高级英文写作教程复习

Translation

1.Whenever the users of a language evince a fairly uniform emotional response to a given

word, that response becomes part of the connotation, therefore part of the standard meaning.

每当使用某种语言的人们对某个特定的词做出了比较一致的情感反应，这个反应就成为该词内涵的一部分，从而也就成为该词标准意义的一部分。

2.There are nevertheless a good many that produce reactions of various colors and shades,

with voltages ranging from mild to knockout force.

但也有大量的词能够引起人们产生各种各样的带有感情色彩的反应，感受其微妙的差别，这种反应力度的大小不等，有的极为轻微，有的足以把人击昏。

3. A rose or a skylark’s song by any other names would smell or sound as sweet, and a

dungheap or a subway train’s wheel-screech by any other names would be a stench in the nostril or a pain in the eardrum; but many words are undoubtedly “loaded” with the speaker’s or hearer’s feelings, independent of any observable attributes in the class of objects named.

一支玫瑰花或者一只云雀的歌声被冠以任何其他名称时，都会被认为是很好的气味或声音，而一堆粪或地下铁的轮子摩擦声被冠以任何其他名称时，都会让人联想到刺激鼻孔的臭气和刺痛耳膜的噪音；但是不可否认的是，有很多词在独立于其可观察到的物质属性之外，还承载着说话人或听者的情感。

4.When someone says “Watch your language!” he is usually not attacking your right to refer to

the thing (s) you are referring to, but only urging you to abstain from an expression that in itself, quite apart from its denotation and linguistic connotation, is offensive to his ear or eye.

当有人说：“注意你的用语”时，他通常并不是抨击你指称事物的权利，而是郑重地要求你避免使用本身就令他耳目不悦的表达方式，不管这个表达的外延和语言内涵如何。

5.An informer and an informant deliver the same confidential information; selective service

and the draft impose identical duties on young male citizens; sweat and perspiration produce the same demand for deodorant—but the different words have different odors too, and the nose that is insensitive to their scent is apt to end up a punched nose; the ear that does not hear their harmonies and discords, a cauliflower ear.

通知员和告密者都传达相同的秘密信息; 抓壮丁和征兵给男性公民提出了同样的要求；

汗和汗腺分泌物都要除臭剂才能去掉臭味。但是不同的词有不同的味道。而对这些味道不敏感的鼻子，将会是被揍扁了的鼻子；听不出这些声音和谐与否的耳朵，将会是被打碎了的花菜耳朵。

6.Today, although the minstrel connection no longer operates to arouse such a violent sense of

insult, the word consort still has a somewhat derogatory flavor (compare the phrase “consorting with known criminals”) as compared with the almost completely neutral association, though both terms have the same denotation and the same linguistic

connotation.

今天，优伶（也即歌星）已经不带如此暴力的带有蔑视的味道了，但“鬼混”一词依然带着贬义（相比该用法“与某个罪犯鬼混/ 勾结。”）而“结交”一词几乎完全是中性的，尽管二者的词义相同。

7.Although the liquidation of nearly three billion dollars of brokers’ loans contracted

credit…the depressed condition of European trade.

虽然近三十亿美元的经纪人贷款清盘已经缔结了贷款合同，虽然储备银行也降低了重贴现利率,虽然国内大银行和大企业都在此紧急状态下幸存下来而没有遭受大规模的损失，其避损而存的方式也真的振奋人心，但是毒素依然在存在：货币过度发行，商业野心扩张过大，分期付款方式以及股票市场红利消费刺激商品过度生产，对许多商品进行人为的物价控制，以及欧洲贸易处于消退状况。

8.No matter how many soothsayers of high finance proclaimed that all was well, no matter

how earnestly the President set to work to repair the damage with soft words and White House conferences, a major depression was inevitably under way.

尽管高级金融机构许多预言家宣称一切还好，尽管总统甜言蜜语、白宫频频商讨，一本正经地着手去医治创伤，然而一场大萧条的到来已不可避免。

9.Prosperity is more than an economic condition; it is a state of mind. The Big Bull Market had

been more than the climax of a business cycle; it had been the climax of a cycle in American mass thinking and mass emotion.

繁荣不仅是一种经济状况，它还是一种心态。大牛市不仅是一个商业周期性的高峰，它也使美国大众思想和大众情绪达到了周期性的顶点。

10.It is these things indeed which stamp him as a college man, and occasion a very pardonable

pride in the minds of his parents. But in all these things the Oxford student is the merest amateur.

正是这些本领标志着他是一个大学生，使他的父母为之欣慰和骄傲。而对于上述种种，牛津的学生几乎完全是外行。

11.True: but one searches in vain in the Oxford curriculum for any adequate recognition of the

higher and more cultured studies.

这不假。但要在牛津的课程设置中找到高深学问的科目也是枉然。

12.It is worth mentioning how some scholars have tried bravely to ignore the obstinate fact, for

their attempt explains most clearly why there have been mistakes in solving invalidly a problem which cannot be solved unless there is firm and proper evidence.

值得注意的是，某些学者总是鼓足勇气想回避它。因为由于缺少坚实的相关证据，谁想对一个不能解决的问题，去取得一个毫无根据的答案，那就会造成谁都能一眼看出的逻辑错误。

13.big enough to be the capital city of the empire and not too small as to be unreasonable

说大，它够得上一个帝都的标准；说小，它又不至于惹恼那些期望它更大一点的人。