剑桥初级语法整理笔记

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现在时

3、现在进行时:I am doing

以下动词不可用于现在进行时:

4、现在进行时的疑问式:Are you doing?

5、一般现在时:I do/work/like等

一般现在时用来表示一般性的事实、有时或经常发生的事情:I like big cities. Always/never/often/usually/sometimes常与一般现在时连用:I never eat breakfast.

6、一般现在时的否定式:I don’t/he doesn’t + 动词原形

I don’t have a bath every day.

【every day 表每天,作状语; everyday 表每天的,形容词】

*What do you do? 表示“你是做什么工作的?” 8、have/have got (

1)

(2)have 表“吃、喝、拿”时,不能用have got 代替

(3)下列短语中,要用have

15、现在完成时

(1)have done

(2)just/already/yet

Just表“刚才”:we’ve just arrived.

Already表“已经”(在预料之前):they’ve already arrived. (=before you expected)

Yet表“直到现在”(用于否定句和疑问句中):they haven’t arrived yet.

(3)现在完成时与ever(用于疑问句中)/never连用:Have you ever played golf?

(4)gone表“去而未归”:she has gone to China.

Been表“去而已归”:he has been to China.

(5)H ow long have you…?

25、what are you doing tomorrow?

I am doing something tomorrow 表示“我已经安排好明天要做某事/我计划明天做某事”

I am going to do something.同上(be going to 与will 的区别)

注意:用一般现在时表示时间表、节目单、火车与公共汽车时刻表等:The train arrives at 7.30.

27、will/shall

(1)I shall =I will、we shall=we will :

I shall be late tomorrow. = I will be late tomorrow.

在构成将来时的时候,不可将shall与you/they/it/he/she等非第一人称连用:Tom will be late. (而不能Tom shall be late.)

(2)I’ll …表“提议或决定做某事”:I’ll phone you tomorrow.

I think I’ll/I don’t think I’ll…表“决定做某事”:I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.(3)Shall I…/Shall we…? 表“你认为…好吗?”

28、might=may

29、can/could:could为过去式

30、must/mustn’t/don’t need to

(1)表示过去时,用had to而不用must:We had to walk home last night. (2)don’t need to = don’t have to

31、should

(1)I think…should/I don’t think….should/do you think…should?

(2)ought to =should

32、I have to

(1)表过去时,用had to

(2)表示认为有必要做某事或提出个人看法时,must或have to都可以

不是表个人看法时,只能用have to:

Eg: You can’t park your car here for nothing. You have to pay. (非个人看法)

I t’s a fantastic film. You must see it./You have to see it.

33、I used to/I didn’t used to/did you use to…?

41、反义疑问句

Have you?/are you?/don’t you? 表“对某事感兴趣或感到惊奇”:

——I’ve bought a new car.

——Oh, have you?

记住:前否后肯,前肯后否

It’s a nice day, isn’t it?

That isn’t your car, is it?

42、too/either so am I/neither do I

(1)

(2)both+复数名词

44、疑问句

(1)is it…?/have you…?/do they…?why isn’t…?/why don’t…?

(2)who saw you?/who did you see?

(3)以特殊疑问词开头的句子,介词位于句尾:where are you from?

(4)what’s it like?/what are they like? 表询问某事物的情况——新旧、好坏、大小等(5)疑问词

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