延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用

延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用

☆有一些动词是瞬间动词，也叫非延续性动词，这些动词一发生就结束了，常见的有：come, go, arrive, reach, leave,begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop 等。这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时（说明某个动作的结果还存在），但由于它们不能延续，因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。

e.g. Jim has come back.（正）

Jim has come back for a month.（误）come back 的动作不能延续一个月，因此错误。

☆瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中，因此，若要解决这一问题，就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语，主要有以下几种：

①用相应的延续性动词

女口：buy —have borrow —keep come/go/become —be

put on —wear catch a cold —have a cold

②转换成be+名词

女口：join —be a member of go to school —be a student

③转换成be+形容词或副词

女口：die —be dead leave —be away begin —be on finish —be over

fall asleep —be asleep open —be open get up —be up close —be closed

④转换成be+介词短语

女口：come to/go to/arrive in （at）/get to/reach , —be in/at , join the army —be in the army（军队）

e.g. I have borrowed the book. I have kept the book for two days.

Jim has joined the band. Jim has been a member of the band for a month.

His grandfather has died. His grandfather has been dead for 2 years.

My father has arrived in China. My father has been in China for a week.

☆在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。

e.g. I haven ' t borrowed books from the library since last year. ______ 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。

Jim hasn ' t come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年没回来了。

☆现在完成时的几种常见的句型转换。

现在完成时可以转化成一般过去时，还可以转化成“It is/has been +时间段+since从句（用一般过去时）"等句型。

e.g. Jim has been back for a month.

=Jim came back a month ago.

=It is/has been a month since Jim came back.

=A month has passed since Jim came back.

I have kept the book for two days.

=I borrowed the book two days ago.

=It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book.

=Two days has passed since I borrowed the book.