英国文学期末复习范围

1. Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales (General Prologue)

2. William Shakespeare: Hamlet Act 3, Scene 1 and Sonnet 18

3. Francis Bacon: Of Studies

4. John Donne: Holy Sonnet 10

5. John Milton: Paradise Lost (Book 1, Lines 111-179)

6. Daniel Defoe: Robison Crusoe (An Excerpt from Chapter IV)

7. Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels (Chapter VII)

8. William Blake: The Tyger and The Lamb

9. Robert Burns: A Red, Red, Rose and Auld Lang Syne 10. George Bernard Shaw: Pygmalion 11. Oscar Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest 12. William Wordsworth: The Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud) 13. Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Kubla Khan 14. George Gordon Byron: She Walks in Beauty 15. Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind 16. John Keats:Ode To a Nightingale; To Autumn 17. Alfred Tennyson: Break, Break, Break, In Memorium A. H. H. 18. Robert Browning:My Last Duchess 19. Matthew Arnold: Dover Beach 22. Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights 23. Charles Dickens: Dombey and Son 24. Thomas Hardy: Te ss of the D’ Urbervilles25. Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness 26. James Joyce: Ulysses 32. V. S. Naipaul:In a Free State 33. Martin Amis: Money: a Suicide Note 34. Iris Murdoch: A Severed Head 35. William Golding: Lord of the Flies 36. Samuel Beckett: Waiting for Godot 37. Seamus Heaney: Death of a Naturalist, Punishment 38. Wystan Hugh Auden: Spain 1937 39. T. S. Eliot: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 40. William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair

Bloomsbury Group: The Bloomsbury Group was a group of writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists who held informal discussions near Bloomsbury in London during the first half of the twentieth century. Their work deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics as well as modern attitudes towards feminism, pacifism, and sexuality. Its best known members were Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, E. M. Forster, and Lytton Strachey. （布卢姆茨伯里派// 布卢姆茨伯里群体）Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism is on the whole the reflection of the spirit of Victorian middle class philistinism. It is an ethical theory holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes the overall "happiness". It is thus a form of consequentialism, meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined only by its resulting outcome, and that one can only weigh the morality of an action after knowing all its consequences. As a practical movement of philosophy, it made its positive contribution to Victorian life, but its idea of utility placed so much value on the machine and sciences that it virtually dismissed everything else as of little or no importance. The most influential contributors to this theory are considered to be Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. (功利主义，实利主义) Aestheticism/the fin de siècle aestheticism: it was a European phenomenon during the latter 19th century that had its chief headquarters in France. In opposition to the dominance of scientific thinking and widespread indifference of the middle-class society to art, the advocates of the movement developed the view that a work of art is the supreme value because it is self-sufficient and has no use or moral aim outside its own being. The end of a work of art is simply to exist in its formal perfection. A rallying cry of Aestheticism is “art for art’s sake”The views later were introduced to Victorian England and Algernon Charles Swinburne, Oscar Wilde became its major representatives. (唯美主义运动, 19世纪末的唯美主义运动) O xford Movement(1833-1845): it was the religious movement begun in 1833 by Anglican clergymen at the University of Oxford to renew the Church of England by reviving certain Roman Catholic doctrines and rituals as a source of legitimacy and deeper spirituality. Its main intent was to defend the Church of England as a divine institution against the threats of liberal theology, rationalism, and government interference. Their concern for a higher standard of worship influenced not only the Church of England but also other British Protestant sects. Prominent among the leaders of the Movement were John Henry Newman, John Keble, and later Edward Bouverie Pusey. The Oxford movement has exerted a great influence, doctrinally, spiritually, and liturgically not only on the Church of England but also throughout the Anglican Communion. (牛津运动). Metaphysical poetry: it refers to the poetry written by a group of 17th century poets represented by John Donne, Andrew Marvell and George Herbert etc. They employ paradox, pun and startling parallels in simile and metaphor to write poetry with the basic features of “wit”or “conceit”. A subtle and often deliberately outrageous logic is involved to render the form of a heated argument or a meditative process throughout the poem. Metaphysical poetry is sharply opposed to the Elizabethan poetry tradition and has been drastically elevated to a high hierarchy of English poetry after World War I. （玄学派诗歌）Gothic novel: it is a type of prose fiction with the medieval setting in its barbaric and supernatural aspects. The term is now generally applied to literature dealing with the strange, mysterious and supernatural designed to invoke suspense and terror in the reader. Gothic novel invariably exploits ghosts and monsters and settings such as castles, dungeons, and graveyards, which impart a suitably sinister and terrifying atmosphere. （哥特式小说）Modernism: