第2章 常用翻译技巧

汉语习惯综合归纳，以突出主题 简明扼要， 特别在时政翻译中，常常出现大量的“数字 化”表达（西方人称之为“numbered lists”）： “Numbered lists are popular everywhere—the Ten Commandments (十戒), the Four Freedoms（四大自由） — but they seem particularly. … During World


例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes…

例4．New HSR and Maglev would have allnew, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement.

1) 选词用字(Diction)
Diction :“choice of words” (选词用字)， connotation


例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions.
直译：爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一 的东西。 × 意译：办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精， 愿买贵的。 √

译文: 我们认识到，自由贸易并非一种损人利 己的“零和值”游戏。 （语义性增译）

例5．(?)信笔写来，(?)竟然差不多都是写我 自己的回忆，这(?)就说明了这本散文集的魅 力。 While writing at will, I find all I’ve done is just something of my own recollection, which shows how charming this collection of essays is! (结构增译)

那么，下面译文又当如何？ (1)When at his one-year-old birthday party, Mr.Qian picked up a book among all things, thus he was given the name “Zhong Shu” (book lover).
威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、 闲庭信步的好去处，她 宁静从容，闲适悠然， 连城中的日晷(读 “轨”)上都刻着这样 的铭文：“只计幸福时 光”。 (修辞性增译)


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例4．We have recognized that free trade is not a zero-sum game.
“zero-sum”：术语，一种“零和值” 或“此方得利彼方遭损”:


例8．“一要吃饭，二要建设”是指导我国经 济工作的基本原则。 A basic principle guiding our economic work is “subsistence first and development second”.

2) 增译（Amplification） 简言之，所谓增译，就是译文不增词不 足以表达原义的情况下，为使译文准确、通 顺、达意，在准确理解原文上下文内含意义 的前提下，适当在译文中增加相关词汇和表 达，避免译文因意义不明或表达生硬而产生 误解或不解 增译有语义性增译、修辞性增译，还有注释 性增译（文内阐释或文中夹注文后注释）：



War II, Japanese forces were notorious for applying a policy of “Three Alls”（三光）to occupied China: kill all, loot all, burn all”. (Postcards From Tomorrow Square, The Atlantic Monthly, December 2006) 例如 “386199部队”（乡下年轻人都外出打工挣 钱，干农活的只剩下“三八”节的“妇女”、 “六 一”节的“儿童”和“九九”重阳节的“老人”）




“863计划”(86年3月制定的科技发展规划“The March 1986 Program to stimulate the development of high technologies ”)、 “421家庭”(4位老人，2个家长和1个孩子)， 还有“三个代表”、“四个坚持”、“五项原则”、 “八荣八耻”(Eight Dos and Don„ts /Eight Honors & Eight Disgraces)、 “八个坚持、八个反对”等等。




(2) When at his “Zhua Zhou” ceremony※, Mr.Qian picked up a book among all things, thus the name “Zhong Shu”(book lover) was given to him. ※“Zhua Zhou” ceremony: the traditional ceremony in China for an one-year-old baby to pick up a thing among all things, in which what a baby picks up will foretell the baby‟s occupation in the future. [Yes !]


例2． They want quality, but at a budget price. 直译：他们需要质量，但却要预算价格。 ×

意译：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。 √ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人

例3．On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气 可讲，更谈不上让步了。
例8．由于这个年龄阶段的孩子大多是在 “421家庭”中长大的，自理能力较差。 Since most of the students at this age have grown up in families containing four grandparents and two parents as well as themselves, they are incapable of taking care of themselves in daily life. （文内阐释）


例7．钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书， 因而得名“钟书”。
When Mr.Qian was only one-year old, the baby was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon he was given by his parents the name: zhong shu (book-lover). （文内阐释）

试译：无论乘坐何种交通工 具都能迅速抵达郑州，下榻 此处会让你倍感舒适，这里 的住宿条件能充分满足各种 档次和品味的要求……。

(1)“state-of-the-art”： “艺术状态的” ？ “艺术状 态的”机车 “造型精美”。 (2)“authority enforcement” “权威强化”？ “authority”(权威)—“威力”， “enforcement” + “speed” ： “威力强大的加速力”。 译文：新型高速列车或磁 (3)“options” : 浮列车须装置全新的、造 形精美的列车操纵系统， “可供选择的部件、设备、方 案”等。 可供选用的列车操纵系统


中国人的生活中充满了一系 列“名牌”、“上品”之 类的东西：筵席上的茅台属 中国八大名酒之一，杭州西 湖属中国九大名胜之一,就 连一些公司也要自称是全国 500强企业之一。 （语义性增译）


例3．Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with the words: Horas non mumero nisi serenas (I count only the happy hours). “邀请悠闲和散步， 安宁是静止的”？

例7．有市场、有效益的速度，才是真正的发 展，才是硬道理。 Sound economic growth must be based on strong market demand and good economic returns. This is a fundamental principle.
必须能提供速度和（威力） 强大的加速力。

例6．一幢乡村小学的教学楼，建了7年还是
个半拉子工程。

The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a “never-to-be-finished project”.


例1. Saying good-bye to a child going to college for the first time is rough,…How does a person cut off 18 years of closeness?
孩子考上大学第一次与他送别，这滋味真 教人难受。……十八年的骨肉相依，晨夕相 处，而今一朝别离，又怎会舍得呢？ (语义性增译)


例2. Chinese life is filled with lists of bests: The mao-tai at a banquet is one of the China’s eight great liquors; the view of the West Lake in Hangzhou is one of the nine ideal vantage points, and even some companies will declaim that they are among the 500 national outstanding enterprises.
常用翻译技巧
1)Diction（选词用字） 2)Amplification（增词法） 3)Omission（省略法） 4)Conversion（转换法） 5)Repetition（重复法） 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation（正说反译，反说正译） 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination （分清主从）


例6．Dripstones, stalactites, are in different shapes-----columns, pillars and translucent curtains, conjure up unforgettable images.
各种钟乳石形态各异——有的玉柱浑圆；有 的栋梁擎天；有的瀑布飞帘，晶莹剔透——大 自然鬼斧神工，妙景天成，令人难忘。 (修辞性增译/重复)