不定代词与不定副词

3）在简答中，no
one 用来回答who 引 导的问句，而none用来回答how many 或how much 引导的问句。 Who has gone with him? No one. How much water is there in the glass? None.
nobody 相当于no one ,两者可与else 连用，而none 则不可以。 No one/ Nobody else knows about that.
Review Unit 1~2
一、现在完成时

表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响 或结果。即“过去的动作 + 现在的结果”， 强调结果。
（一）构成形式： 助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词 肯定句： I have seen the film. 否定句： 影。 我已经看过这部电影。 我没看过这部电 你看过这部电 No, I 你已经做了什么？ I haven’t seen the film.

2.由
some, any, no, every 加上where,构成不定副词，不定副词有： somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere.
somebody, someone, something, somewhere 一般情况下用于肯定句和期待肯定回答的疑问句 anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere


常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词如下：


come—be here; go—be there;
close—be closed; open—be open;
buy—have; borrow —keep;
leave—be away; begin—be on; finish—be over; die—be dead etc. P124
一.常见的不定代词和不定副词 1.由some, any, no, every 加上-body, -one, -thing构成不定代词,不定代词有： somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody someone, anyone, no one, none, everyone something, anything, nothing, everything


（四）现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由 for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用：





a)“for + 时间段” (长达…) 与 “since + 时间点” （自从……以来）， 都表“一段时间”，常用 How long 提问。 如: ----How long have you been like this? ---I have been like this since last month./ for a month. ---How long have you lived in Changle? ----I have lived in Changle for ten years / since ten years ago.

yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？ I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作 业

※ already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇” Have you finished your homework already? 难道你 已经完成作业了？

have /has gone to + 某地，“有去无回” （说明去了某地， 说话时人还没回来）

（三）现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状 语连用：
1．already 和 yet already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。


一般疑问句： Have you seen the film? 影了吗？ 回答： Yes, I have. 是的，我看过了。 haven’t. 不，我没有看过。 特殊疑问句： What have you done?


（二）have/ has been to与 have/ has gone to have/ has been to + 某地，“有去有回” （到过某地，说话时人已经回来了）
一般情况下用于否定句和疑问句 none, nobody, nothing, nowhere 表否定含义 everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere 可用于各种句式
3.用法 1）不定代词作主语谓语动词要用单数。 Everyone is in the classroom. 2)形容词修饰不定代词和不定副词要放在 不定代词/不定副词之后 There is something wrong with the machine.

one 可以指物，everyone 则不 可以，every one 后可跟of 短语， 表示 “……中的每一个”，而everyone 不可 以。 He ate every one of the apples. I know every one of them.
3)every

3)在反义疑问句中，表示人的不定代词作主 语时，其反义疑问句的主语通常用they或he； 当句子中的主语是指物的不定代词时，其反 义疑问句的主语通常是代词it。 Everyone is here,___________________? aren’t they / isn’t he doesn’t it Everything goes well,_______________?
4)
三.比较everyone 和every one 1) everyone 为不定代词，意为“大家，每 人”，相当于everybody.做主语时，谓语动词 用单数 Everyone is here.每个人都到齐了。 2）every one 表示“人人，每人”时， 等于everyone. Everyone has known this. =Every one has known this.

二.比较 none, no one, nobody 1. none 既可指人，也可指物，而no one, nobody 只能指人，不能指物 2. none 后常接of 构成短语“none of+名词/ 代词”，当名词为不可数名词时，谓语动词 用单数，当名词为复数时，谓语动词用单/复 数均可。而 no one ,nobody 不能接of None of my friends has/have been there.
b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的 延续性动词或状态。 如：I bought this TV three days ago.= I have had this TV for three days. His cat died yesterday.= His cat has been dead since yesterday.


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2．ever 和 never ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。 never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。 如： I have never seen him before. ----Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？----No, never. 不，从 来不。




3.just
just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如： I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。

4．before before “之前”（一般位于句末；常与 never呼应）， 如： He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。