词汇学试题(2)
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。
A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。
A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。
A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。
A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。
A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。
A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。
A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。
A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。
答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。
答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。
答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。
英语词汇学第九单元测试题2(附答案)
C9 Test-2I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one thatwould best complete the statement.1. The fixity of idioms depends on .A. idiomaticityB. structureC. grammaticalityD. style2. Idioms are generally felt to be .A. formalB. informalC. casualD. intimate3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ”, is used.A. simileB. metonymyC. personificationD. juxtaposition4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by .A. linguistsB. poetsC. working peopleD. ruling class5. Forms and functions of idioms are .A. differentB. identicalC. not necessarily identicalD. not identical at all6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties.A. stylistic, affectiveB. social, regionalC. professional, culturalD. cultural, social7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literalmeaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.A. illogicalB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. logical8. Idioms nominal in nature function as .A. adverbsB. modifiersC. nounsD. adjectives9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is .A. simileB. personificationC. metonymyD. euphemism10. The tone implied byA. positiveC. neutral “a big cheeseB. interestingD. derogatory”is .II.Decide whether the following are true or false.( )1. Idioms are generally felt to be informal; therefore they are usually inappropriate for formal settings.( )2. The stylistic features of idioms are fixed and unchangeable.( )3. Idioms are peculiar to native culture and language.( )4. The fixity of idioms is absolute.( )5. The idiomaticity is gradable and may best be thought in terms of a scale.( )6. Idioms are fixed in structure and so can never be changed.( )7. Idioms are usually difficult to understand because the meanings of idioms are not in many cases the total of individual words.( )8. All idioms are used in their figurative senses.( )9. Since each idiom is a semantic whole, each can be replaced by a single word. ( )10. Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms, but there are many exceptions.III.Match the words and expressions in Column A with their rhetorical features in ColumnB.Column A Column B1. by hook and crook A. reiteration2. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl B. synecdoche3. play fast and loose C. rhyme4. like a rat in a hole D. personification5. fall into good hands E. hyperbole6. cut the ground from under sb. F. alliteration7. powder one ’s nose G. juxtaposition8. from cradle to grave H. repetition9.push and shove10. year in year out11. The pot calls the kettle black.12. a flood of tears I. euphemism J. metaphorK. simile L. metonymyIV. Identify the types of idiomatic variations in the following expressions.1.talk thirteen to the dozen2.It ’s an ill wind.3.fortune ’s wheel4. “The leopard! But he did change them, Dinny. ”“He did not, Auntie: he had no spots to change. ”5. Thank one’s starsV.Define the following terms.1.semi-idioms2.true idioms3.regular combinations4.sentence idioms5.phrase idiomsVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1. What is the difference between phraseological fusions and phraselogical unities2. How to understand “structural stability ” o f idioms3. How are idioms classified according to grammatical functionsVII. Analyze and comment on the following.1.Conway would have preferred to talk in Chinese, but so far he had not let it be knownthat he spoke any Eastern tongue; he felt it might be a useful card up his sleeve.Pick out the idiom (or its variation) in the sentence and make comments on it.2.The sudden death of his only child was a bolt from the blue to the old woman.Pick out the idiom in the sentence. Explain its meaning, effect, grammatical structure and functions, and rhetorical features.答案：I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the onethat would best complete the statement.1.AII. Decide whether the following are true or false.2.FIII. Match the words and expression in Column A with their rhetorical features in Column B.1. C2. F 4. K8. L 9. A 10. H 11. DIV. Identify the variation types about idioms involved in the following words and expressions.1.replacement2.shortening3.position-shifting4.dismembering5.deletionV. Define the following terms.1. semi-idiomsSemi-idioms are the idioms whose meanings are in a way related to the meanings of the constituents but are not themselves explicit.2. true idiomsTrue idioms are those whose meaning cannot be deduced from their individual constituents.3. regular combinationsRegular combinations are idioms whose meanings are understood from the literal meaningsof the constituents.4. sentence idiomsSentence idioms are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases.Each functions as a sentence.5. phrase idiomsPhrase idioms are lexemic idioms, each of which is identical with a part of speechas noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc. and functions as such.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1.What is the difference between phraseological fusions and phraselogical unitiesPhraseological unities refer to idioms, whose meanings are not the sum of meanings oftheir components but based on them, and thus may be understood from the components.Phraseological fusions are idioms, the meanings of which can never be deduced from the meanings of their constituents.2. What is meant by“structural stability” of idiomsThe structure of an idiom is to a large extent invariable, unlike free phrases. First, theconstituents of idioms cannot be replaced. Secondly, the word order cannot be inverted orchanged. Thirdly, the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article. Finally, many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.3. How are idioms classified according to grammatical functionsAccording to grammatical functions, idioms may be classified into five groups: idioms nominal in nature, idioms adjectival in nature, idioms verbal in nature, idioms adverbial in nature, and sentence idioms.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.1.Conway would have preferred to talk in Chinese, but so far he had not let it be knownthat he spoke any Eastern tongue; he felt it might be a useful card up his sleeve.Pick out the idiom (or its variation) in the sentence and make comments on it.“be a useful card up his sleeve” is a personal variant of“have a card up one’s sleeve”.The variation belongs to the type of dismembering. It is well used here to indicate that Conway is a person of wisdom, knowing how to take the advantage of the situation and manipulate people.2. The sudden death of his only child was a bolt from the blue to the old woman.Pick out the idiom in the sentence. Explain its meaning, effect, grammatical structureand functions, and rhetorical features.(1) The idiom is“a bolt from the blue.”(2)The idiom means a sudden unexpected incident, esp. a catastrophic one.(3)Its effect is to make the sentence concise and forcible.(4) Its grammatical structure is “n + prep + n ”, and it is nominal in nature and servesas the predicative.(5) It is a metaphor.。
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列哪个词属于多义词？A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 书2. 词汇的最小单位是：A. 词B. 语素C. 词组D. 句子3. 词汇的同义关系指的是：A. 词与词之间意义相同或相近B. 词与词之间意义相反C. 词与词之间意义无关D. 词与词之间意义有联系但不相同4. “绿色”一词在“绿色食品”中属于：A. 颜色词B. 形容词C. 抽象名词D. 专有名词5. “网络”一词在现代汉语中属于：A. 古汉语词汇B. 外来词C. 新词D. 专业术语6. 下列哪个词属于反义词？A. 快-慢B. 男-女C. 长-短D. 老-少7. 词汇的构成方式不包括：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译8. “美丽”一词的词性是：A. 名词B. 动词C. 形容词D. 副词9. “电脑”一词的构词方式是：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译10. 下列哪个词属于外来词？A. 电视B. 电话C. 网络D. 汽车二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 词汇学是研究语言中________的学科。
12. 词义的演变通常包括词义的________、________和________。
13. 词义的________是指词义在特定语境下临时改变的现象。
14. 词汇的________是指词义的扩大，能够涵盖更多的事物或现象。
15. 词汇的________是指词义的缩小，只能指特定的事物或现象。
三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）16. 简述词汇的构成方式有哪些？17. 简述词义演变的类型。
四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述词汇学在语言教学中的重要性。
19. 论述词汇的同义关系和反义关系在语言表达中的作用。
五、案例分析题（共40分）20. 请分析“手机”一词的词义演变过程，并讨论其对现代汉语词汇发展的影响。
（20分）21. 以“环保”为例，分析词汇的派生构成方式及其在现代社会中的应用。
词汇学试题
词汇学测试Quiz 2I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (90%)1. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of ______. ( D )A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above2. Grammatical context refers to ______ in which a word is used. ( C )A. vocabularyB. grammarC. syntactic structureD. semantic pattern3. Which of the following words is not formed through clipping? ( B )A Dorm B. Motel C. Gent D. Zoo4. _______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays. ( A )A. RadiationB. ConcatenationC. DerivationD. Inflection5. _____ refer to one of two or more words in the English language whi ch have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning. ( B )A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms6. The sense relation between the two words “tulip” and “flower”is ___ ___. ( A )A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy7. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound a nd meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/. ( A )A. HomographsB. HomophonesC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms8. The antonyms: male and female are ______. ( A )A. contrariesB. complementariesC. conversivesD. derivational antonyms9. From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it wa s endowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called ______. ( C )A. central meaningB. basic meaningC. primary meaningD.derived meaning10. “Happy” and “unhappy” are ____________. ( B )A. gradable antonymsB. root antonymsC. derivational antonymsD. conversives11. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its _____. ( D )A. formB. pronunciationC. spellingD. meaning12. The word “______” is an onomatopoetically motivated word. ( A )A. miaowB. swordC. laconicD. airmail13. ______, the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary i n comparison. ( A )A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoetically14. Based on ______ context, we can arrive at the meaning of “do a su m”. ( D )A. grammaticalB. lexicalC. culturalD. non-linguistic15. ______ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( A )A. LexicalC. Associative B. ConceptualD. Grammatical16. ______ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( A )A. PolysemyC. SynonymyA. hyponym,subordinateC. polysemant, monosemant B. HyponymyD. Homonymy B. superordinate, subordinate D. lower, upper 17. A______ term is general and a/an______ te rm is specific.( D )18. Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning bec ause the meaning is influenced immediately by the ______ context, and in m any cases by the whole______ as well.( D )A. lexical, linguistic contextC. grammatical, lexical context B. linguistic, speech situationD. lexical, ext ra-linguistic context19. Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context? ( A )A. It can be subdivided into grammatical context and non-linguistic contex t.B. It refers to physical situation or environment relating to the use of w ords.C. It embraces the people, time and place.D. It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.20. Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal contex t? ( D )A. Elimination of ambiguity.B. Indication for referents.C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D. All the above.21. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears and is known as ______ context. ( B )A. non-linguisticC. grammatical______ field of ?colours?. ( B )A. stylisticC. ellipticbetween the sign and meaning. ( C )A. 2C. 4its origin. ( D )A. onomatopoeicC. semantic B. linguisticD. lexical 22. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the B. semantic D. syntactic 23. In English there are ______ types of motivation that concerns the relationship B. 3 D.5 24. By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to B. morphological D. etymological25. Synonyms are classified into several kinds.The words such as start, be gin, and commence can be called ________ synonyms.( B )A.dialectalC.emotiveB.stylistic D.collocational。
（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案
（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案试题二第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following exampleA. lewd → ignoran tB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____.A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ .A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention tothe words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary whichconcentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write youranswers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。
最新英语词汇学-英语词汇学习题2及答案
试题二第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following exampleA. lewd → ignoran tB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____.A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ .A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。
词汇学期末考试题及答案
词汇学期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的核心对象是（）。
A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词义的最小单位是（）。
A. 语素B. 词C. 短语D. 句子答案：A3. 以下哪个词属于多义词？（）A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 笔答案：C4. 词义的演变通常不包括（）。
A. 词义扩大B. 词义缩小C. 词义转移D. 词义创新答案：D5. 以下哪个词属于外来词？（）A. 沙发B. 电脑C. 汽车D. 火车答案：A6. 词义的引申通常是基于（）。
A. 词的本义B. 词的引申义C. 词的转用义D. 词的比喻义答案：A7. 以下哪个词属于同义词？（）A. 快速和迅速B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A8. 以下哪个词属于反义词？（）A. 高和矮B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A9. 以下哪个词属于成语？（）A. 马到成功B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A10. 以下哪个词属于专业术语？（）A. 电脑B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律的学科。
2. 词义的演变包括词义扩大、词义缩小和词义转移。
3. 多义词是指一个词具有两个或两个以上相关或不相关的意义。
4. 外来词是指从其他语言借用过来的词。
5. 词义的引申通常是基于词的本义。
6. 同义词是指意义相同或相近的词。
7. 反义词是指意义相反或相对的词。
8. 成语是指由四个或四个以上汉字组成的固定短语，具有特定的意义和用法。
9. 专业术语是指在特定领域内使用的具有特定意义的词。
10. 词汇的创新是指根据语言发展的需要，创造出新的词汇。
三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述词汇学的研究内容。
词汇学主要研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律，包括词的构成、词义的演变、词的分类、词的用法等方面。
2. 简述词义演变的类型。
全国高等教育自学考试模拟试题《英语词汇学》(共五套).docx
全国高等教育自学考试（一） 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ______ group of letters printed or written horizontallyacross a piece of pape 匸 ( A. smallB. meaningfulC ・ vocalD ・ large 2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including )informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. ( A. TerminologyB ・Jargon C ・ SlangD. Argot3. T'm sure that they will come today ；There are content words in the above sentence.( A. 2 B.3 C.4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( A. Acronym.B. Blending.C ・ Elevation.D ・ Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT _______ ・( )A. kungfu dinner D. Watergate6. In modem times, _____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. (C. fast foodA. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansionD ・creation7. The plural morphme "-s" is realizd by/iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT A. /s/ c. /z/B./g/ D./^/8. The word “idealistic” comprises _____ m orphemes ・( A. 1B.29. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ______ .( )A. happier C. harderB. worker D. taller10. "Washing machine” is a word formed by ____ ・( )A. prefixationC・ conversionll.“TV”isa(n).( ) B. compounding D. blendingA. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix "mis-" in the word "mistrust" is a ______ refix ・()A. negative C. pejorativeB. reversative D. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning^? ()A. Reference・B. Concept.C. Sense・D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away" has the same ______ but different stylistic values. ( )A. referenceB. conceptC・ motivation D. style15. The word u airmaiT" is motivated. ( )A. onomatopocically C. semanticallyB. etymologically D. morphologically16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But __ , all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguistically C. grammaticallyB. semantically D. pragmatically17, ___ , the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning・()A. Onomatopoeically C・ SynchronicallyB. Diachronically D. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their _____________ ( )A. ideologyC・ mythology B. etymology D. methodology19. Vocabulary is the most ______ e lement of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.A.unbalancedB. unstableC・ unhinged D.undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “ _____ 5,and jump means ( )A.janitorB. partnerC・ collector D. observer21 ・ In the sentence "Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now." The word ^rown can be classified into ________ sense of transfe r.( )A.physicalB. objectiveC・ sensational D. subjective22.In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs・ This is called ________ context. ( )A.nonJinguisticB. 1 exicalC・ grammatical D. cultural23.The sentence "He is a hard businessman/5 is ambiguous due to _____ ■( )A.grammatical structureB. lexical contextC・ homonymy D. polysemy24.The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire ______ •( )A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25.Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? ( )A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech・26.In nothing flat as an idiom is _____ i n nature・()A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27・ The idiom "failure is the mother of success" is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned・( )A. simileB. metaphorC・ metonymy D. personification28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook?( )A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary・C. A Chinese-English Dictionary・D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary・29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary ・( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use ____ t o mark the pronunciation. A. British Phonetic Alphabet B. American Phonetic Alphabet C. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions ofaffixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)111. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____ form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _____ language ・43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ______ m orphemes ・ 44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called ______ ・ 45. Though having little lexical meaning, _____ words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____ of the whole set alter;47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ______ . 4& The sentence T like Mary better than Jean." will lead to ______ . 49. The fixity of idioms depends on the ____ ・50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries.A( ) 31 ・ appreciativemeanings ( )32. parent/child ( ) 33. pejorative prefixes ( )34. man/woman( ) 35・ hyperactive/superfreeze ( ) 36. collocative meaning ( ) 37. decompose/unwrap ( ) 38. pejorative meaning ()39.radios/desks( )40.1 ocative prefixes BA. maltreatB. Jap/niggerC. tremble (not quiver) with fearD. famous/determinedE ・ extraordinaiy/telecommunication E prefixes of degree G. inflectional affixes H ・ reversative prefixes L contradictory termsJ. relative termsIV.Define the following terms. (10%)51.borrowed words52・ conversion53.motivation54.narrowing55.replacement of idiomsV.A nswer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are derivational affixes?57.What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point・58.What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty" is very interesting.59.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal・VL Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60.Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[bj The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61.State the roles of context in detemiination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples・高等教育自学考试（二）英语词汇学试题 课程代码：10059I .Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20%, 1 point for each)1. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in ________________ w ords.()A. derivationalB. functionalC. inflectionalD. compound2. It is estimated that English borrowings constitutewere recognized as languages of literary heritage and great scholarship. B. Latin and FrenchC. English and FrenchD. Latin and German4. The word naturalization can be broken down intoA. 60B. 80 C ・50 D ・70A.2B. 3C.4D.55. Words may fall into content words and functional words byA. notion B ・ originC. frequencyD. meaning6. The process of affixation is also known asA. expansionB. inflection C ・conversionD. derivation7. The word dog may have quite different meanings indifferent cultures. (A. denotativeB. affective C ・ lexical D. grammatical8. Idioms are, in general, felt to be stylisticallyA ・ formal B. frozen C ・ informal D ・ neutral 9. The process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use is calledA. degradationB. transferC. elevationD. narrowing10. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the _________________ meaning of a word ・()percent of the modem English vocabulary.()3. During the Renaissance, A. Latin and Greekmorphemes.A. grammaticalB. associativeC. lexicalD. conceptual11. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the ________________ meaning. ()A. grammatical C. lexical12. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes such as -er in employer have a______________ semantic role. ( )A. positiveB. bigC. negativeD. small13. Of the following sentences, it is most appropriate to say: ()A. "a man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' B ・ "a man alters his habits, changes his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' C ・ "a man changes his habits, varies his conduct, and alters his manner of speaking. D. "a man varies his habits, alters his conduct, and changes his manner of speaking.， 14. _____________ antonyms such as present /absent are mutually exclusive ・ ()A. ContraryB. RelativeC. ContradictoryD. Gradable15. The process by which a word of wider meaning acquired a specialized sense is called _________________ ・ ( )A. naiTOwingB. elevationC. extensionD. transfer16. Words created through back formation are mostly __________________ ・ ( )A. nounsB.adjectivesC. adverbsD. verbs17. In a broad sense, idioms in elude but are not limited to the following: ( )A. proverbs, colloquialisms, free phrasesB. colloquialisms, catch phrases, slang expressionsC. regular combinations, catch phrases, slang expressionsD. free phrases, colloquialisms, catch phrases18. The most productive means of conversion takes place _______________ ・ ( )A. from adjectives to nounsB. between nouns and verbsC. from adjectives to verbsD. between adjectives and verbs19. The idiom part and parcel manifests phonetic manipulation/feature of ________________ ・ ( )A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. alliteration20. The main body of a dictionaiy is the ______________ of words. ()B. denotative D. connotativeB. p ronunciationsD. usage notesII eDecide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)21 ・ Compounds, such as silkworm and easy chair, function grammatically as a single word. ()22. It is incorrect in saying that free morphemes are free roots. ()23. As an early language, Celtic made a big contribution to the English vocabulary ・()24. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word ・ ()25. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym ・ ()26. The idiom earn one" s bread involves the metaphorical use of metonymy. () 27. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes serve to change the grammatical function ofthe stem.()2& Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability; they have limited productivity and collocability.()29. Conversion from noun to verb is not as productive as that of adjective to verb ・ ( )30. By form, we mean both its pronunciation and spelling ・ ()III <Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)3 l.In the study of words, it is important to know about the ________________ and growth of the vocabulary.32.Strictly speaking, idioms are not readily understandable from their _________________ meanings of the individual elements ・ 33. While applying rules of word-formation, we should remember that there are always _______________ .34. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, with the help of _______________ 9 it can refer to something specific ・ 35・ Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _______________ ・IV • Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to sense relations. (10%, 2 points for each) AB( ) 36・ expand A. doctor( ) 37. predecessorB. mare( ) 3& sea C. successor() 39・ surgeon D. see( ) 40. ponyE. enlargeV eStudy the given words and decide how each word is formed. (10%5 2 points for each)A. spellings C ・definitions ( )42.bookmark ( )43.orate ( )44.doc ( )45.medicare ( )VI.Answer the following questions* (15%)46.Exemplify, with one example each, the four types of clipping. (4%)47.Illustrate briefly the characteristics of idioms. (5%)4& Exemplify, with two pairs each, the three types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, and relative terms.(6%)VILAnalyze and comment on the given sentence. (15%)49・ On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.全国高等教育自学考试（三）英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30% )1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarilywith human ______ equipment.() A. visual B. vocal C. physicalD. mental2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by _______ ・( )A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves ・( )A. TerminologyB. ArchaismsC. SlangD. Jargon4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( )A. Creation.B. Semantic changes.C. Clipping.D. Borrowing.5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ________ ・( ) dinnerB. earthriseC. moon walkD. space shuttle6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _____________ set.( )A. Western C ・ American7. The plural morpheme is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT B. bags D. bottles & The word "prisoner” comprises B.2 D.49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPTB. African D. NorthernA. beds C. cheatsmorphemes ・( A. 1 C.310. The prefix M over-n in the word "overweight" is a prefix ofA. orientation and attitude B・ degree orsizeC. time and order D・number11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is calledA. back-formationB. acronymyC. conversion12. "Champagne”，a common noun, comes from a D・clipping•(A. name of a person B・ name of a placeC. name of a bookD. tradename13. is the relationship between language and the world. (A. Reference B・ConceptC. Sense D・Motivation14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and itsA. formB. pronunciationC. spelling15. The word “D. meaning” is an onomatopoetically motivated word・(A. miaowB. swordC. laconicD. ainnail16. In modem English, an overwhelming majority of words areA. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodical,the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison・(17.A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoetically18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, is the strongest of all. (A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desire19.There are five types of meaning changes and among which ________ a re the most common・( )A. degradation and elevationB. transfer and extensionC. elevation and narrowingD. extension and narrowing20.Due to ______ r eason, a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed.( )A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in nature21 ・ Among the following words only generalized.()is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has becomeA. journalB. wifeC ・ accidentD ・ disease22. Based on context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum” ・(A. grammatical B ・ lexicalD. non-linguistic23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat.” is ambiguous due to _____C. culturalA. grammatical structureB. hyponymyC. cultural influenceD. non-linguistic context24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell.H The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of・()A. definitionB ・synonymy D. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech?()C. antonymyA. Metaph or.B ・Personification. C. Euphemism.26. Never do things by halves is a (n) D ・Shortening.•( ) C. sentence idiom D. adverbial idiom in nature27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden 11 from the original form isA. replacementB. position-shiftingD ・ shortening 28. The following are the unique features of Collins CO BUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPT C ・ additionA. definitionB. extra columnC. usage examplesD. clear grammar codes29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionaiy (1983) is a (n) ___________ dictionary ・(A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995) ?( A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries. B. The new edition revised some old entries.C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.D. The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.II • Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10% )A B()31・ honeybee A. difference in application()32・ handy/manual B・ difference in denotation()33・ upon C. bound morpheme()34. rich/wealthy D・ clipping()35・ medicare E. fimctional word()36. answer/reply F content word()37. flu G. compounding()38. steel H. initialism()39.VOA L blending()40. idealistic J. difference in connotationI]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10 % )41._____ are newly-created words or expressions,, or words that have taken on new meanings.42.In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a______ language to the present analytic language・43.The morphemes can be grouped into _______ morphemes and bound morphemes・44.The prefix n un-n in the word n unwrap n is a ________ prefix・45.Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ________ meaning and associative meaning・46.Hyponymy can be described in terms of _______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates・47.In Old English, animals and their _______share the same name.48.Stmctural patterns where a particular word is used is called ________ context.49.Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into _______ verbs and other verb phrases.50.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary・IV.Define the following terms. (10% )51.bound morphemes52.affixes53・ blending54.unabridged dictionary55.dismembering of idiomV.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?57.How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they?58.What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point.59.How do you use a dictionary to the full?VI.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come yoursausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? H Butcher replied: ”Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. H61.Analyze and comment on the following statement.As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.高等教育自学考试（四）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost alwaysA. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically and have limitedA. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and .(A. dynamicB. paradigmaticC. diachronicD. syntagmatic4. Old English is a highly language just like modern German/A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the invaded England in 1066.(A. RomansB. DanesC. NormansD. Jutes6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable and of its vocabulary/A. complexity, heterogeneityB. purity, simplicityC・ naturalness, simplicity D・ naturalness, conventionality7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into morphemes andmorphemes.(A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, boundis the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.(A. rootB. stemC. 1 exemeD. headword9. In English, bound roots are either or ・(B.Greek, ScandinavianA. Latin, French10.The chief function of suffixation is to ______A.change the word-classB.change the meaning of the stemC・ change the semantic function of the stemD. all the above11._____________________________________________________ Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or _________________________________________________ affixes to stems.( )A.derivational B・inflectionalC.boundD. locative12.Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______ .( )A.prefixationB. compoundingC.clippingD. suffixation13.Associative meaning comprises several types except _______ .( )A.connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC.affective meaningD. lexical meaning14.“MuctT and “many” have the same _______ .( )A. concept B・motivationC. collocationD. sense15._____ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )A. LexicalB. ConceptualC. Associative D・ Grammatical16. ____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )A. Polysemy B・ HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy17.The difterences between synonyms boil down to three areas: ________ .( )A.elevation, connotation, applicationB.connotation, elevation, degradationC.connotation, denotation, applicationD.amelioration, deterioration, denotation18.A ____ term is general and a/an _______ term is specific^ )A. hyponym,subordinateB. superordinate, subordinateC. polysemant, monosemantD. lower, upper19. ____ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )A. Proper nouns in the pastB. Polysemic words of modern EnglishC. Technical terms in the pastD. All the above20.If a word which used to have a more _________ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )A. specific B・ pejorativeC. generalD. appreciative21 ・ Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______ names due to _______ r easons.( )A. appealing, economic B・ vulgar, psychologicalC. appealing, psychologicalD. non・affbchng, psychological22.Ambiguity is caused mainly by ______ context.( )A. lexicalB. historicalC. grammaticalD. inadequate23._____ and ______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )A. Antonymy, synonymy B・Hyponymy, homonymyC. Superordinates, subordinatesD. Lexical words, grammatical words24.Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the_____ context, and in many cases by the whole ________ a s well.( )A. lexical, linguistic contextB. linguistic, speech situationC. grammatical, lexical contextD. lexical, extra-linguistic context25.Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than _______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )A. one B・twoC. threeD. four26.Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes _______ .( )A. lexical manipulationB. stylistic manipulationC. phonetic manipulation D・figures of speech27.The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the _______ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )A. logicalB. lexicalC. illogicalD. grammatical28•厶ongman Lexicon of Contemporary English was compiled on the principle of _______ .( )A. pronunciation B・fieldsC. spellingD. usage29._____is a monolingual dictionary.( )A.Oxford Advance d L earners Dictionary of Contemporaiy English with Chinese TranslationB.New English-Chinese DictionatyC.Chinese-English DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English30.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______ .( )A.monolingual dictionaries B・ general dictionariesC. encyclopedic dictionariesD. both A and BIIL Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)41.Stylistics is concerned with the user's ________ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special efleets.42.Of all the borrowed words in English, about ________ a re from French・43.Free morphemes and free ______ are identical.44.It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with itthe different range of ______ that it originally carried.45.Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to _________ meaning・IV.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)Example: disobey (affixation)46.honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )48. donn ( ) 49. AIDS ( )。
英语词汇学试题复习参考（分章节）
英语词汇学试题复习参考（分章节）英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. StylisticsaA. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ______,etymology, stylistics,________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______./doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed wordsIVVVII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans. Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I. 1. A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CII.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabularyIII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIV.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaismsI. Each1.2.3.4.5.6.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from thedead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to theItalic through an intermediate language called _______.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?I.II.III.IV.(1)(2)(3)I．1.A.2.3.4.A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________./doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________./doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.13.A.14.15.19.anotherviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(1) I’(5) The1.IV(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.9.A.A.16.17.18.19.explains the meaning of the word.20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )V.41.VI.VII.I.II.III.IV.(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’,‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, whichmake them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylisticvalues.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Wordsthat have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words,it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.2.3.4.senseA.10.11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms/doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html position and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in aconversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning .The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their ____, the secondprincipal consideration is ________.17.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one ______whereas homonyms are listed asseparate ______.18.The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas : _______, connotation ,and _____.19.Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific wordis20.’. III.IV31.neckV.Define the following terms .41. radiation 42. concatenation 43. antonymy 44. hoponymy 45. semantic fieldVI.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46.What are the origins of homonyms ?47.What are sources of synonyms ?48.What are the characteristics of antonyms ?VII.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Divide the following words into four groups and give the superordinate terms:bark, boat, drum, harp, lute. Microscope. Mirror, destroyer, cruiser, piano, tectangle, rhomboid, rhombus, ship, spectacles, spectroscope, square, telescope, trapezium, violin.50. Write the following words into a tree-like graph:vegetable, meat, pork, beef, turnip, carrot, bread, food, cake, cornflakes, cereal.Key to exercises :I. 1. C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14. A 15.CII.16. etymology, semantic relatedness 17.headword, entries 18.denotation, application 19. superordinate, subordinate 20.field theoryIII.21. F 22.J 23.E 24.A 25.G 26.C 27.B 28.I 29. D 30.HIV.31. radiation 32. perfect synonym 33. concatenation 34. homograph 35. shortening 36. homophone 37. change in sound and spelling6.The meaning of meat changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation7.The meaning of fond changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation8.The original meaning of minister is ______.A. head of a ministryB. a tutorC.a farmerD. servant9.The original meaning of success is ______.A.resultB. progressC. eventD. incident10.The meaning of churl changed by mode of _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing11.The original meaning of knave is _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing12.The original meaning of silly is ______.A. sadB. jealousC. happyD. cold13.Loud colours belongs to ______.A.transfer of sensationsB. transfer between abstract and concrete meaningsC.transfer from objective to subjectiveD. transfer from subjective to objective14. Dreadful and hateful belong to _______.A. transfer from subjective to objectiveB. transfer of sensationC. transfer from objective toII.III.30. By analogy ( ) J. sillyIV.Study the following sentence and identify 1)types of transfer 2) types of clues for inferring word meaning.31. As the fighting on all fronts reached its peak, the economy neared its nadu.32. Their greatest fear was of a conflagration, since fire would destroy their flimsy wooden settlement before help could arrive.33. Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Ms. Mary, for example, speaks five languages.34. He is listening to that sweet music.35. It’s just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors ---those tiny parts of acomputer commonly known as ‘silicon chips’.36. Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggestedby Professor Birdwhistell.37. He is the hope of the family.38. In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’westers, the storm was so heavy that they werewet through .39. Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather tan in the geocentric theory.40. The village had most of the usual amenities :a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medicalcenter, and a school.V.Define the following terms.41.VI.VII.I.II.21.IVV.VI.50. This sentence shows one of the functions of context , that is a clear indication ofChapter 9 English Idioms (练习7 )I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Jack of all trades is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature2.Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature3.How are you is a(n) __________.A.idiom nominal in natureB. idiom verbal in natureB.idiom adjective in nature D. sentence idiom4.tooth and nail is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature5.Beyond the pale is an idiom _________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature6.Play fast and loose shows the feature of ________.A. repetitionB. reiterationC. juxtapositionD. rhyme7.A．8.9.10.11.A.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience _______changes such as different forms ofverbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number and so on.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) phonetic manipulation 2) lexical manipulation 3) figures of speech.A B21. Alliteration ( ) A. by and by22. Simile ( ) B. a dark horse23. Rhyme ( ) C. up and down24. Reiteration ( ) D. toss and turn25. Metaphor ( ) E. like a rat in a hole26. Repetition ( ) F. fair and square27. Synecdoche ( ) G. live by one’s pen28. Juxtaposition ( ) H. bits and pieces29. Personification ( ) I. earn one’s bread30. Metonymy ( ) J. Failure is the mother of success.IV.study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of idioms 2) variations of idioms.31. keep (break ) one’s word ( ) 32. Never do things by halves. ( )33. for good(and all) ( ) 34. through thick and thin ( )35. pin back sb’s ears =pin sb’s ears back ( ) 36. sing a different tune ( )VII.VIII.IX.I.1.AIVX.‘no question’instead.(4)Many idioms are grammatically unanalysable. For example, diamond cut diamond ( two parties areequally matched ) is grammatically incorrect, for normally the verb cut should take the third person singular-s as the subject diamond is singular.50.(1) This statement is not true.(2) Characterized by semantic unity and structural stability, idioms do not allow changes as a rule . Butstructural stability is not absolute. When idioms are used in actual context, they do experiencegrammatical changes such as different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number and so on.(3) Occasionally, we may find changes in constituents of idioms : addition, deletion, replacement,position-shifting, dismembering, etc.Chapter 10 English Dictionaries (练习8)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement and the letter in the bracket.1.The dictionary that contains information on all branches of knowledge or treats comprehensively aparticular branch of knowledge usually in articles arranged alphabetically is called __________.A. lexiconB. concordanceC. yearbookD. encyclopaedia2. A reference book listing alphabetically arranged along with information about their forms,pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings, and syntactical and idiomatic uses is called3.4.5.A.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.A. 1623B. 1775C. 1828D. 192813.Universal Etymological English Dictionary by Nathan Bailley was published in____.A. 1623B. 1721C. 1775D. 182814.A Dictionary of the English Language by Sam Johnson was published in ______.A. 1721B. 1735C. 1775D. 182815.The American Dictionary of the English language by Noah Webster was published in ____ .A. 1775B. 1785C. 1800D. 1828/doc/44db1986bc1e650e52ea551810a6f524cdbfcbce.html plete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book . III.16. The dominant sense of the word dictionary by English-speaking people is a book which presents______order the words of English , with information as to their spelling, pronunciation , meaning,usage, rules of grammar, and in some, their etymology.17. Dictionary is closely related to ______, which deals with the same problems: the form, meaning, usage and origins of vocabulary units.18. The target population of monolingual dictionaries are general _______or second language and foreign learners who have reached the intermediate and advanced stages.19. Linguistic dictionaries aim at ______ and explaining their usages in the language,.20.Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both ________and encyclopedia.III.Write the full name of the following grammar abbreviations and put them into Chinese.21.. c.f. ____________ 22. comb.f. __________ 23. fem. _________ 24. mas. ______IV.31.V.VI．1)610Key to exercises:I. 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.DII. 16. alphabetical 17. lexicology 18. native speakers 19. defining words 20. linguistic dictionaries III. 21. confer(参看) 22. combining form (构词成分)23. feminine (阴性) 24. masculine (阳性)25. negative (否定词)26. prefix(前缀) 27. suffix 28. auxiliary verb 29 possessive 30 transitive verbIV. 31. Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary 32. Chamber Universal Learners’ Dictionary33. Collins English Learner’s Dictionary 34. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English35. Longman Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English 36. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionart of Current English 37. OxfordDictionary of Current Idiomatic English38. Random House Dictionary of the English Language 39. Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary 40. Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American LanguageV-VI.( See the course book )VI.49. 1) 千⾥之堤,溃于蚁⽳。
词汇学试题答案
词汇学试题答案一、选择题1. 词汇学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的词义变化C. 语言的句法结构D. 语言的词汇组成及其变化答案：D2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的范畴？A. 新词的产生B. 词义的演变C. 语言的修辞手法D. 词汇的借用答案：C3. “同义词”和“反义词”在词汇学中的关系是：A. 同义关系B. 对立关系C. 互补关系D. 包含关系答案：B4. 在汉语中，“苹果”和“iPhone”这两个词之间的关系最接近于：A. 一般与特殊B. 全体与部分C. 具体与抽象D. 同义与异义答案：A5. 词汇的多义性是指：A. 一个词只有一个含义B. 一个词有两个或以上的含义C. 一个词的含义随着语境变化D. 一个词的含义完全由字典定义答案：B二、填空题1. 词汇学的研究可以帮助我们更好地理解和掌握________的构成及其发展变化。
答案：语言2. 在词汇学中，________是指一个词汇在不同语境中可以表达不同的含义。
答案：词义的多样性3. 词汇的________是指词汇在语言发展过程中的增加、减少或形式的变化。
答案：演变4. “书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟”这句话中的“书山”和“学海”是________的运用。
答案：比喻5. 一个词的不同含义之间存在着某种联系，这种联系称为词义的________。
答案：关联三、简答题1. 请简述词汇学在语言学习和教学中的作用。
词汇学为语言学习者提供了一个系统的理论框架，帮助他们理解词汇的构成、词义的变化以及词汇在语境中的使用。
在教学中，教师可以利用词汇学的研究成果，设计更加有效的教学方法，如通过词根词缀的学习来扩展词汇量，或者通过词义的辨析来提高学生的语言理解能力。
此外，词汇学还可以帮助教师识别和解释学习者在词汇使用中可能出现的错误，从而更好地指导学习。
2. 举例说明词汇的借用现象。
词汇的借用是指一种语言从另一种语言中引入词汇，这些词汇可能是完全借用，也可能是经过一定程度的改造。
全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案测评
全国202X年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832本卷子总分值100分，考试时间150分钟.考生答题考前须知：1.本卷全部真题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在卷子上无效。
卷子空白处和反面均可作草稿纸。
2.第—局部为选择题。
必须对应卷子上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡〞的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二局部为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间。
超出答题地域无效。
第—局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the characteristics of the basic word stockA.All national character.B. Productivity.C. Stability.D. Terminology.2.Which of the following statements is NOT trueA.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency.B.Words may fall into content words and functional words by notion.C.Words may fall into loan-words and notional words by the degree of assimilation.D.Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by origin.3.Which of the following is NOT true about the description of the relationship between sound and meaningA.There is intrinsic relationship between sound and meaning.B.The symbolic connection of a sound and its meaning is almost always arbitrary.C.The relationship between sound and meaning is conventional.D.In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.4.In the Western set,____is the modern language derived from Hellenic.tinB. GreekC. RussianD. Spanish5.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the English vocabularyA.English is more closely related to German than French.B.Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.C.Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.D.In Early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.6.From the historical overview of the English vocabulary, the period of Old English is____.A. from 55B.C. to 410 B. from 450 to 1150C. from 1150 to 1500D. from 1500, then up to now7.Which of the following words does NOT have inflectional affixesA. Happier.B. Worker.C. Harder.D. Taller.8.The word “idea listic〞comprises____morpheme(s).A.1B.2C.3D.49.Which of the following words is NOT a stemA. Nation.B. National.C. International.D. Internationalists.10.The word “sandwich〞now denotes a popular fast food. It originates from John Montague, Fourth Earl of Sandwich in 18th century. This example shows one of the sources of English vocabulary is____.A. compoundB. proper nounsC. back-formationD. conversion11.Which of the following words is the example of blendingA. Motel.B. Sandwich.C. Flu.D.AIDS.12.Which of the following words is NOT a noun compoundA. Moon walk.B. Ten-storey.C. Outbreak.D. Up-bringing.13.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. This is called____.A. onomatopoeic motivationB. morphological motivationC. semantic motivationD. etymological motivation14.a) They chucked a stone at the cops, and then did a bunk with the loot,b) After casting a stone at the police, they absconded with the money.The above two sentences have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in____meaning.A. connotativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocative15.____meaning indicates the speaker's attitude towards the person or thing in questions.A. ConceptualB. StylisticC. AffectiveD. Denotative16.Words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning are____.A.homographsB. homophonesC. perfect homonymsD. hyponyms17.Words “change〞，“alter〞and “vary〞are similar in denotation，but embrace different shades of meaning. They are____.A. absolute synonymsB. complete synonymsC. full synonymsD. relative synonyms18.Words like “red, orange, yellow, green，black，etc.〞make up the____of “colours〞.A. synonymsB.hyponymsC. sense relationsD.semantic field19.V ocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and____.A. pronunciationB.contentC. spellinge20.The meaning of the word “criticize〞has changed from “apprais e〞to “find fault with〞. Such a change is called____.A. elevationB.generalizationC. extensionD.degradation21.The word “meat〞originally meant ‘‘food’，，but now has come to mean “flesh of animals〞. This is an example to illustrate____of meaning.A. generalizationB. narrowingC. degradationD. elevation22.In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the____ in which it occurs.A. structureB. sentenceC. phraseD. clause23.The word “do〞means “brush〞in “do one’s teeth〞，while it means “arrange〞in “do the flowers〞.The above example shows that____affects the meaning of a word.A. lexical contextB. grammatical contextC. non-linguistic contextD. structural context24.Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of contextA.Elimination of ambiguity.B.Indication of referents.C.Formation of ambiguity.D. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.25.Which of the following is NOT one of the variations of idiomsA. Repetition.B. Dismembering,C. Addition.D. Shortening.26 .“Thr ough thick and thin〞is a(n)____.A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in natureC. sentence idiomD. adverbial idiom in nature27.There is a____in the idiom “by hook and by crook〞as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.A. simileB. reiterationC. repetitionD. rhyme28.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known____dictionary.A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic29.When we choose a dictionary, we should pay attention to the following aspects EXCEPT____.A. unabridged or abridgedB. British or AmericanC. early or lateD. monolingual or bilingual30.Which of the following is NOT true about a Chines e-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995)A.The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.B.The new edition revised some old entries.C.The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries,D.The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.非选择题局部考前须知：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在真题卷上。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。
7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。
8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。
9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。
10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。
三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。
13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。
15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。
参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。
12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。
例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。
词汇学考试题2
词汇学考试题2湖北中医学院《英语词汇学》试卷适⽤专业及层次（由出卷教研室填写）：英语专业本科姓名：班级：学号：（此试卷共5页，答案请填写在答题纸上，请将最佳答案填在答题纸对应的题号下，答案填写在试卷上者答题⽆效）(09-10学年第1学期 2010.1)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.The relationship between the sound and meaning of a word is .A. logicalB. arbitrary，conventionalC. certainD. objective2. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages in the following places except .A. EuropeB. the Near EastC. IndiaD. Africa3. Words produced through affixation constitute of all the new words.A. 20% to 30%B. 30% to 40%C. 40% to 50%D. 10% to 20%4.The chief function of prefixation is to .A. change meanings of the stemsB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above5. The “house” in “the peasant housed him” belongs to theconversion .A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above6.A concept has referring expressions.A. oneB. manyC. a fewD. none of the above7. The grammatical meanings of a word refer to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationship such as .A. part of speech of wordsB. singular and plural meaning of nounsC. tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional formsD. all the above8. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from angles.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four9.In radiation，the secondary meaning of a word is derived from the primary meaning of a word by .A. transferB. extensionC. specializationD. all the above and others10. A legal term “ Alibi” signifying “plea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed” now means “excuse”. This change ofword-meaning is called .A. transferB. narrowingC. extensionD. degradation11.Context clues have ones in all.A. sevenB. sixC. eightD. five12. is not the characteristics of idioms.A. TersenessB. ExpressivenessC. VividnessD. Complication13. idioms are characterized by semantic and structural stability.A. All theB. FewC. None ofD. Not all the14.Linguistic dictionaries usually cover such areas as .A. spelling and pronunciationB. meaning and grammatical functionC. usage and etymologyD. all the above15.The main body of a dictionary is of words. （）A. pronunciationB. spellingC. definitionD. usageII . Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16. According to suffixation theory，“villager” is called denominal noun and “employer” is called noun.17. Lexical meaning and meaning make up the word meaning.18. Absolute synonyms are restricted to highly .19. Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of meaning.20. Linguistic context includes lexical context and .III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes；2）types of meaning；3）language branches and 4）features of idioms.（10%）A B21.celtic （）a. reiteration22.minibus （）b. juxtaposition23.extension （）c. narrowing24.meat（flesh of animals）（）d. alliteration25.elevation （）e. Irish26.degradation （）f . rhyme27.might and main （）g. knight（rank below baronet）28.wear and tear （）h. morphological motivation29.pick and choose （）i. churl（uncultivated or mean person）30.rain or shine （）j. mill（place where things are made）IV . Study the following words or expressions and identify1）types of bound morphemes underlined；2）types of word formations；3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idiom.（10%）31. cooked （）32. employer （）33. meeting-room （）34. record-breaking （）35. cut and dried （）36. tooth and nail （）37. to wolf （）38. telex （）39. takes（verb）（）40. home —— a dwelling place （）V. Define the following terms.（10%）41. allomorph42. blending43. adjective suffix44. connotative meaning45. motivationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the answer sheet.（12%）46. What are the differences between homonyms and polysemants？47. What are the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning？48.How does context provide clues for inferring word-meaning？VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the answer sheet.（18%）49. He is as poor as a church mouse.Pick out the idiom in this sentence，then point out its structure，grammatical function and figure of speech.50.（1）“I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.”A B C（2）“I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of senator Buckley.”A B CStudy these two sentences，and explain what relationship is between each corresponding part in the twosentences？Which sentence is better？Why？（100 Words）湖北中医学院《英语词汇学》试卷答题纸姓名：班级：学号：I. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%, 2×15)II .Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%，2×5）16．17． 18．19．20． III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B （10%，1×10）21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.IV . Study the following words or expressions and identify the types （10%，1×10）31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.V. Define the following terms. (10%, 2×5)41．42．43．44．45． VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. (12%, 4×3)46．47．48．VII. Analyze and comment on the following.（18%, 9×2）49.50.英语词汇学试卷参考答案I.1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.CII.16.deverbal 17.grammatical 18.specialized vocabulary 19.widening20.grammatical contextIII. 21.e 22.h 23.j 24.c 25.g 26.i 27.d 28.f 29.a 30.bIV. 31.inflectional affixes32.suffixes/derivational affixes33.noun compound，n + n34.adjective compound，n +v-ing35.idiom adjectival in nature/adjective idiom36.idiom adverbial in nature/adverb idiom37.conversion，noun to verb38.blending，head +head39.grammatical meaning40.conceptual meaningV.41.One of the variants that realize a morpheme.42. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.43. The suffix that is added to the stem，whatever class it belongs to，the result will be an adjective.44. Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.45. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.VI.46.（1）Homonym refers to different words which happen to share the same form and polysemant is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings.（2 分）（2）Homonyms are from different sources. A polysemant is from the same source.（1 分）（3）The various meanings of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning. Meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another.（1 分）47. 要点：（1）Historical reason，ideas，scientific knowledge and so on. Change in the course of time. word-meaning also changes.（2 分）（2）Class reason. Different classes have different languages and attitudes.（1 分）（3）Psychological reason. People change word-meaning owing to various psychological motives.（1 分）48. 要点：Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows：（1）Definition（2）Explanation（3）Example（4）Synonymy（5）Antonymy（6）Hyponymy（7）Relevant details（8）Word structureVII.49.（1）The idiom is “as poor as a church mouse”.（2 分）（2）Its structure is：as+ a+ as+ n.（3 分）（3）Its grammatical function：adjective idiom as predicative in this sentence.（2 分）（4）simile（2 分）50.（1）The relationship between corresponding parts is hyponymy.（3 分）（2）Subordinates are used in sentence（2），thus sentence（2）is better. Subordinates are concrete，precise and vivid.（6 分）。
大学词汇学试题及答案
大学词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "chronic" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AcuteB. TemporaryC. SeasonalD. Chronic2. In the context of a business meeting, "feasibility" refers to the:A. Ability to flyB. Ability to be doneC. Ability to swimD. Ability to run3. "Paradox" is a term that is associated with:A. A simple truthB. A complex lieC. A situation that contradicts itselfD. A straightforward problem4. The term "epidemic" is used to describe a:A. Single occurrenceB. Small groupC. Widespread occurrenceD. Limited occurrence5. "Symbiotic" relationships are characterized by:A. Mutual harmB. Mutual benefitC. One-sided benefitD. No interaction6. "Euphemism" is a term used to describe:A. A harsh truthB. A polite lieC. A direct statementD. A hidden meaning7. "Intrinsic" value refers to the value that is:A. Externally imposedB. Internally inherentC. Externally visibleD. Internally hidden8. The word "analogous" is used to describe something that is:A. Completely differentB. Partially similarC. Exactly the sameD. Totally unrelated9. "Dichotomy" refers to a division into:A. Three partsB. Two partsC. Four partsD. Five parts10. "Ephemeral" is a term that is used to describe somethingthat is:A. Long-lastingB. Short-livedC. EternalD. Timeless二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The opposite of "visible" is _______.12. A synonym for "unpredictable" is _______.13. The term "hierarchy" refers to a _______ of authority or rank.14. "Ambiguous" means having more than one _______.15. "Chronology" is the arrangement of events in the order of their _______.16. "Catastrophe" is a term used to describe a sudden event causing great _______.17. "Democracy" is a system of government by the whole_______.18. "Eloquence" is the quality of speaking or writing that is fluent and _______.19. "Frugality" is the quality of being economical with money or resources, often to an _______ extent.20. "Hypothesis" is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further _______.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. Define the term "metaphor" and provide an example.22. Explain the difference between "allegory" and "simile".23. What does the term "prose" refer to in literature?24. Describe the concept of "synecdoche" and give an example.四、论述题（每题10分，共20分）25. Discuss the importance of understanding etymology in the study of vocabulary.26. Analyze the role of idioms in communication and how they can sometimes lead to misunderstandings.答案：一、选择题1. D2. B3. C4. C5. B6. B7. B8. B9. B10. B二、填空题11. invisible12. unpredictable13. system14. meaning15. occurrence16. damage17. population18. persuasive19. excessive20. investigation三、简答题21. A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison. For example, "Time is a thief" is a metaphor that personifies time as a thief, suggesting that it steals our moments.22. An allegory is a narrative that conveys a deeper meaning beneath the surface, often using characters and events to represent abstract concepts or moral lessons. A simile, on the other hand, is a direct comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as," such as "She is as brave as a lion."23. Prose is a form of language that has a natural flow of speech and normal grammatical structure rather than a rhythmic structure, unlike poetry. It is the ordinary form of language used in speech or writing.24. Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa。
词汇学语言考试题及答案
词汇学语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的系统、结构和变化规律的学科，它属于：A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 语义学答案：C2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的内容？A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的分类C. 词汇的演变D. 语音的发音答案：D3. 词汇学中，词根是指：A. 词的基本意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A4. 以下哪个词是由两个词根组成的？A. 苹果B. 汽车C. 电脑D. 葡萄答案：B5. 词汇学中的“同义词”指的是：A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 意义完全不同的词答案：B6. 在词汇学中，“反义词”是指：A. 意义相近的词B. 意义相反的词C. 意义相同的词D. 意义不相关的词答案：B7. “词汇化”是指：A. 词汇的创造过程B. 词汇的消失过程C. 词汇的演变过程D. 词汇的分类过程答案：A8. 词汇学中的“语义场”是指：A. 词的发音范围B. 词的书写范围C. 词的意义范围D. 词的使用范围答案：C9. 词汇学中，“多义词”是指：A. 只有一个意义的词B. 有两个或两个以上意义的词C. 没有意义或意义不明确的词D. 意义完全相反的词答案：B10. 词汇学中的“同音词”是指：A. 发音相同的词B. 意义相同的词C. 书写相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 词汇学中的“词缀”是指附着在词根上，用来构成新词的________。
答案：语素12. “派生”是指通过添加________来创造新词的过程。
答案：词缀13. “合成”是指通过合并________来创造新词的过程。
答案：词根14. “词汇变化”包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移15. “词汇的语义变化”是指词义的________、________和________。
自考英语词汇学试题及答案
自考英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "anonymous" is derived from which language?A. LatinB. GreekC. FrenchD. German答案：B. Greek2. Which of the following is an example of a compound word?A. BlackboardB. BreakdownC. ClassroomD. Both A and C答案：D. Both A and C3. The term "morpheme" refers to the smallest meaningful unit in a language. What is its role in vocabulary?A. It forms the basis of all words.B. It is used for grammatical purposes.C. It is a type of prefix or suffix.D. It is a collection of synonyms.答案：A. It forms the basis of all words.4. What is the process called when a word changes its meaningover time?A. Semantic shiftB. SynonymyC. PolysemyD. Homonymy答案：A. Semantic shift5. Which of the following is a false friend in English and Spanish?A. ActualB. CurrentC. ActualmenteD. Fact答案：C. Actualmente6. The word "serendipity" is an example of a ________ word.A. BorrowedB. NeologismC. CognateD. Archaic答案：A. Borrowed7. What is the meaning of the prefix "un-" in the word "unhappy"?A. NotB. OneC. UpD. Out答案：A. Not8. Which of the following words is a back-formation?A. EditB. TypewriteC. InventD. Hostage答案：B. Typewrite9. The term "collocation" refers to the way in which words are often found together in a language. Which of the following is an example of collocation?A. "Strong coffee"B. "Big mouse"C. "Tall mountain"D. "Long sleep"答案：A. "Strong coffee"10. Which of the following is an example of a phrasal verb?A. "To look"B. "To come"C. "To look up"D. "To come up"答案：D. "To come up"二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The root of the word "biology" is ________, which meanslife.答案：bio-12. An idiom is a type of ________ expression that is often metaphorical.答案：fixed13. The word "avocado" is a(n) ________ noun because it ends with an "o" but is not singular.答案：plural14. The process of creating new words by combining existing words is known as ________.答案：compounding15. A word that has more than one meaning is said to exhibit ________.答案：polysemy16. The term "etymology" refers to the ________ of a word, including its origin and historical development.答案：history17. In English, the word "mouse" can be both a noun and a verb, which is an example of ________.答案：conversion18. The phrase "kick the bucket" is an example of a(n)________ idiom.答案：idiomatic19. A word that is spelled but not pronounced is known as a(n) ________ letter.答案：silent20. The word "geography" is derived from the Greek words "geo" meaning earth and "graphia" meaning ________.答案：writing or description三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between a homograph and a homophone.答案：A homograph is a word that is spelled the same as another word but has a different meaning and may have a different pronunciation. For example, "lead" can mean toguide or the metal. A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but has a different meaning and is usually spelled differently. For example, "their," "there," and "they're" are homophones.22. What is the role of context in determining the meaning ofa word?答案：Context plays a crucial role in determining the meaning of a word because it provides clues about thesituation in which the word is used. It helps to disambiguate。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "breakfast" is derived from:A. LatinB. Old EnglishC. GreekD. French答案：B2. Which of the following words is a compound word?A. TelephoneB. BicycleC. ComputerD. All of the above答案：D3. The word "kindergarten" is borrowed from:A. GermanB. ItalianC. SpanishD. French答案：A4. Which of the following is an example of a back-formation?A. EditB. TypewriteC. CatalogD. Interview答案：A5. The term "morpheme" refers to:A. A wordB. A syllableC. A meaningful unit of languageD. A sound答案：C6. The word "mouse" can be analyzed as:A. A single morphemeB. A compound wordC. A prefix and a rootD. A root and a suffix答案：A7. Which of the following words is a blend?A. MotelB. BrunchC. InfomercialD. All of the above答案：D8. The process of adding a suffix to a root to form a new word is called:A. DerivationB. InflectionC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A9. The word "unbelievable" is formed by:A. PrefixationB. SuffixationC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A10. The word "run" can have several meanings, which is an example of:A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Antonymy答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of changing a word's form to express tense, mood, or number is called ________.答案：inflection2. A word that has the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings is called a ________.答案：homograph3. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is known as a ________.答案：morpheme4. A word that is formed by combining two or more words is called a ________.答案：compound5. A word that is formed by adding a prefix to a root is called a ________.答案：prefixed word6. The study of the history of words and the way they change over time is known as ________.答案：etymology7. A word that is formed by adding a suffix to a root is called a ________.答案：suffixed word8. The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called ________.答案：clipping9. A word that is formed by combining parts of two or more words is called a ________.答案：blend10. The process of creating a new word by changing the form of an existing word is called ________.答案：conversion三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a prefix and a suffix.答案：A prefix is an affix that is added to the beginning of a root to form a new word with a different meaning, such as "un-" in "unbelievable". A suffix is an affix that is added to the end of a root to form a new word, often changing thepart of speech or adding a specific meaning, such as "-ness"in "happiness".2. What is the role of a morpheme in the structure of a word? 答案：A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, and it can be a word by itself or part of a word.It can be a root, which carries the core meaning, or an affix, which modifies the meaning or function of the root.3. Describe the process of word formation through blending.答案：Word formation through blending involves combiningparts of two or more words to create a new word. This process results in a word that is shorter and often more convenientto use, such as "brunch" from "breakfast" and "lunch".。
词汇·试题及参考答案
词汇·试题及参考答案一、填空题１.词最重要特点在于：它是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿的语言单位。
２.语言中最小的音义结合的单位是＿＿_，如按音节划分，可分为＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿；按构词功能和构词位置，可分为＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
３.成词语素的特点在于它本身就能＿＿＿＿、又能＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，而不成词语素则只能＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
４.“北京猿人究竟多少人一群呢？”这句话中共有＿＿个语素＿＿个词。
５.“小孩儿喜欢吃吐鲁番的葡萄”中包含了＿＿个语素＿＿个词。
６.“流连”是单纯词中的＿＿词，“妯娌”是＿＿＿＿＿＿词，“丁宁”是＿＿词。
７.词是构成＿＿或＿＿的要素，语素是构成＿＿的要素。
８.由一个语素构成的词叫做＿＿＿。
合成词是由＿＿＿＿＿＿＿语素构成的词。
９.单纯词的特点是：不管它有多少音节，但只有＿＿个语素。
10.双音节单纯词主要包括＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿三种。
11.由词根加词根组成的合成词有＿＿＿和＿＿＿两种形式。
12.复合式合成词是由＿＿＿＿结合在一起组成的合成词；重叠式合成词是由＿＿＿＿构成的合成词；附加式合成词是由＿＿＿＿＿组合而成的。
13.复合式合成词有＿种类型，它们是＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿。
14.一种语言里所有的词语的总和叫做＿＿。
这里的“词语”指＿＿和各种性质作用大致相当于词的＿＿，在现代汉语中就是指成语、＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿等。
15.＿＿＿＿＿是词的物质外壳，＿＿＿＿是词的内容。
16.词义是对客观事物的＿＿反映，它包含着人们对客观事物的认识。
17.“鬼”、“神仙”等词的意义是对客观世界的＿＿＿＿＿＿＿反映。
18.＿＿＿是词义中的主要部分，词还有附属的＿＿＿，也可称作＿＿＿。
19 .义项是词的＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
只有一个义项的词是＿＿＿，具有两个或两个以上义项的词是＿＿＿。
20.词的本义是词的＿＿意义，基本义是词的＿＿＿＿的意义，引申义是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿的意义，比喻义是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿的意义。
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哈尔滨商业大学2009-2010学年第二学期《词汇学》期末考试试卷装题订线内不答要一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms ofwords, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2. .Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic3. Stylistics is the study of style. It is concerned with the user‟s choices oflinguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place4. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines andacademic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic5. _________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems tostand between the standard general words including informal ones available toeveryone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang6. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed7. The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism8. It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin havesurvived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9009. By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into theschools, the law courts, and government and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian,Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. trade-names12. Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes13. The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes14. Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. trade-names15. The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes装订线内 不答题要16. Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically17. In the sentence “ He is fond of pen.”, pen is a ______ motivated word. A. morphologically B. onomatopoeically C. semantically D. etymologically 18. Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically19. Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have bothmeanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning20. _______is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning 21. Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______. A. English only B. Chinese only C. all natural languages D. some natural languages22. From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word . A. linguistic B. diachronic C. synchronic D. traditional23. _______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection 24 _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases,there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation 25.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage 26. The meaning of meat changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation 27. The meaning of fond changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation 28. The original meaning of minister is ______.A. head of a ministryB. a tutorC. a farmerD. servant 29. The original meaning of success is ______.A. resultB. progressC. eventD. incident 30. The meaning of churl changed by mode of _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing 31.The pot calls the cattle black is an example of _______.A. metaphorB. personificationC. synecdocheD. euphemism 32. Powder one ’s nose is an example of _________.A. personificationB. euphemismC. synecdocheD. hyperbold 33. A world of trouble is an example of ________.A. euphemismB. personificationC. hyperboleD. metonymy 34. Chop and change shows the feature of __________.A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. repetition 35.By hook and by crook is an example of ________.A. alliterationB. rhymeC. reiterationD. repetition 36.Concept, which is beyond language, is the result of human________, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race and language..装订线内 不答题要A. cognitionB. mentalityC. reflectionD. ideology37. Motivation accounts for the __ __ between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.A .relation B. complexion C. circumstance D. connection 38. In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their meanings, for these words were created because of imitating the natural sounds or noises. Knowing the sounds of the words means understanding the meaning. This is called ____motivation.A. onomatopoeicB. semanticC. morphologicalD. etymological 39. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by theconceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and ______sense of the word.A. metaphoricalB. figurativeC. descriptiveD. colloquial40.Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Conceptual meaning forms the _____for communications and it is constant and relatively stable.A . centerB basisC focusD key二、填空题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）II. Section A: Complete the following statements with proper words orexpressions according to the course book.41.There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronicand _______.42. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______. 43. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ______.44. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _____ language.45.Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.46. Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way are called__________. 47. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word.48. Lexical meaning itself has two components: conceptual meaning and _________.49. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. The general words are called the super-ordinate terms and the more specific words are called the _____ terms.50. The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around a number of meaning areas. Some are large, such as …philosophy ‟ or …emotions ‟, others smaller, such as …kinship ‟ or …color ‟. Viewing the total meaning in this way is the basis of ______.Section B: Give meanings to the following roots in English and THREE derived words from each one.51. misein: ____________; __________; ____________；____________ 52. psyche: ____________; ___________;____________; ____________ 53.graphein:____________; ___________;____________;____________ 54.anthropos :___________;____________;____________;____________ 55.nautes: ____________;_____________;_____________;____________ 56.nomos :_____________;_____________;_____________;___________ 57.ge (geo-) :_____________;_____________;_____________;__________ 58. bios :____________;____________;_____________;_______________ 59.dicha:____________;____________;_____________;_______________装订线内 不答题要60.genesis:____________;____________;____________;_______________三、简答题（本大题共 5小题，每小题5 分，共 25 分）III. Answer the following questions briefly.51.Explain the three channels by which the modern English vocabulary develops with illustration.52.What is the difference between inflectional and derivational affixes? 53.Why is the conversion from noun to verb the most productive process of conversion?54.Why should we give primary importance to conceptual/denotative meaning of words?55.What is the difference between homophones and homographs? Illustrate your四、阐述题 （本大题共1题，共15分）IV . WritingBased on your own experience of learning English, write a 200 word composition entitled:“Why Should a Chinese Student of English Study English Lexicology?装订线内 不答题要哈尔滨商业大学2009-2010学年第二学期《词汇学》期末考试试卷答题纸一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共401. (A)(B)(C)(D)2. (A)(B)(C)(D)3. (A)(B)(C)(D)4. (A)(B)(C)(D)5. (A)(B)(C)(D)6. (A)(B)(C)(D)7. (A)(B)(C)(D)8. (A)(B)(C)(D)9. (A)(B)(C)(D) 10.(A)(B)(C)(D) 11.(A)(B)(C)(D) 12.(A)(B)(C)(D) 13.(A)(B)(C)(D) 14.(A)(B)(C)(D) 15.(A)(B)(C)(D) 16.(A)(B)(C)(D) 17.(A)(B)(C)(D) 18.(A)(B)(C)(D) 19.(A)(B)(C)(D) 20.(A)(B)(C)(D) 21.(A)(B)(C)(D) 22.(A)(B)(C)(D) 23.(A)(B)(C)(D) 24.(A)(B)(C)(D)25.(A)(B)(C)(D) 26.(A)(B)(C)(D) 27.(A)(B)(C)(D) 28.(A)(B)(C)(D) 29.(A)(B)(C)(D) 30.(A)(B)(C)(D)31.(A)(B)(C)(D) 32.(A)(B)(C)(D) 33.(A)(B)(C)(D) 34.(A)(B)(C)(D) 35.(A)(B)(C)(D) 36.(A)(B)(C)(D)37.(A)(B)(C)(D) 38.(A)(B)(C)(D) 39.(A)(B)(C)(D) 40.(A)(B)(C)(D) 二、填空题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）41.__________________42.___________________43____________________ 44.__________________45.___________________46.____________________ 47.__________________48.___________________49.____________________ 50.___________________51._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 52._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 53._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 54._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 55._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 56._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 57._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 58._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 59._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 60._______________;_____________;_______________; _______________ 三、简答题（本大题共 5小题，每小题5 分，共 25 分）61. 62. 63. 64.装订线内 不答题要65.四、阐述题 （本大题共1题，共15分）IV . WritingBased on your own experience of learning English, write a 200 word composition entitled:“Why Should a Chinese Student of English Study English Lexicology?。