中考宾语从句考点归纳及解题技巧

中考宾语从句考点归纳及解题技巧

作者：严婕

来源：《新高考·升学考试》2018年第01期

宾语从句是初中英语的重要内容，也是中考的考点之一。纵观这几年来的各地英语中考试卷，考查宾语从句的题型是中考试卷中的热门题型，从对各地中考卷考查宾语从句的题型分析中我们可以发现，题目考查以下几项内容：引导词、语序和时态。要想在考试中拿高分，理解宾语从句的概念，把握解题方法显得尤其重要。

在此，笔者将宾语从句的语法做了归纳和分析，并链接了相关的中考题来帮助同学们掌握宾语从句的答题技巧。

一、什么是宾语从句？

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。

1. 宾语从句的引导词

（1） that

陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。如：

He said，“Im happy.”

→He said that he was happy.

He said （that） he wanted to stay at home.

She doesnt know （that） she is seriously ill.

I am sure （that） he will succeed.

（2） if或whether

一般疑问句变为if（whether）引导的宾语从句，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。如：

Does Mr. Zhao live in Room 208？ Could you tell me？

→Could you tell me if/whether Mr. Zhao lives in Room 208？

I want to know if （whether） he lives there.

He asked me whether （if） I could help him.

一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：

①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.

②在介词前：It depends on whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

（3）特殊疑问词

特殊疑问句变为由连接代词who， whom， whose， what， which和连接副词when，where， why， how引导的宾语从句，这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。如：

He asked me，“Where is Mr. Wang？”

→He asked me where Mr. Wang was.

I dont know whose book it is.

Do you know where our English teacher lives？

The teacher asked what was happening.

He wanted to know why you can play the pianoso well.

2. 宾语从句的语序

无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句（主语+谓语+……）”句式。如：

He is a good boy. The teacher said.

→The teacher said （that） he was a good boy.

Does he work hard？I wonder.

→I wonder if/whether he works hard.

When did he leave？I dont know.

→I dont know when he left.

3. 宾语从句的时态

宾语从句主从句时态要保持一致。

（1）当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。如：

I dont think （that） you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station？

（2）当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时），从而达到主句和从句的一致。如：

Did the train leave？ She didnt know.

→She didnt know if/whether the train had left.

He asked what time it was.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

（3）當宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。如：

He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.

The teacher told the students that no news is good news.

The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.

二、宾语从句是如何出题的？