汉译英主语选择训练一
高考英语汉译英(整句)训练100题(含参考答案)
高考英语汉译英（整句）训练100题（含参考答案）学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、汉译英（整句）1.医生的职责是治疗病人，救死扶伤。
（汉译英）2.这里的很多鱼不适合吃，所以就被扔掉了。
（汉译英）3.给我印象最深的是他对那时发生的事情的生动描述。
（汉译英）4.夏令营将于6月14日至16日在北京北海公园开始，目的是提高参加者对中国文化的了解。
（汉译英）5.碰到生词就查词典是浪费时间。
（汉译英）6.定期更新数据是当前的一项重要任务。
（汉译英）7.只要我们能为保护地球做出贡献，我们就能创造一个美丽的环境。
（汉译英）8.在我看来，我们应该提高人们的环保意识，防止河流被污染。
（汉译英）9.我们学校后面的河过去很干净，但现在很多垃圾漂浮在水面上。
（汉译英）10.毫无疑问，垃圾会导致河水变脏，这对我们的健康有害，也污染环境。
（汉译英）11. 一门语言能带你进入人生旅途。
两门语言那么为你开启人生旅途中的所有大门。
（汉译英）12.众所周知，汉字是世界上最古老的文字之一。
（汉译英）13.我们不仅要保护我们的文化遗产，而且更要让人们意识到其保护的重要性。
（notonly...but also倒装结构表达；aware of）（汉译英）14.只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时，我们才不会成为野生动物和地球的威胁。
（汉译英）15. 了解到野生动物的数量正慢慢减少，我们必须采取有效措施阻止非法狩猎。
（非谓语结构+主句）（汉译英）16.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
（汉译英）17.我精通英语；因此，向国际友人介绍一切对我来说是小菜一碟。
（高频词汇+ Itis + 〃.for sb. to do sth.）（汉译英）18.我的目标是让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国。
（动词不定式作表语）（汉译英）19.得知贵画廊将举办中国画展，我想为画展做一些义务工作。
（非谓语作状语）（汉译英）20. 一句多译更重要的是，一些著名的中国音乐家将现身表演。
汉译英之主语的选择全解课件
在汉语中，无主句和省略主句是比较常见的句型，但在英语中，无主句和省略主句的使用相对较少。在汉译英中 ，需要根据英语的表达习惯对无主句和省略主句进行处理，可以采用增补主语、变换句型等方法，使得译文更加 符合英语的表达习惯，提高译文的准确性和流畅性。
汉译英主语选择的
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方法与技巧
直译法
总结词
功能
主语在句子中起到引导句子的作 用，是句子逻辑和语义的核心， 同时影响谓语和宾语的语法结构 和意义。
主语选择的重要性
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02
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语法正确性
选择正确的主语可以使句 子语法结构完整，避免出 现语法错误。
语义清晰性
选择合适的主语可以明确 动作的执行者或状态的变 化者，使句子的语义更加 清晰。
语境适应性
详细描述
在汉译英过程中，有时候原文中的一些词汇或短语在英文中并不需要翻译出来，因为它 们对于句子的结构和意义没有实质性的影响。省略法可以在主语选择时使用，例如在翻
译一些重复的词汇或短语时，可以省略其中的一部分，以使译文更加流畅、自然。
汉译英主语的特殊
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处理
主谓一致的处理
主谓一致是指英语句子中主语和谓语动词在数、时态和语态上保持一致。在汉译 英过程中，需要根据英语语法规则，选择适当的主语形式，以确保句子结构正确 。
主语与谓语逻辑关系混乱
主语与谓语逻辑关系混乱是指英语主语与谓 语在逻辑上不一致，导致句子意义不明确。
在进行汉译英时，需要特别注意主语与谓语 的逻辑关系，确保它们在时态、语态和语气 等方面保持一致。例如，“如果明天下雨， 我们就不去公园了”应该翻译为“If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park”，
高考英语汉译英(整句)专题训练100题(含答案)
高考英语汉译英（整句）专题训练100题（含答案）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、汉译英（整句）1．当代艺术运动自20世纪末兴起以来，一直受到人们的质疑……（since引导时间状语从句）（汉译英）2．那里有不同的展台，艺术家们可以在那里展示他们的技艺，并向参观者传授技艺！（where引导定语从句）（汉译英）3．众所周知，报纸、杂志，电视仍然是公众获取信息的有效媒体。
(It…that…) （汉译英）4．我们都知道阅读对中学生有积极影响。
(aware)（汉译英）5．骑自行车，你可以享受在城镇周边旅行的自由。
(enjoy)（汉译英）6．他无疑仍是球迷心中的偶像，鼓励着年轻人不断拼搏。
(no doubt) （汉译英）7．如果你怕得罪人，那就没有办法杀伐决断，砥砺前行，没有魄力带好一个团队。
（courage）(汉译英)8．有人以命燃灯，给了漫漫长夜一点微弱的希望。
(light：动词) (汉译英)9．生活虐我千百遍，我待生活如初恋。
（Despite）(汉译英)10．尽管家境贫寒，这个志存高远的女孩从不安于现状，而是不断挑战自我，终于在面试中脱颖而出，获得了接收高等教育的机会。
（Despite，access）（汉译英）11．人们很少意识到，公众节能环保的意识越强，与每个人息息相关的生活环境就会越好。
（Seldom）（汉译英）12．这部纪录片刻画了一位饱经风霜的老人及其令人饮佩的爱国情怀。
（feature）（汉译英）13．奇怪的是，几十年过去了，他对家乡的一草一木却依然记忆犹新。
（fresh）（汉译英）14．南非有很多野生动物，难怪是动物爱好者的乐园。
(shortage) (汉译英)15．春节总是让人想到希望与活力，在这样一个辞旧迎新、万家团圆的节日里，我们走亲访友给大家带去美好的祝福。
(when) (汉译英)16．这本国际学术期刊用了整整一章来介绍他的研究发现。
汉译英之主语的选择
• 因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这 种隔绝状态，由于通讯工具不足，就变得更加严重了。 • a. Due to Long distances and lack of transport facilities, the rural areas are isolated from the outside world，which is made more serious by the lack of communication instruments. • (基本保留了原文句法结构)
1）热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立和 发展贸易关系。 Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome to establish and develop business contacts. 2) 希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。
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我在暖烘烘的炉火旁很快就睡着了。
The warmth of the stove soon brought sleep to me.
4 2008年奥运会将在北京举行。
There will be the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008. The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008. Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. The year 2008 will witness the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing . The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008.
高考英语汉译英训练100题(含答案)
高考英语汉译英训练100题（含答案）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、汉译英（整句）1．明天会议上要讨论的问题非常难。
（汉译英）2．足球是非常简单的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因。
(主语从句) （汉译英）3．有的女声音调至高，我觉得都能震碎玻璃了。
（汉译英）4．一图胜千词。
（汉译英）5．作为一名计算机工程师，我常常要面临随时到来的挑战。
（汉译英）6．在我即将高中毕业之际，我想向我的老师们表达谢意，感激他们不辞辛劳地培育我们。
(gratitude) （汉译英）7．去欧洲旅游时，不建议游客在晚上单独出行。
(suggest) （汉译英）8．这家面包房因为使用劣质面粉而成为众矢之的。
(target) （汉译英）9．不要把你所有的精力或资源都放在做一件事情上。
（put...into...）（汉译英）10．多亏了社会各界人士的慷慨解囊，这个孤儿院才得以在今年年初办了起来。
(orphanage；found)(汉译英)11．在全国学生的目光注视下，她可能已经激励了整个新一代宇航员和太空科学家。
（情态动词＋have done）（汉译英）12．它特殊是因为克里斯塔·麦考利夫那年37岁，是一名普通的老师和母亲，即将成为第一个进入太空的平民。
（be about to do sth.）（汉译英）13．我的大新闻是我们都在考虑在寒假去中国做一次大型旅行。
（that引导表语从句）（汉译英）14．阅读中国文学作品是一种既有趣又鼓舞人心的体验。
（动名词短语做主语）（汉译英）15．正像没有灵魂的身躯不是人一样，没有爱的家庭也不是家庭。
（汉译英）16．他和我们一样不是神。
（汉译英）17．同马一样，鲸鱼也不是鱼。
（汉译英）18．一些科学家相信，不久之后机器人就会广泛应用于生活的各个方面。
（汉译英）19．听起来你好像来自美国南部。
（汉译英）20．“每次吃甜食时要喝绿茶。
英语(汉语)主语的翻译(课前练习)
英语／汉语主语的翻译（课前练习）（翻译时请注意各个句子的主语处理）Pa rt One EC Translation1.Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.书籍逾期归还的惩罚措施在未来将会严格地被强制执行。
2.My good fortune has sent you to me, and we will never part from eachother.我最大的幸运就是遇见了你，我们永远也不会分离。
3.It never occurred to me that she was so dishonest.她是如此的不诚实，这十分出乎我的意料。
4.His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in thefirst convenient shade.他疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热，因此他下定了决心，一碰到阴凉的地方就坐下。
5.The establishment of a solid manufacturing and mining industry has keptVictoria’s unemployment rate the lowest in the country.因为建立了稳固的制造业和采矿业，维多利亚州的失业率一直是全国最低的。
Part Two CE Translation1.我的头疼的要命。
My headache is killing me.2.懒惰的人不会成功。
Lazy man never succeed.3.因为天气太糟，我们未能成行。
We didn’t go trip due to the bad weather.4.已经有数千人在持续了一年的内战中丧生。
Thousands of people have died in the civil war, which broke out a year ago.5.我见到他就恶心。
小升初英语复习：英汉互译 专项训练
小升初英语专项训练：英汉互译一、单选题1.当你想问Miss White她是哪里人时，你应该问：A. Where are you?B. Where are you from?C. What's your name?2.当别人有可能会遇到危险之前，你会说：A. Be careful.B. Don't worry.3.当你想要问别人哪里是教师办公室的时候，你这样说：A. Where's the teachers' office?B. Is this the teachers' office?4.劳动节A. Children's DayB. Labour Day5.Ben想知道你学校有多少间图书馆，他会问：A. How many classrooms are there?B. How many library are there?C. How many libraries are there?6.你想知道对方在哪里，你应该说：________A. Who are you?B. Where are you?7.当你的玩具不见了时，你可以这样问妈妈：A. Where is my toy?B. Where is my book?C. Where's the boy?8.埃米只有2岁。
A. Amy is only two years old.B. Amy is only two year old.9.当你想告诉别人你不喜欢西瓜时，应该说：A. I like watermelons.B. I don't like apples.C. I don't like watermelons.10.当你想表达自己喜欢汉堡时，你应说：________A. I like fruit.B. I like hot dogs.C. I like hamburgers.二、填空题11.女孩12.那边有更多的恐龙。
确定主语翻译练习题
确定主语翻译练习题在学习英语的过程中，掌握好主语的准确翻译是非常重要的。
主语作为句子的核心，直接决定了句子的结构和意义。
为了帮助大家更好地掌握主语的翻译，我为大家准备了一些主语翻译练习题。
通过这些练习题的完成，相信你能加深对主语翻译的理解和运用。
Exercise 1:翻译以下句子中的主语。
1. The girl is playing piano.2. They are studying in the library.3. My mother cooks delicious food.4. Dogs are man's best friends.5. He is a talented musician.Exercise 2:翻译以下句子中的主语。
1. 昨天我在公园见到了那个奶奶。
2. 这本书是我最喜欢的。
3. 今天早上，我们一起去了海滩。
4. 放学后，他们去踢足球了。
5. 那只猫非常可爱。
Exercise 3:翻译以下句子中的主语。
1. La casa está en la playa.2. El coche nuevo es muy rápido.3. Las flores en el jardín son hermosas.4. Él es mi mejor amigo.5. Nosotros vivimos en la ciudad.Exercise 4:翻译以下句子中的主语。
1. On trouve beaucoup de monde sur la plage.2. Le chat dort sur le canapé.3. Les enfants jouent dans le parc.4. Ma sœur parle français couramment.5. Je vais à l'école tous les jours.Exercise 5:翻译以下句子中的主语。
八年级英语汉译英单选题40题
八年级英语汉译英单选题40题1. 她经常在周末看电视。
A. She often watches TV on weekends.B. She often watch TV on weekends.C. She often watching TV on weekends.D. She often watched TV on weekends.答案：A。
本题考查一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，主语she 是第三人称单数，动词要用watches。
2. 他们昨天去了北京。
A. They go to Beijing yesterday.B. They went to Beijing yesterday.C. They goes to Beijing yesterday.D. They gone to Beijing yesterday.答案：B。
本题考查一般过去时，go 的过去式是went。
3. 我正在做作业。
A. I'm do my homework.B. I'm doing my homework.C. I doing my homework.D. I does my homework.答案：B。
本题考查现在进行时，be + 动词的现在分词，do 的现在分词是doing。
4. 他会弹钢琴。
A. He can plays the piano.B. He can play the piano.C. He can playing the piano.D. He can to play the piano.答案：B。
本题考查can 的用法，can 后接动词原形。
5. 这个女孩很漂亮。
A. This girl is very beautiful.B. This girl are very beautiful.C. This girls is very beautiful.D. This girls are very beautiful.答案：A。
2013 汉英翻译 主语的选择
• 沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就 在沉默中灭亡。--《纪念刘和珍君》
• Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!
1. 2. 2 主语必须是句中应该突出的信息
1. 这次国家调动了 160 万军队去帮助守护大堤， 将被洪水淹没地区的百姓迁走。 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded．
Determining the Subject of a Sentence
主语的选择
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
钱你不用还了。 这锅饭能吃十个人。 这匹马骑着两个人。 被人缠上是件讨厌的事儿。 老子打儿子, 天经地义。 上面坐着主席团。 从她那儿能找到解决问题的办法。 说的是古代的一个老头，名叫愚公。
七大主要英语的主语
1. 施动主语 (agentive subject)： Susan is growing flowers． 2. 受动主语 (affected subject)： Her books translate well． 3. 工具主语 (instrumental subject)： A stone broke the glass． 4. 地点主语 (locative subject): The jar contains h重主题的语言”(topic-prominent language) ，是话题评论式的。 汉语：话题+评论/说明 英语是“注重主语的语言”(subject-prominent language )。英语的主谓是施事行为式的。 英语：主语（施事者或受事者）+谓语（行为）
八年级英语汉译英练习题30题(答案解析)
八年级英语汉译英练习题30题(答案解析)1. 她擅长唱歌。
She is good at singing.答案解析：be good at doing sth 擅长做某事。
翻译时注意“擅长”用be good at，后面跟动词ing 形式。
易错点是容易忘记at 后面用动词ing 形式。
2. 他对画画感兴趣。
He is interested in drawing.答案解析：be interested in doing sth 对……感兴趣。
翻译时注意“对……感兴趣”用be interested in，后面跟动词ing 形式。
易错点是容易忘记in 后面用动词ing 形式。
3. 我喜欢读书。
I like reading books.答案解析：like doing sth 喜欢做某事。
翻译时注意“喜欢”用like，后面跟动词ing 形式。
易错点是容易忘记like 后面用动词ing 形式。
4. 她每天都锻炼。
She exercises every day.答案解析：every day 每天，作时间状语。
翻译时注意“每天”用every day。
易错点是容易把every day 和everyday 混淆，everyday 是形容词，意思是“日常的”。
5. 他经常帮助他的妈妈做家务。
He often helps his mother do housework.答案解析：help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事。
翻译时注意“帮助某人做某事”用help sb do sth。
易错点是容易忘记help 后面的动词用原形。
6. 我每周六去购物。
I go shopping on Saturdays.答案解析：go shopping 去购物，on Saturdays 在周六。
翻译时注意“去购物”用go shopping，“在周六”用on Saturdays。
易错点是容易忘记on Saturdays 前面用介词on。
7. 她有时看电视。
八年级英语汉译英练习题30题含答案解析
八年级英语汉译英练习题30题含答案解析1. 他擅长打篮球。
He is good at playing basketball.答案解析：be good at doing sth.是固定短语，表示“擅长做某事”。
翻译时注意“擅长”要用be good at，“打篮球”是play basketball，play 与球类运动搭配时中间不加冠词。
2. 她每天都做作业。
She does her homework every day.答案解析：do one's homework 是固定短语，表示“做作业”。
every day 表示“每天”，是时间状语。
翻译时注意主语是第三人称单数时，动词要用第三人称单数形式。
3. 我喜欢听音乐。
I like listening to music.答案解析：like doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”。
listen to music 是固定短语，表示“听音乐”。
翻译时注意“听”要用listen to，不能直接用listen。
4. 他们在公园里玩。
They play in the park.答案解析：in the park 表示“在公园里”，是地点状语。
翻译时注意介词in 的用法。
5. 我的妈妈是一位老师。
My mother is a teacher.答案解析：“我的妈妈”是my mother，“一位老师”是 a teacher。
翻译时注意主语和谓语的搭配。
6. 他有一本英语书。
He has an English book.答案解析：have 表示“有”，主语是第三人称单数时，要用has。
an English book 表示“一本英语书”，翻译时注意不定冠词an 的用法。
7. 我们去上学。
We go to school.答案解析：go to school 是固定短语，表示“去上学”。
翻译时注意“上学”要用go to school，不能用go to the school。
汉译英主语的选定
4. 主语为偏正结构短语
肥沃的土壤有利于作物的生长。
The richness of soil favors the growth of crops.
除了其传染性,该疾病的严重状况最终导致肺结核。 In addition to its contagiousness, the severity of the disease resulted in tuberculosis.
3. 主语为动宾结构短语 发明计算机是人类历史上的一大奇迹。 The invention of the computer is a marvel in human history. 操作电机需要了解电机的一些性能情况。 The operation of an electric machine needs some knowledge of its performance.
5. 主语从句 除地球外的任何别的行星上是否适合生命存在,是值得怀疑的。
Whether life can exist on any planet other than the earth is very doubtful. 理论必须紧密联系实际是我们应当记住的一条原则。 That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
要创造新物质,就需要一个超热和高能的环境。 Creation of new matter requires an exceedingly hot and energydense environment.
(目的状语译为主语)
初二英语翻译技巧训练单选题30题
初二英语翻译技巧训练单选题30题1.He is very kind.A.他非常和蔼。
B.他非常友好。
C.他非常善良。
答案：C。
A 选项“和蔼”通常用gentle 来表达；B 选项“友好”是friendly；kind 通常翻译为“善良”。
本题考查词汇的准确翻译。
2.She is beautiful.A.她很漂亮。
B.她很美丽。
C.她很迷人。
答案：B。
A 选项“漂亮”可以用pretty 或handsome；C 选项“迷人”是charming；beautiful 通常翻译为“美丽”。
本题考查词汇的精准翻译。
3.He is strong.A.他很强壮。
B.他很有力。
C.他很健壮。
答案：A。
B 选项“有力”可以用powerful；C 选项“健壮”是robust；strong 通常翻译为“强壮”。
本题考查词汇的准确表达。
4.She is happy.A.她很开心。
B.她很高兴。
C.她很愉快。
答案：A。
B 选项“高兴”可以用glad；C 选项“愉快”是pleasant；happy 通常翻译为“开心”。
本题考查词汇的恰当翻译。
5.He is tall.A.他很高。
B.他很高大。
C.他很修长。
答案：A。
B 选项“高大”可以用big and tall；C 选项“修长”是slender；tall 通常翻译为“高”。
本题考查词汇的准确释义。
6.She is smart.A.她很聪明。
B.她很机灵。
C.她很敏锐。
答案：A。
B 选项“机灵”是clever；C 选项“敏锐”是sharp；smart 通常翻译为“聪明”。
本题考查词汇的正确翻译。
7.He is brave.A.他很勇敢。
B.他很大胆。
C.他很无畏。
答案：A。
B 选项“大胆”是bold；C 选项“无畏”是fearless；brave 通常翻译为“勇敢”。
本题考查词汇的准确翻译。
8.She is careful.A.她很细心。
B.她很谨慎。
C.她很小心。
答案：A。
B 选项“谨慎”是cautious；C 选项“小心”是be careful 的另一种说法，在这个语境中不如“细心”准确；careful 通常翻译为“细心”。
论在汉译英中主语的选择 ——以张培基《英译中国现代散文选》为例
论在汉译英中主语的选择——以张培基《英译中国现代散文选》为例摘要翻译是两种语言间相互转换的语言活动。
在汉译英中，我们面临的任务之一是选择合适的词做主语。
然而，由于英汉语言间存在较大差异，我们在汉译英过程中选择主语并不容易。
汉英主语在形式和构句方面存在差异，而且汉语注重话题而英语注重主语。
本文从对这些差异的分析入手，通过对张培基《英译中国现代散文选》的学习以及本人自身的实践和总结，在汉译英主语选择方面提出了一些方法和建议。
一、保留原文主语作译文主语，二、选择原文的其他句子成分作译文主语，三、在译文中增补主语，四、减少改变主语。
进而得出结论。
在汉译英选择主语时，我们应该现在英美人的思维方式上考虑，结合英语的语言习惯，充分理解原文，运用一些技巧选择合适的主语。
关键词：汉译英;主语的选择;英汉主语的差异;张培基;英译中国现代散文选AbstractTranslation is a language activity of transforming between two languages. In the process of Chinese-English translation, choosing the suitable words as subjects is one of the tasks people facing with. However, it's not easy for people to choose subjects in Chinese-English translation because of the differences between Chinese and English. The subjects of Chinese and English have differences in forms and sentence structure. Furthermore, Chinese is topic-prominent language and English is subject-prominent language. This thesis begins with these differences, puts up some methods and advises about how to choose a suitable subjects through learning Selected Modern Chinese Essays by Zhang Peiji and the author own practices and conclusion. First, keeping the subjects of the original sentences. Second, choosing other constituents of the original sentences. Third, replenishing new subjects for the translation. Fourth, reducing of changing the subjects. And then, the writer shows the conclusion that it should be considered the mode of thinking in western countries, combining with the English language habits, fully understanding the origin text, and use some skills to choose the appropriate subjects.Key words: Chinese-English Translation；the choice of subjects；the differences of subjects in English and Chinese；Zhang Peiji；Selected Modern Chinese EssaysContentsAbstract (I)1．Literature Review 01.1 Existing Researches on this Topic 01.2 Purposes and importance of the study 02. Differences between Chinese and English Subjects (1)2.1 In Forms (1)2.2 Topic-prominent Language vs. Subject-prominent Language12.3 In Sentence Structure (2)3. Methods of Choosing the Subjects in Chinese-English Translation 23.1 Keep the Subjects of the Original Sentences (3)3.2 Choose other constituents of the Original Sentences (3)3.2.1 Choose the Objects to be the Subjects (4)3.2.2 Choose the Adverbials to be the Subjects (4)3.2.3 Choose the Attributives to be the Subjects (6)3.2.4 Choose the Predicates to be the Subjects (6)3.3 Replenish New Subjects for the Translation (6)3.3.1 Replenish the Suppressed Subjects of the Original .. 73.3.2 Replenish the Impersonal Pronoun “It” (7)3.4 Reduce of Changing the Subjects (8)4. Conclusion (9)Bibliography (10)Acknowledgements (10)1．Literature Review1.1 Existing Researches on this TopicMany scholars discussed the translation of Chinese and English sentences from the perspective of differences between Chinese and English subjects. According to the existing research, there are many different forms of expression between Chinese and English, which can be divided into topic-prominent language and subject-prominent language, covert subject and overt subject, parataxis and hypotaxis in sentence structure, personal subject and impersonal subject. These studies focus on the analysis of subjective differences between Chinese and English languages, but the discussion of subjects in Chinese-English translation is relatively less detailed. In the book Chinese-English Translation Studies and Practice written by Ji Dequan (2005: 105), who puts forward five principles of determining the subjects in Chinese-English translation: "(1) It must conform to the English expression and the background. (2) It must conform to the English way of thinking ". (3) It must be the information that should be emphasized in the sentence. (4) It must follow the logical order of the sentence. (5) It should meet the context of the request ". In addition, Liu Miqing (1992: 37:46) has concluded in his book Contrast and Translation of English and Chinese three specific methods of selecting the subjects in the procession of translating Chinese into English, which are equivalence, shift, and supplement. These studies provide translators with some theories, principles, and strategies to choose the subject of Chinese to English translation.1.2 Purposes and importance of the StudyThe main purposes and importance of my paper can be summarized as the following two aspects. First of all, as a famous translator and translation theorist, Zhang Peiji made a great contribution to the translation of Chinese papers. The qualities and standards of the articles which he translated are very high. His Selected Modem Chinese Essays was widely accepted by readers and scholars to help spread the Chinese culture, so his translation of the paper worthy of translators’ unremitting study, they learned a lot, so as to improve translators’ ability to translate; the other aspect is that there is no denying the important role of the subject in shaping and constructing sentences in both Chinese and English. They also have a significant impact on the cohesion of sentences,but because of the differences between English and Chinese subjects, translators choose an appropriate subject from Chinese into English as a challenge, so it seems that it should be investigated and made detailed use of some useful translation techniques and strategies to help translators’ determine the subject of Chinese to English translation. Zhang Peiji's Chinese prose translation has set a good example in choosing the appropriate subject, so the author chose to analyze own translation works together with him and explore the method of choosing the subject.2.Differences between Chinese and English SubjectsChinese and English belong to two different language families, therefore Chinese finds its root in the Sino-Tibetan Language Family, while English belongs to Indo-European Language Family. Differences exist between the two languages, one of which is the difference between their subjects, so as bring difficulties to us in English learning and Chinese and English translation. This chapter will generally discuss the differences between Chinese and English subjects mainly in the following three facts.2.1 In FormsChinese subjects are diverse and highly compatible. Wei Zhicheng (2003) points out that all kinds of words, phrases and clauses can be used as Chinese subject. Liu Miqing (1992) argues that, due to the diversity of Chinese characteristics, the Chinese language features, almost any form of expression can be directly used as the subject of Chinese, or in other words, topics, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, quantifiers or any other words, phrases or terms, we consider them to be "topics" rather than "subjects". “TmS (time subject), PlS (place subject), DaS (subject matter), MrS (modifier subject) Chinese subject” (Liu Meiqing, 1992: 39). Unlike Chinese subjects, English subjects are less incompatible and form singular, because they must be nominal. Thus, noun and subject pronouns can be used as subject of English, and as for other non-nominal words, phrases or clauses, if you want to use them as subjects of English, you must change their form and make them nouns.2.2 Topic-prominent Language vs. Subject-prominent LanguageAccording to Li and Thompson (1976) theory, different languages can be divided into four categories, namely the subject-prominent language, thetopic-prominent language, both the subject-prominent and the topic-prominent language, neither the subject-prominent nor the topic-prominent language. And they show that Chinese belongs to the topic-prominent language which is the informational units of topic and comment that are basic to the structure of sentences, while English is the subject-prominent language which is the grammatical units of the subject and predicate that are basic to the structure of sentences. English focuses more on the relationship between the subject and the actor and the action, and the performance of the behavior can be found in the close grammatical relationship between the English subject and the predicate. This is not the same as Chinese. Zhao Yuanren (1979) said that only about 50% of the relationship between the Chinese subject and the predicate reflects the relationship between the actor and the behavior, so it is best to be the Chinese subject and predicate as the topic and comment. This also explains why Chinese subjects are more diverse than English subjects.2.3 In Sentence StructureFrom the above discussion, you can conclude that that English emphasizes the subject. They are indispensable in constructing sentences. In most cases, the subject is the starting point, the center and the must in English sentences. Often using the formal subject "it" can also be a good explanation of the English subject is indispensable. They have a decisive grammatical function and have a comprehensive and close relationship with the whole sentence. In English, the subject decides the number of predicates, so it should be consistent with the subject when the sentence is constructed. “The main body and the predicate form the seven main English sentences, namely SV, SVC, SVO, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA.” (Quirk, R., Greenbaum, G. Leech & J. Svartvik, 1985: 721). These forms of sentences also reveal the importance of English subjects. Chinese sentences are more flexible and do not have to follow strict sentences as English. As for the Chinese subject, they are not indispensable in the sentence structure and are not related to the form of the predicate. No subject sentences are common to meet in Chinese, and in many cases the subject can be omitted.3.Methods of Choosing the Subjects in Chinese-English Translation3.1 Keep the Subjects of the Original SentencesFrom the analysis and discussion in section two, translators understand that the subject of English sentences is mainly nouns, subjective pronouns or nominal words. If the original Chinese has a clear subject, and the subject is composed of nouns or subjective pronouns, and in line with the English primitive order, which is the thematic progression pattern. And then the translation of the original subject can be used as the subject of English translation. This is the easiest and most reliable means of choosing a subject in Chinese to English translation.(1)这激流永远动荡着，并不曾有一个时候停止过，而且它也不能够停止；没有什么东西可以阻止它。
八年级英语汉译英单选题40题
八年级英语汉译英单选题40题1. 我每天早上六点起床。
A. I get up at six o'clock every morning.B. I gets up at six o'clock every morning.C. I getting up at six o'clock every morning.D. I'm get up at six o'clock every morning.答案：A。
本题考查一般现在时的用法。
主语I 是第一人称，谓语动词用原形get，B 选项gets 用于第三人称单数，C 选项getting 是现在分词，不能单独作谓语，D 选项am 和get 都是动词，不能同时使用。
2. 他经常在周末看电视。
A. He often watch TV on weekends.B. He often watches TV on weekends.C. He often watching TV on weekends.D. He is often watch TV on weekends.答案：B。
一般现在时中，主语he 是第三人称单数，谓语动词watch 要加es 变成watches，A 选项watch 形式错误，C 选项watching 是现在分词，不能单独作谓语，D 选项is 和watch 不能连用。
3. 我们放学后打篮球。
A. We play basketball after school.B. We plays basketball after school.C. We are play basketball after school.D. We playing basketball after school.答案：A。
主语we 是复数，谓语动词用原形play，B 选项plays 用于第三人称单数，C 选项are 和play 不能连用，D 选项playing 是现在分词，不能单独作谓语。
汉译英翻译技巧(2)主语的选择
主语的选择①名词特性②搭配合理③主题突出④注意尾重⑤注意连贯①名词特性主语必须是名词，包括名词短语，名词性从句，也包括具有名词特性的-ing分词,动词不定式to do全球发展不平衡加剧。
Imbalance in global development has widened.求和平、谋发展、促和平已经成为各国人民的普遍愿望。
To promote peace, development and cooperation has become the shared aspiration of people across the world.建设生态文明，是关系人民福祉、民族未来的长远大计。
Promoting ecological progress is a long-term task of vital importance to the People’s well-being and China’s future. (to do 也可以)②搭配合理上海豫园的九曲桥，景随步移，美不胜收，旅游小册子中有这样一句话：每一次转折都会看到不同的景色。
Every turning can see/admire/enjoy a different view. ???转折做主语吗？中文是话题为主的，汉语看上去是主语，实际在英文中不过是时间，是地点或是状语。
唐朝出现了真正意义上的中国传统园林建筑。
园林出现了在唐朝。
Traditional Chinese architecture in a real sense first emerged/appeared in the Tang Dynasty.宋朝发明了活版印刷术。
③主题突出第四十一届世博会规模为历届之最。
The scale of the 41st World Expo is the biggest of its kind???The 41st World Expo is the biggest of its kind in scale.中国古典园林规模大小不等。
7翻译主语
英译汉主语选择专项训练1 It is now clear to everyone that translation needs special training.2 It is a place of beautiful scenery: situated between water and hills.3 This is a decision he must make for himself.4 His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.5 The year 1983 began---and ended---with an unusual oil crises:fears that theprices of crude oil wound not go up but down.6 A painful hush seized the crowd.7 The sight of Chinese shore brought immense relief to the weary voyagers.8 Her illness prevented he from attending the conference onlinguistics.9 Reading the magazines put many new thoughts into my mind.10 A second term would give the President more power than was safefor the reblican institution.11 Absence and distance make the overseas Chinese heartincreasingly fond of their hometown.12nvestigation led us to the foregoing conclusion.13The forty years,1840-1880,brought almost ten million migrants to America.14he courage escaped from me at the moment and words also failedme.15Later success favored me.16The old man tried to shift to a more comfortable position.Blackness rushed into his head and he held perfectly still.17Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh..18In the 1960s there was a change in fashion in favor of small cars. 19The increasing prosperity of China has brought pride to all the Chinese people.20There are special benefits for certain people, such as the blind and the handicapped.。
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•汉译英主语选择训练一：
• 1 五百年来，中国的戏剧有了很大的发展
• 2 她对他们越来越憎恨。
•3第二次世界大战后，美国经济曾一度空前繁荣。
•4如果该地区再次发生战争，必然会使国际局势处于紧张局势•5有许多需要改进的地方。
•6当今的中国，传真机的使用十分普及，并成为现代重要的通信设备。
•7电脑日益普及，使现代社会经济、科学、文化及生活都产生了巨大而深刻的变化。
•8 研究表明：定期摄入维生素，可以使大脑效率提高。
•9九寨沟的风光，又是另一番景象，在那里，古树摇曳春秋，山花自谢自开。
•10 人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学的最新动态，从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目
•11 工业化改变了整个世界，影响了地球上几乎每一个角落。
•12底特律的迅速发展，应归功于汽车业，尤其归功于亨利.福特。