2012南航考博英语试题及参考答案

2012南航考博英语试题1.阅读理解（40）2.翻译（40）英译汉AMERICAN URBANIZATION汉译英亚健康(sub-health)指的是这一段翻译翻译范文：Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.The definition is in the Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization which entered into force on 7 April 1948.The Definition has not been amended since1948.The sub-health condition refers to a state at which the patient experiences reduction in his or her vitality and adaptability although there is no defined disease diagnosed. And it is a state featuring physiological function deterioration between health and illness. So far, the sub-health condition has surfaced as a new killer of human life in China, which is rather prevalent among senior and middle-level managers, clerks and other white-collar workers of high educational level. According to the latest survey by China News Agency (Beijing),the proportion of Beijingers with sub-health conditions among all amounts to75.31%, the highest one among all the large cities in China. The sub-health condition, found in most cases among the groups of people with high educational level and spearheading the efforts for national rejuvenation, will exert direct negative effects on China's long-term development and sustained progress if not handled timely and properly.As the society enters into the 21st century, the increasing pace of life in modern society has put some in the working class at a state of overload. Sub-health condition has already been considered as the new killer of human health. The reason that many of our scientists and entrepreneurs in this country die at their peak age is due to overwork that results to diseases. Therefore, it is very critical to prevent fatigue syndrome and actively take effective measures.The characteristic of sub-health condition is that it occurs between the ages of 20 and 50, and is more prevalent to groups of higher educational level. The formation of this disease can be either acute or chronic. The condition of the sickness can last for several months or even years. A patient suffering from this condition has low work efficiency. Some cannot even continue their work or study, thereby affecting their relationship with family members and society. The cause of this condition is work overload on the bodily systems - the energy is overused. As a result, it causes the ischemia and hypoxia in tissues and organs, and increases production of fatigue products such as carbon dioxide, lactic acid, non-protein, etc. generated during the process of metabolism of the organism. "Fatigue" reduces the body's immunity and weakens its ability to resist diseases. Aside from possibly contracting various chronic diseases, the person is more likely to be affected by various infectious diseases. The main syndromes for sub-health condition is manifested by bodily fatigue, difficulty in recovering after rest, body-ache, dizziness with headache, sleep disorders,lack of appetite, insomnia, lots of dreaming, palpitation, depression, anxiety, stress, fear, bad temper, and unsociable and eccentric behavior. Some serious patients suffer from low self-esteem with no desire for progress, loss of memory and concentration, and low efficiency in work and study.We believe that healthy lifestyle, behavior, and work methods are the best way to improve quality of life. Pay attention to any emerging condition of sub-health, and promptly treat the sickness. Only then will life flourish and become lasting.3.作文（20）HOW TO CONTROL OURSELVES WHEN WE ARE UNDER STRESS范文As we all know, stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. Especially as the pace of modern life is getting faster and faster, we seem to have endless work to do and rush for it through day and night. The students have to finish the abundant homework, the women have to balance the household and the job. The factory workers have to complete the additional work. The white-collar have to wait and take the crowded buses. There are too many people withstanding too much stress from the job and the study.In fact, a little bit of stress can give us motivation and excitement to achieve goals successfully. However , according to the scientific research, if one continue exposed to stress, his health is more likely being endangered. On the one hand, it is easier to get the heart disease and high blood pressure, on the other hand, it is more possible to become depressed and anxious. Therefore, as we can’t avoid the stress, for the sake of our mental and physical health, we should learn to deal with stress, fight with stress and defeat stress. But how to conquer it?As far as I’m concerned, the following steps maybe can be used to fightwith stress from difficulties and problem.Firstly, look inside. Try to figure out what is causing you to worry. Be specific. Then writing in a journal or talk to a friend about it can help you comfort your feeling.Secondly, analyze your situation. Find out what part of the situation is under your control. Access the problem to see whether the threat is real and whether you should worry about it. Maybe the problem is just a hypothetical situation.Thirdly, come up with a solution to solve the most difficult part of your problem. If you can’t deal with it independently, You can turn to your friends, teachers, parents, colleagues and everyone you know for help.At last, if you have try your best, just let it go. Sometimes the stress is unnecessary especially when you have done all you can.There are some other ways to relieve your stress, such as singing, shouting, dancing, and all other kinds of activities that you like doing. These can move your attention and reduce the anxiety. Stress is just a part of our daily life. Life is always wonderful and there are many other activities that can make our life rich and full.So ladies and gentlemen, at the end of my speech, I conclude my points with a few sentences that we all should believe.We should believe that the stress is a part of everyday life and nobody can avoid it.We should believe that sometimes the stress is just like an enemy who we can try some methods to defeat.We should believe that when we are under trouble what we can do is not only find solutions to solve it but also change our mind and relax ourselves.We should believe that life is always rich and colorful and never let the stress become the whole of our life.。