英语国家社会与文化入门试卷A

英语国家社会与文化》考试试卷（A卷）适用班级考试时间 120 分钟学院外国语班级学号姓名成绩题号一二三四五六七八九十总分分数得分一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each)1.England is a highly ____1____ country ,with more than 80% of its population living in cities ,and about 2% of the population working in agriculture.2.The first permanent settlement in North America was established, intoday's __ 2 in the year of 16073.The American transcendentalist, _____3______- published a startling book called Nature he claimed by studying and respecting to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without form religion .4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches____4____, the legislative and the judicial .5.One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has _____5___,so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets6.The best -known stock exchange is ___6_________located in Wall Street area of New York City7.WASP stands for ______7_______.8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from _______8______,Italy and Poland.9. _______9______ , they refer to the five novels written by Fennimore Cooper.10.A collection of poems written by_____10____, it is a ground-breaking book. That is Leaves of Grass.11.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two sections: the front line and ____11_____.12.M.B.A and G.R.E. stand for Master of Business Administrationand _______12______ in U.S. education.13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for Bachelor of Artsand _______13________in higher education.14.The two most well known computer companies are IBM and_____14____ in the United States.15.In the 11th century Britain was invaded by a group of__15____ from northern France .16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and internationally respected universities _______16________ and Glasgow.17.The Britain, the official head of state is now the King while the real center of political life is in ______17________ .18.The British Constitution consists of _____18________ ,the common laws and conventions.19.In jazz music major musical instrument include violin,_____19_____,piano,trombone , cymbal ,bell, hollow wooden block,chimes ,drum, guitar etc.20.In the American education , A.A. stands for ____20______.得分二、Choose the correct answer for each of the following (35%)(1 point each)1. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modem development of Europe?A. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. Tile spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.1.Who was the first to start the Religious Revolution that brought about the modern development of Europe?A. Martin LutherB. John CalvinC. John LockeD. John Adams3. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. separation of state and church.B. respect of education.C. intolerant moralism.D. a sense of mission.4. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originatedmainly fromA. George Washington.B. Thomas Jefferson.C. John Adams.D. John Locke.5. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?A. Catholics.B. Puritans.C. Quakers.D. Church of England.6. Which of the following was NOT the cause that brought about the development of American Industrial Revolution.A. introduction of factory systemB. system of mass productionC. construction of railroadD. religious liberty7.Service industry does not include_______________.A. BankingB. management consultationB. Airline C .steelmaking8. One of the problems with American agriculture that critics accuses both corporate and family farmers of damaging the __________.A. tourism attractionB. environmentC. cultural balanceD. economic development9. The latest technology that farmers have adopted isA. artificial fertilizersB. pesticideC. tractorsD. computers10. Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?A. The Baptists.B. The Catholics.C. The Methodists.D. The Presbyterians.11. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons exceptA. for finding a job in society.B. for having a place in a community.C. for identifying themselves with dominant values.D. for getting together with friends.12. Which of the following statements is NOT correct according to the American laws?A. American mainstream culture is based on Protestantism.B. Protestant Church is an established church by law in the U.S.C. The Catholic Church is the largest single religious group in the U.S.D. The largest church is of the Protestant faith in the U.S.13.Which of the following was written by Thoreau?A. NatureB. WaldenC. The Scarlet LetterD. The Fall of the House of Usher14. ______________was mainly interested in writing about Americans living in Europe.A. Henry JamesB. Mark TwainC. William Dean HowellsD. Stephen Crane15. Three of the following authors are Nobel Prize winners. Which one is not.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Eugene O'NeillC. William FaulknerD. F. Scott Fitzgerald16.______________does NOT belong to the "Lost Generation".A. John Dos PassosB. Ernest HemingwayC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck17. ______was NOT written by Hemingway.A. Light in AugustB. The Sun Also RisesC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls18. The typical Christmas meal consists of _______ with potatoes and other vegetables____ carrots and sprouts ,this is often followed by Christmas pudding.A. turkeyB. cakesC. mince piesD. roast beef19.Both public and private Universities depend on the following sources of income except,A. investmentB. student tuitionC. endowmentsD. government funding20. The legislative branch of the U.S. consists of congress that is divided into:A. the House of Representatives and the SenateB. the House of Representative and the SenatesC. the House of commons and the House of LordsD. the House of Common and the House of Lord21. In the U.S. ,Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?A. briberyB. tax evasionC. false advertisingD. robbery22.Which of the following is not a team game?A. volleyballB. bowlingC. soccerD. field hockey23 According to the author, jazz music gains acceptance in all classes in American society because of the following reasons. Which is the exception?A. It initially appealed to the young and rebellious.B. Jazz musicians worked Indian American music into the music.C. Jazz music was made modified and became more refined.D.Both A and C.24. Blues was derived from a blend of field chantey and spiritual which isA. a form of rock 'n, roll singing popular among American teenagers.B. a form of operatic singing originated from Southern European countries.C. a form of country music singing.D. a form of hymn singing prevalent in African-American Christian churches.25. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London?A. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centre.D. The sports centre.26. Which of the following can NOT be found in London?A. Teahouses.B. Galleries.C. Museums.D. Theatres.27. The Tower Of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built byA. King HaroldB. Robin HoodC. Oliver CromwellD. William the Conqueror28. The ________provides a fair way for deciding whom to admit when then they have 10 or 12 applicants for every first year students seat in the U.S.A.SATSB.NBAC.NEED.CBA29. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world forA. its most famous landmark, the "Giant's Causeway".B. its rich cultural lifeC. its low living standardsD. its endless political problems30. A masterpiece ,______ to explore certain moral themes such as guilt ,pride and emotional precession by Nathanial HawthorneA. The Scarlet LetterB. Catch -22C. The Grapes of WrathD. Moby Dick31. Which of the following about the House of Commons is NOT true?A. Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. MPs receive salaries and some other allowances.C. MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most MPs belong to the major political parties.32. ___________ made the first desktop PC.A. Thomas EdisonB. Apple computersC. Tow tong amateur inventorsD. Samuel F.B. More33. These ____ and _____ stand today as Wales' great tourist attractions. Tourism is an important industryA. castles and estatesB. Hadrian's WallC. Giant's CausewayD. Royal Pavilion34. The British Queen decided to open__________ to summer tourists to raise money, which caused a lot criticism from the public.A. the Tower of London .B. British Museum.C. Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle.D. Westminster Abbey35. Louis Armstrong played theA . cornet. B. drum. C. clarinet D. piano.得分三、Give brief explanations of the following ideas (Choose 5 from 8 to present on the paper )(25%)(5 point each)1.the meaning of being an American according to Crevecoeur2.the Anglo-Saxons3.two immigration movements to the Americas4.functions of British Parliament5.Three Faiths in the U.S.6. the "Lost Generation"7.Jazz music8. the meaning of the poverty in the U.S.得分四、Analyze the roots that have favored the success of American business and industry(20%)《英语国家社会与文化》考试试卷（A卷）Key Answer一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each)1 .urbanized 2. Virginia3. Ralph Waldo Emerson 4 .the executive5. limited liability 6 .New York Stock Exchange7. the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant 8. Ireland9. the Letherstocking Tales 10. Walt Whitman11. the percussion 12 .Graduate Record Examination13. Bachelor of Science 14. Apple15 .the Normans 16. Edinburgh17 .the House of Commons 18 .statute law19 .clarinet 20.Associate of Arts二、Choose the correct answer for each of the following (35%)(1 point each)1-5 DAADA 6-10 DDBAB 11-15 ABBAD 16-20 DAAAA21-25 DDDDA 26-30 ADADA31-35 ACACA三、Give brief explanations of the following ideas (Choose 5 from 8 to present on the paper )(25%)(5 point each)1 .the meaning of being an American according to CrevecoeurAccording to Crevecoeur the American was a new man with the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. This new man left behind him all the ancient European traditions and received ones in the New World. In North America, all individuals were melted into a new race of the American. This new man acted upon new principles, entertained new ideas and formed new opinions.2. the Anglo-SaxonsThe Anglo-Saxons were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century . They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.3. two immigration movements to the AmericasThe American continents were peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first from Asia and the second from Europe and Africa.4 .functions of British ParliamentParliament has a umber of different functions. First and foremost ,it passes laws. Another important function is that it provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation . Its other roles are to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.5.Three Faiths in the U.S.By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish, the order reflecting the strength in numbers of each group.6.the "Lost Generation"In the aftermath of World War I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment. Some lived abroad. They were known as the "Lost Generation". The two most representative writers of the "Lost Generation" were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.7.Jazz musicEarly jazz music first appeared in the Southern city of New Orleans at the end of the 19th century .It was a blend of folk music, Work chants, spirituals, marches , and even European classical music. A defining mark of this early New Orleans jazz was that a group of musicians improvising their notes in changing chords around a specific melodic line. All jazz bands use such instruments as a trumpet, a clarinet, a trombone, and percussion instruments like the drum, banjo, and guitars. Jazz developed into the 1920's with two different styles, namely, the Chicago style jazz and the New York style8.the meaning of the poverty in the U.S.Poverty in the U.S. does not supplely mean that the poor do not live quite as well as other citizens. It means many old people eating dog and cat food to supplement their diets. It means malnutrition and deprivation for hundreds of thousands of children. It means greater susceptibility to disease, to alcoholism, to victimization by criminals, and to mental disorders. It often means unstable marriages, slum housing, illiteracy, ignorance, inadequate medical facilities, and shortened life expectancy. Poverty can mean low self-esteem, despair, and stunting of human potential.四、Analyze the roots that have favored the success of American business and industry (20%)No single factor is responsible for the successes of American business and industry. Bountiful resources, the geographical size of the country and population trends have all contributed to these successes. Religious, social and political traditions; the institutional structures of government and business; and the courage, hard work and determination of countless entrepreneurs and workers have also played a part.The vast dimensions and ample natural resources of the United States proved from the first to be a major advantage for national economic development. With the fourth largest area and population in the world, the United States still benefits greatly from the size of its internal market. The Constitution of the United States bars all kinds of internal tariffs, so manufacturers do not have toworry about tariff barriers when shipping goods from one part of the country to another.Population grew fast enough to supply both workers and consumers for American businesses.(eg Thanks to several waves of immigration, the United States gained population rapidly Rapid growth helped to promote a remarkable mobility in the American population a mobility that contributes a useful flexibility to business life. )The American people have possessed to an unusual degree the entrepreneurial spirit that finds its outlet in such business activities as manufacturing, transporting, buying and selling. Some have traced this entrepreneurial drive to religious sources. (eg)A variety of institutional factors have favored the success of American business and industry. (eg Mindful of the potential for abuse that lay in a powerful government, the founders of America's political institutions sought to limit governmental powers while widening opportunities for individual initiative. The relative reluctance of American political leaders to intervene in economic activities gave great freedom to market forces. By channeling economic initiative into activities that promised the greatest return on investment,free-market institutions fostered dynamic growth and rapid change. One result was a rapid accumulation of capital, which could then be used to produce further growth.)。