剑桥初级语法整理笔记
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现在时
3、现在进行时:I am doing
以下动词不可用于现在进行时:
4、现在进行时的疑问式:Are you doing?
5、一般现在时:I do/work/like等
一般现在时用来表示一般性的事实、有时或经常发生的事情:I like big cities. Always/never/often/usually/sometimes常与一般现在时连用:I never eat breakfast.
6、一般现在时的否定式:I don’t/he doesn’t + 动词原形
I don’t have a bath every day.
【every day 表每天,作状语; everyday 表每天的,形容词】
*What do you do? 表示“你是做什么工作的?” 8、have/have got (
1)
(2)have 表“吃、喝、拿”时,不能用have got 代替
(3)下列短语中,要用have
15、现在完成时
(1)have done
(2)just/already/yet
Just表“刚才”:we’ve just arrived.
Already表“已经”(在预料之前):they’ve already arrived. (=before you expected)
Yet表“直到现在”(用于否定句和疑问句中):they haven’t arrived yet.
(3)现在完成时与ever(用于疑问句中)/never连用:Have you ever played golf?
(4)gone表“去而未归”:she has gone to China.
Been表“去而已归”:he has been to China.
(5)H ow long have you…?
25、what are you doing tomorrow?
I am doing something tomorrow 表示“我已经安排好明天要做某事/我计划明天做某事”
I am going to do something.同上(be going to 与will 的区别)
注意:用一般现在时表示时间表、节目单、火车与公共汽车时刻表等:The train arrives at 7.30.
27、will/shall
(1)I shall =I will、we shall=we will :
I shall be late tomorrow. = I will be late tomorrow.
在构成将来时的时候,不可将shall与you/they/it/he/she等非第一人称连用:Tom will be late. (而不能Tom shall be late.)
(2)I’ll …表“提议或决定做某事”:I’ll phone you tomorrow.
I think I’ll/I don’t think I’ll…表“决定做某事”:I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.(3)Shall I…/Shall we…? 表“你认为…好吗?”
28、might=may
29、can/could:could为过去式
30、must/mustn’t/don’t need to
(1)表示过去时,用had to而不用must:We had to walk home last night. (2)don’t need to = don’t have to
31、should
(1)I think…should/I don’t think….should/do you think…should?
(2)ought to =should
32、I have to
(1)表过去时,用had to
(2)表示认为有必要做某事或提出个人看法时,must或have to都可以
不是表个人看法时,只能用have to:
Eg: You can’t park your car here for nothing. You have to pay. (非个人看法)
I t’s a fantastic film. You must see it./You have to see it.
33、I used to/I didn’t used to/did you use to…?
41、反义疑问句
Have you?/are you?/don’t you? 表“对某事感兴趣或感到惊奇”:
——I’ve bought a new car.
——Oh, have you?
记住:前否后肯,前肯后否
It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
That isn’t your car, is it?
42、too/either so am I/neither do I
(1)
(2)both+复数名词
44、疑问句
(1)is it…?/have you…?/do they…?why isn’t…?/why don’t…?
(2)who saw you?/who did you see?
(3)以特殊疑问词开头的句子,介词位于句尾:where are you from?
(4)what’s it like?/what are they like? 表询问某事物的情况——新旧、好坏、大小等(5)疑问词