2012南航考博英语试题及参考答案

2012南航考博英语试题

1.阅读理解（40）

2.翻译（40）

英译汉AMERICAN URBANIZATION

汉译英

亚健康(sub-health)指的是这一段翻译

翻译范文：Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.The definition is in the Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization which entered into force on 7 April 1948.The Definition has not been amended since

1948.The sub-health condition refers to a state at which the patient experiences reduction in his or her vitality and adaptability although there is no defined disease diagnosed. And it is a state featuring physiological function deterioration between health and illness. So far, the sub-health condition has surfaced as a new killer of human life in China, which is rather prevalent among senior and middle-level managers, clerks and other white-collar workers of high educational level. According to the latest survey by China News Agency (Beijing),the proportion of Beijingers with sub-health conditions among all amounts to75.31%, the highest one among all the large cities in China. The sub-health condition, found in most cases among the groups of people with high educational level and spearheading the efforts for national rejuvenation, will exert direct negative effects on China's long-term development and sustained progress if not handled timely and properly.As the society enters into the 21st century, the increasing pace of life in modern society has put some in the working class at a state of overload. Sub-health condition has already been considered as the new killer of human health. The reason that many of our scientists and entrepreneurs in this country die at their peak age is due to overwork that results to diseases. Therefore, it is very critical to prevent fatigue syndrome and actively take effective measures.The characteristic of sub-health condition is that it occurs between the ages of 20 and 50, and is more prevalent to groups of higher educational level. The formation of this disease can be either acute or chronic. The condition of the sickness can last for several months or even years. A patient suffering from this condition has low work efficiency. Some cannot even continue their work or study, thereby affecting their relationship with family members and society. The cause of this condition is work overload on the bodily systems - the energy is overused. As a result, it causes the ischemia and hypoxia in tissues and organs, and increases production of fatigue products such as carbon dioxide, lactic acid, non-protein, etc. generated during the process of metabolism of the organism. "Fatigue" reduces the body's immunity and weakens its ability to resist diseases. Aside from possibly contracting various chronic diseases, the person is more likely to be affected by various infectious diseases. The main syndromes for sub-health condition is manifested by bodily fatigue, difficulty in recovering after rest, body-ache, dizziness with headache, sleep disorders,