举例说明什么是GRE写作Argument

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GRE写作Argument非此即彼类错误分析

GRE写作Argument非此即彼类错误分析GRE写作Argument非此即彼类错误是GRE Argument 7种逻辑错误中的一种，这种逻辑错误经常伴有极端的逻辑思维，所以需要考生掌握其特点，然后对症下药，方能掌握该类错误的逻辑论证思路。

GRE写作Argument非此即彼类错误分析，一起来看看吧!GRE写作Argument非此即彼类错误是什么非此即彼类错误，从字面意思理解为不是A就是B，且没有其可能性。

这类错误显著的特征就是过于片面和偏激。

例如：中国近5年的人均收入整体呈上升趋势，因为得出中国近5年经济水平一直处于上升阶段，没有产生过下滑。

这个论断就犯了非此即彼的错误，人均收入的上升，并不能完全证明全国的经济水平没有下滑，也有可能是其他原因造成的，这样下结论，过于武断。

更多精彩内容请点击》GRE写作Argument无因果联系类错误分析GRE写作Argument非此即彼类错误表现形式The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results。

更多精彩内容请点击》Argument的“逻辑7宗罪”，你有吗GRE写作Argument非此即彼类错误显著特征1.极端思维，针对一个问题的结论，不是A就是B，只要一个错误，那么另一个绝对是正确的。

例如：某教职员工因为体罚学生，因此，必须马上辞退。

2. 非此即彼类错误往往应用于辩论中，通过先认定对方观点错误，然后提出自己的观点。

英语考试作文-【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解

英语考试作文【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解GRE考试中，考生最不容易把握的一个部分可能就是作文了。

虽然GRE官方公开了作文题库，但想要全部练习一遍花费时间精力太多并不现实，也无法确保高分。

更好的提分做法无疑就是看官方范文练写作。

不过，即使如此范文在使用上也是有注意事项的，错误使用只会适得其反，下面就为大家具体介绍GRE写作Argument作文的高分范文用法。

GRE作文避免扣分词汇语法要过关GRE写作Argument高分范文真题实例分析真题实例The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:“Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.高分范文This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree thatas the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn’t necessarily mean that the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree.The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as is and paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the workenvironment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also prides itself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environmentsometimes it truly does not make financial sense. Furthermore, financial sense may not be the only issue a company faces. Other types of analyses must be made such as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e., coal mine). Before any decision is made, all this things must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses.实例分析1. 这篇GRE作文首先在字数高达599words, GRE考试虽然没有对写作提出明确的字数要求，但其评分时偏好字数。

GRE的argument写作万能模板

GRE的argument写作万能模板为了帮助大家备考gre。

了解更多关于gre的知识，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来GRE 的argument写作万能模板，希望大家喜欢。

GRE 的argument写作万能模板一. 背景介绍-----万能123的诞生它的优势在于：让你用最快的时间找出攻击点，不仅解决攻击语言还解决攻击顺序，还能节省你考试时列提纲的时间我刚开始复习时也是很苦恼，但是当我对着北美范文写了十几篇并日日思索之后，发现了一个万能找茬法。

它的精髓就在于教你写一套属于自己的万能123模板，这个模板不仅解决你语言，攻击顺序，更你提高你的效率，即给你一个找茬的火眼金睛，又给你一个呼之欲出的思路。

我考前一天把我自己的模板背了又背了一遍，考的那篇文章我虽没写过，但是我在issue和argument 中场休息的1分钟之内把我的万能123找茬写在草稿纸上，题目出来后仅仅花了1分钟在万能123找茬勾出题目中题目中的错误点，这样连提纲都省了，还非常有条理。

我考之前把这个提纲发给我一同学让她好好背。

现在拿出来和大家分享，还准备发一份给那个作文老师，以提高他的教学质量。

二. 精华部分---万能123找茬1. 从整体来说：开头结尾不是最重点，中间部分才是重中之重2. 就中间部分来说：具体的语言不是最重点，攻击思路才是重中之重结论就是，攻击思路是重中之重，所以万能123找茬才是重中之重，比万能123模板(语言文字)及开头结尾给重要。

三.精华部分的注释这里是注释：(对照序号看)① 一因为此调查或研究没有提到样本sample，所以可以攻击其样本可能不具代表性，例如1。

样本太小不具代表性2。

样本特殊不具代表性二有了样本仍然可攻击样本没有代表性，例如1。

样本太小不具代表性2。

样本的倾向性问题，即某类人群比其他多数人更愿意参加调查或研究三没有论据的声称其实是很万能的，多用于攻击一些不是调查也不是研究的论据(具体可参照我的例文)② 一这个嘛虽然被某些新东方老师分为3大类，其实本质还是一样的，就是一个群体的特征推到另一个群体身上。

GRE作文之Issue和Argument的区别及技巧

GRE作文之Issue和Argument的区别及技巧今天来了解一下Issue和Argument的区别及技巧,我们一起来看看吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

GRE作文：Issue和Argument的区别及技巧GRE作文之Issue：准备提纲Issue要求考生根据所给的题目，完成一篇表明立场的逻辑立论文。

Issue题库涉及社会、文化、科技、历史、政治、艺术等诸多方面。

不同类型的题目有较大差别，但在同一类型的题目中却包含了许多命题方向非常接近的题目。

Issue写作对于论据的要求是非常高的，因此你的名人事例的储备，相关知识量的积累是非常重要的。

这一环节也正是GRE考生最为头疼的一部分，举不出支持自己的观点的例子，因此让自己的文章显得只有苍白的论证，缺乏说服力。

因此要多读历史，积累例子，尤其关注那些重要的哲学家、科学家、艺术家、政治领袖等人的生平事迹、主要贡献。

例如Issue里的这样一道真题：“Trulyprofound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with theirtime and theirsociety。

”(真正影响深远的思想家和具有高度创造力的艺术家总是与他们的时代和社会步伐不一致)。

这个题目如果没有必备的那些思想家和艺术家的例子，文章必然缺乏说服力。

因此读历史积累写作素材，具体说就是论据素材是拿高分的一个重要环节。

另外，写提纲对于Issue部分的备考是至关重要的，也是最占用时间、最核心的一个环节。

每一个题目的提纲力求详细，不用去写开头段和结尾段，就写正文各段你的各个分支观点，也就是正文部分的论证过程。

除了论证以外，写完后想想可以用些什么论据，把支持论证的论据也写上。

需要强调的是，一定要较为详细地写Issue提纲，否则，在考场如果遇到没有思考过的题目，很容易自乱阵脚，导致失败。

此外，题目必须考前按题材分类去写提纲，看懂，知道对立面和大致写作思路。

英语考试作文-GRE写作ARGUMENT区分主次要逻辑漏洞技巧真题实例讲解

英语考试作文GRE写作ARGUMENT区分主次要逻辑漏洞技巧真题实例讲解GRE写作中的两篇文章要求不同，ISSUE 作为立论文类似大家常写的议论文难度不大。

而ARGUMENT作为驳论文考生想要快速找到主要漏洞还是有一些难度的。

有些考生常常抓住一些细枝末节大写特写，其实说服力并不足够。

为了帮助大家写好ARGUMENT作文，下面就结合实际真题案例为大家提供快速找准主要漏洞的诀窍技巧。

GRE写作怎样判断主次要逻辑漏洞?如上文所说，其实很多时候一篇argument题目素材里，存在的逻辑漏洞往往不止一处，对于一些写作驳论文经验丰富的考生来说，有些题目甚至一眼望去就是千疮百孔的。

但这并不代表大家随便抓住一点就可以写出很有说服力的文章。

学会区分逻辑漏洞的主要和次要，集中精力从主要漏洞入手进行写作才能让文章更有说服力。

下面通过一个实例为大家分析：GRE写作ARGUMENT真题实例分析The following appeared as part of an article in abusiness magazine.A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.作文题目翻译最近一项研究根据每晚平均睡眠时间对300名男性和女性Mentian广告经理需要的睡眠总量与他们公司的成功之间的关联。

英语考试作文-【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解

英语考试作文【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用分可能就是作文了。

虽然GRE官方公开了作文题库，但想要全部练习一遍花费时间精力太多并不现实，也无法确保高分。

更好的提分做法无疑就是看官方范文练写作。

不过，即使如此范文在使用上也是有注意事项的，错误使用只会适得其反，下面就为大家具体介绍GRE写作Argume nt作文的高分范文用法。

GRE乍文避免扣分词汇语法要过关GRE写作Argument高分范文真题实例分析真题实例The following appeared as part of an article in adaily newspaper:“Most companies would agree that as the risk of physical injury occurring on the job increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. Hence it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer: they could thus reduce their payroll expenses and save money.GRE 考试中，考生最不容易把握的一个部Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you mayneed to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.高分范文This argument states that it makes financial sense for employers to make the workplace safer because by making the workplace safer then lower wages could be paid to employees. This conclusion is based on the premise that as the list of physical injury increases, the wages paid to employees should also increase. However, there are several assumptions that may not necessarily apply to this argument. For example, the costs associated with making the workplace safe must outweigh the increased payroll expenses due to hazardous conditions. Also, one must look at the plausability of improving the work environment. And finally, because most companies agree thatas the risk of injury increases so will wages doesn ' t necessarily meanthat the all companies which have hazardous work environments agree.The first issue to be addressed is whether increased labor costs justify large capital expenditures to improve the work environment. Clearly one could argue that if making the workplace safe would cost an exorbitant amount of money in comparison to leaving the workplace as isand paying slightly increased wages than it would not make sense to improve the work environment. For example, if making the workplace safe would cost $100 million versus additional payroll expenses of only $5,000 per year, it would make financial sense to simply pay the increased wages. No business or business owner with any sense would pay all that extra money just to save a couple dollars and improve employee health and relations. To consider this, a cost benefit analysis must be made. I also feel that although a cost benefit analysis should be the determining factor with regard to these decisions making financial sense, it may not be the determining factor with regard to making social, moral and ethical sense.This argument also relies on the idea that companies solely use financial sense in analysing improving the workenvironment. This is not the case. Companies look at other considerations such as the negative social ramifications of high on-job injuries. For example, Toyota spends large amounts of money improving its environment because while its goal is to be profitable, it also pridesitself on high employee morale and an almost perfectly safe work environment. However, Toyota finds that it can do both, as by improving employee health and employee relations they are guaranteed a more motivated staff, and hence a more efficient staff; this guarantees more money for the business as well as more safety for the employees.Finally one must understand that not all work environments can be made safer. For example, in the case of coal mining, a company only has limited ways of making the work environment safe. While companies may be able to ensure some safety precautions, they may not be able to provide all the safety measures necessary. In other words, a mining company has limited ability to control the air quality within a coal mine and therefore it cannot control the risk of employees getting blacklung. In other words, regardless of the intent of the company, some jobs are simply dangerous in nature.In conclusion, while at first it may seem to make financial sense to improve the safety of the work environment sometimes it truly does not makefinancial sense. Furthermore, financial sense maynot be the only issue a companyfaces. Other types of analyses must be madesuch as the social ramifications of an unsafe work environment and the overall ability of a company to improve that environment (i.e., coal mine). Before any decision is made, all this things must be considered, not simply the reduction of payroll expenses.实例分析1.这篇GRE乍文首先在字数高达599words, GRE考试虽然没有对写作提出明确的字数要求，但其评分时偏好字数。

英语考试作文-GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段高分写法分享学习范文思路要从头开始

英语考试作文GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段高分写法分享学习范文思路要从头开始GRE写作中的ARGUMENT作文开头如何写好是许多同学关注的问题之一。

之所以受到关注是因为ARGMENT的文章题材属于议论文中的驳论文，而这种文章大多数考生都涉猎较少，不仅没写过英文的，可能连中文的驳论文都没怎么接触过。

因而大家往往从开头段的写法就存在问题。

为了帮助大家提升写作水平写好GRE作文ARGUMENT的开头段，下面就结合GRE官方ARGUMENT范文为大家做详细介绍。

GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段写法介绍GRE写作ARGUMENT作为驳论文，其写作特点是不需要考生本身提出某个观点，考生需要做的只是从给出的题目素材中寻找漏洞逐一反驳，这就给习惯了写立论文开头先写观点的考生带来一些写作思路上的挑战。

其实ARGUMENT开头段除去抛出观点外在写法上和其它议论文是基本一致的，以下就是比较好的写法：1. 首句开门见山指出文章逻辑错误可以先通过一个小小的让步，指出文章的论证有其道理(这里可以高度概括一下文章逻辑论证思路和方法by comparison …with…)relatively/appear to/seem to/well presented/after all(注意这里不要summery the argument,要immediately engage the argument!)，然后笔锋一转however/while指出文章逻辑是有问题的。

2. 简单概括文章的逻辑错误，用高度凝练的语言提示下文论证思路这里又分为好几种方法：a. 用first/in addition/also等清晰地列出文章逻辑错误和下文反驳要点。

b. 指出施行题目中建议的后果。

c. 只提示下一段的论证，承接下一段(不推荐)。

d. 用列举他因的方式提示下文论证要点。

以官方范文为例Argument test 1: Speed Limits in Forestville.Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.“Six months ago the region of Forestville increased the speed limit for vehicles traveling on the region’s highways by ten miles per hour. Since that change took effect, the number of automobile accidents in that region has increased by 15 percent. But the speed limit in Elmsford, a region neighboring Forestville, remained unchanged, and automobileaccidents declined slightly during the same six-month period. Therefore, if the citizens of Forestville want to reduce the number of automobile accidents on the region’s highways, they should campaign to reduce Forestville’s speed limit to what it was before the increase.”Models from Practice Book6分：The agrument is well-presented, but not thoroughly well-reasoned. By making a comparison of the region of Forestville, the town with the higher speed limit and therefore automobile accidents, with the region of Elmsford, an area of a lower speed limit and subsequently fewer accidents, the argument for reducing Forestville’s speed limits in order to decrease accidents seems logical.However,这篇开头一开始就直截了当指出这篇argument是not well reasoned,然后高度概括了题目中的要点和题目的观点，下文反驳的第一段就用however承接，逻辑连贯，是大家比较喜欢的argument开头。

GRE作文中的argument分析报告

GRE作文中的argument分析报告《GRE作文argument范文分析》是由出国GRE栏目小编为您推荐，希望对您的GRE考试有所帮助!为了您的方便使用，您可以.很多人认为argument相对于issue来说容易些，也更好操作些，更容易拿高分。

我个人认为这是个误区。

我们最后拿到的成绩是个平均分，没有人知道具体每篇是多少。

尽管有的同学会猜测自己得分是多少多少，但是猜测毕竟是猜测。

因为游戏是ets定的，他的标准和我们心中接受的标准肯定是不一样的，打个比方，看看后面第三篇满分范文，让一般人看，估计没有几个人会毫不犹豫地给满分，甚至高分，但在ets眼中它就是满分;另外，实际上新东方的模版写出来的argu文章和官方范文给出的满分文章是有很大差别的，主要体现在是一个是零散凑成的(所谓的让步式攻击有时只是形式上的)而另一个是有核心思想的，我会在后面的分析中具体说明。

既然这样，那完全有可能最终4分是来源于3分的argue 加5分的issue，而不是反之。

所以说，我们有可能高估了我们写argument的能力。

第一部分awintro中A部分重点语句的归纳和梳理，方便与后面的分析相对照。

这里所有的英文均一字不差的摘自awintro。

同时也作为我的另一篇文章awintro的解读中的argument部分的补充。

第二部分是我的对于全部6份官方范文(结合awintro)的分析，本文属于个人观点，一家之言难免存在偏颇和不足之处，恳请大家多多指教。

第三部分为总结。

第四部分为了显示不是纯扯淡，并让我的证明更加具体，我按照我分析出来的结果也独立写了一篇文章，请大家狂拍。

注：我把awintro和没有加入分析的六个范文放在附件里了，欢迎大家下载。

5、ets就像是一个羞涩的女孩，从来不会直接告诉我们她想要什么，但同时，也在无时不刻的不在暗示我们她想要什么。

GRE作文5.5分轻松备考：ARGUMENT备考概述

GRE作文5.5分轻松备考：ARGUMENT备考概述ARGUMENT 备考概述Argument 要我们先看一篇短文，然后抨击其中存有的逻辑错误。

那么，什么是逻辑错误？其实它就有点像小孩玩的脑筋急转弯，但是比脑筋急转弯还简单很多。

比如，他说，M 城市在 10年前经济低谷时期推出了政策 P 以后经济状况迅速回升了，现在 N 市也陷入经济低迷时期，所以 N 市也应该推行政策 P。

该推理中存有三个明显的逻辑错误：首先，他把 N 市等同于 M 市，默认为两个城市经济低谷情形相同，其实可能存有很多差异，根本不可同日而语；另外，他还认为政策 P 在今天会和 10年前一样起作用，这又犯了认为事物一层不变的错误；最后，他没有考虑并排除其他更好的途径来解决 N 市的经济问题，可能有更好的解决方案。

通过这个例子，基本能够了解Argument 的逻辑错误了。

把上面的三个错误分三段写出来，举出反驳的例子，再加上开头、结尾段，就成了一篇Argu作文。

其实，A 的准备相对 I 要简单得多，所以准备 GRE 作文不妨就从 A 下手。

推荐北美范文的 A 部分，确实写得不错（不推荐看它的Issue）。

因为 A 的模板性很强，能够直接学习北美上的文章结构，句式稍作修改就能够挪为己用了，一般不会被判为雷同。

直接开始 A的方法就是，从十来篇 A 范文中找出 A 的写作思路与文章结构，学习常用的抨击句式，然后能够开始尝试写 A，不写就不知道自己的弱点，就没有办法提升，最忌讳的是怕动手写。

可能开始是一两篇会用时很长，但是写到三五篇熟悉了思路就开始顺畅起来。

写到十篇就能够比较自己写出来的文章，当然以开始的文章可能不堪入目，但后来几篇就基本成形了，需要回顾并总结出自己的优点，修改自己的不足。

总结写作思路，如何读题，如何组织几个主要错误，如何抨击这些错误，有什么固定套路，有什么特定句式等等。

此外，每天模考两篇（至少 1 篇）Argu 很有必要，并且即时做修改，准备A 提纲时遇到一些自己认为比较难的题目，就看看北美范文（如果上面有该题范文的话），借此拓宽思路，比较出自己距离范文的差别，总结如何提升。

漫谈GRE考试中的Argument写作与实战准备方略

随着GRE作⽂考试的普及，其对考⽣真实写作能⼒的反馈，使越来越多的学校要求申请⼊学的学⽣提供此项成绩。

GRE Analytical Writing部分包括：presenting your perspective on an issue（写作时间为45分钟）和argument analysis（写作时间为30分钟）两部分。

要写好GRE写作中的Argument部分，⾸先要熟悉⼀下思路及写作⽅式。

⼀些⼈写GRE⽂章，喜欢⽤专业性的逻辑⽤语，其实没有必要，就事论事⽐较好。

在批驳的时候为了显得有⼒，可以多⽤⽤for example，it is possible that，it is likely that之类的句型，因为argument就是挑错与找茬的过程，如果实在觉得错误不好找，那么就根据每⼀句话批，基本上，每⼀个表⽰原因的句⼦中都可能存在逻辑错误。

⼀、关于论证、论据和论点有⼈认为，argument背⼀下错误分类就可以了。

但是在实践中这些只是次要的⽅⾯，主要的还在于寻找论述者的论据和事实是否对论点做了充分且必要的证明。

只有找出他们之间的缺点和不⾜⽂章才会流畅。

掌握逻辑的因果关系，更好的把握⽂章的结论会写出更漂亮的⽂章，⽽不是仅仅的survey、response、data等⼀些谁都⽤的东西，⽆论什么都是越具体越有说服⼒。

要注意论据与论点之间的承接和递进，这⼀点也是造成⽂章微观上逻辑不好的重要原因。

往往是这样⼀种情况：⼤体上看总论点分论点结尾很明确清楚，可⼀到具体的每⼀段，就感觉跟在论点之后的论据来得很突兀，只是论点—论据—结尾，缺少了深⼊的分析和思考。

这就要求我们在论点和论据之间加⼀些适当的分析性语⾔过渡⼀下；在论点和每⼀段的结论之间如果适合的话也分析或递进⼀下。

⼆、关于论证⽅法例证是第⼀推荐的论证⽅法。

⾸先写作⽂不像做数学题⽬：照着公理定律往下⼀步步推就⾏了。

现实世界中放之四海⽽皆准的东西寥寥⽆⼏，⽤逻辑的⽅法推演往往会使⽂章显得说服⼒不强。

gre写作issue与argument的异同

gre写作issue与argument的异同在gre写作考试中会有issue和argument。

那么，各位对gre作文issue、gre 作文argument有没有进行过了解呢?下面我就和大家共享gre写作issue与argument的异同,希望能够关怀到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

gre写作issue与argument的异同考生想要在gre写作中取得好成果，就需要同时写出两篇不错的文章来，这对于不少英语基础一般，写作水平也一般的同学来说并不简洁做到。

不过，假如大家能够充分了解gre作文issue和argument的异同点，并进行足够的练习，高分作文也还是很有把握的。

下面我就为大家全面解析gre写作两篇作文的异同之处，关怀大家练好写作思路确保作文高分。

gre写作两篇作文相同点虽然gre作文argument和issue有很多不同之处，但在一些基本的规范和要求上还是有共通之处的：1. 文章基本要求相同gre两篇作文的考试时间都是30分钟。

考生需要在30分钟内完成从审题到构思到最终成文的整个流程。

而两篇文章的文体风格也基本相同，都是属于议论文性质的写作。

因此，很多考生比较惧怕的描述类文章就不会有所涉及了。

同时，虽然gre考试本身并没有做出任何字数方面的限制和要求，但根据历年来的高分范文总结，一般作文字数在400-500字左右是比较稳妥的，这一点ISSUE和ARGUMENT两篇作文也没有太大区分。

2. 文章评分标准相同除了规范要求外，gre两篇作文在评分标准上也是基本相同的。

大致都可以分为文章整体结构、规律思维能力、对于词句语法的运用以及论据素材的使用这几个方面。

当然，由于两篇文章本身具体写作要求的区分，可能在一些评分详情上还存在不同。

3. 官方复习资源相同无论是ISSUE作文还是ARGUMENT作文，两篇gre作文的复习资源也是基本相同的。

除了官方公布的作文练习题外，高分范文、黄金词句和论据素材都是关怀考生练习写作能力锻炼作文水平需要用到的复习必备材料。

【S.W.系列】备考GRE之AW篇_Argument_

【S.W.系列】备考GRE之AW篇 (Argument)Collected and arranged By ShrewdWolf (S.W.)For GTer in P.R.ChinaFor dream, for new life, and also victory.Good Luck !Just feel free to contact me via ShrewdWolf@一． Argument开头 (3)二． Argument结尾 (3)三．让步式攻击和组织结构过渡 (5)1. 让步式攻击 (5)2. 起承转合 (5)3. Argument常用替代词 (6)<1> 基础词汇 (6)<2> 反复替代 (7)4. 段落开引出、结尾总结以及段落间的过渡 (8)四．常见的逻辑错误及其表述 (9)1.常见的逻辑错误说法 (9)2.常见逻辑错误的表述模板 (10)<1> 通用句式 (10)<2> 调查类错误 (11)A．调查可信度 (11)B．调查数据类错误 (11)<3> 因果关系 (12)A．无因果关系 Non sequitur (13)B．混淆因果Cause and Effect Confusion (13)C．时序因果Past hoc ergo propter hoc和同时因果 Concurrence Fallacy..13D．因果关系简单化 Causal Oversimplification (14)<4> 外推类错误 (14)<5> 错误类比 (15)<6> 整体和个体推导错误 (15)A．整体推出个体Fallacy of Division (包括average的情形) (16)B．个体推出整体Fallacy of Composition (16)<7> 考虑问题不全面 (16)A．未权衡利弊Failing to weigh the merits and shortcoming (16)B．不完整或者选择性比较 Incomplete/Selected Comparison (16)C．急于概括 Hasty Generalization (16)D．非此即彼类 False Dilemma (16)E．利润类Incomplete thought about profit (17)F．充分类 Sufficient Evidence (17)G．必要类 Necessary Condition (18)<8> 无理假设 Unwarranted Assumption (18)五．常见论证思路和驳斥理由 (18)1.论证思路 (18)2.背诵句式(自己不习惯用的单独拿出来背背吧) (18)3.常用辩驳的客观条件 (23)一． A rgument开头(In this argument), the author/arguer/speaker (of 简单介绍) attempts/intends to convince us/prove that/draws a conclusion/concludes/recommends that … To justify/support/strengthen/substantiate this conclusion/claim, the author/arguer/speaker cites/provides a study/poll/survey/correlation/ result of …/points out/states/indicates/claims/reasons (evidence) that … In addition/Moreover/ Besides/Meanwhile, the author/arguer/speaker also takes it for granted that/indicates/points out/states/claims/reasons that … At first glance/thought, the arguer’s underlying reasoning seem to be convincing/appealing, but from a sane/advisable perspective,/further reflection reveals that , this argument rests on a series of unsubstantiated/poor/unwarranted/unfounded/dubious/vague assumptions and omits enough warranted/insufficient/unconvincing evidence/concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument, which render it wholly unpersuasive/untrustworthy as it stands / and is therefore unpersuasive/untrustworthy as it stands. / A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless the conclusion is. /From my perspective, this argument based on problematic/critical/ vulnerable/unconvincing/doubtful/vague/ insufficient reasoning /suffers from several problematic/critical/logical flaws/fallacies which can be deeply analyzed as follows.上文是先说结论再说作者论据，也可以先说论据再说结论，前两句颠倒过来然后, Based on this unsubstantiated/poor/unwarranted/unfounded/dubious evidence/assumption the author draws a conclusion/concludes that … The author also concludes that … (适用于多个结论)以上是比较实用的语言和套路，下面来点变化的句式Although well‐presented this argument is, it’s not well‐reasoned enough from my perspective.It is far from well reasoned.By making an analogy of region A and BThis argument contains several facets that are questionable/unwarranted/not well‐reasoned二． A rgument结尾To put the conclusion in a nutshell, In conclusion/summary/sum / To sum up/conclude / As it stands, the argument is unconvincing as it stands, the arguer/conclusion/argument fails to substantiate its claims that /establish a causal relationship between A and B / is not well reasoned / is unconvincing/not persuasive as it stands / is invalid and misleading / is weak on several grounds. Tostrengthen/bolster/ support/substantiate the argument/conclusion/ To make it more convincing/ more logical acceptable, the arguer would have to/must demonstrate/provide clearer/more convincing evidence/concerning/facts/data/details about and more information about that … Moreover/Additionally/In addition/To better solidify/evaluate/access/bolster/substantiate the argument, we should need more information/evidence about/with regard to/concerning … / the arguer must provide evidence to rule out all the above‐mentioned possibilities that might weaken the argument. Therefore/Thus/As a result, if the argument had included the given factors discussed above, it would have been more thorough and logically acceptable/convincing适当添加和加以变化的句式：From what have been discussed/analyzed above /Taking into account all these analysis/ Judging from all factors above, we can draw a conclusion that … However, before any final decisions are made about that/whether … , better evidence of … should be provided to …The argument can be further improved/convincing by …Many more studies/surveys and much more work should be taken to demonstrate/rule out all possible factors which ….; before this can be made into a final decision/recommendationFacts/Statistics conclusion 1. Without ruling out/eliminating/excluding these possible scenarios, the arguer cannot reasonably rely on these (statistics/facts) to support the claim that …Analogy 1. Without showing that (the two firms) are similar in these and other respects, the (vice president) cannot justifiably concludethat ….Other possibilities 1. Without ruling out/eliminating/excluding such scenarios, the editor cannot establish a cause and effect relationship uponwhich the editor’s recommendation depends.Consequently, unless the author can demonstrate that…., theauthor’s concern about these issues is unfounded.The author explains result contributed by many causes with justone reason which can not guarantee the result.Any of these scenarios, if true, will undermine the rationalityof the argument.三．让步式攻击和组织结构过渡1. 让步式攻击It is correct that …, however, …I admit that …, yet/but …Admittedly, even if … (it is correct/warranted and acceptable)Granted that …Assuming that …Even so …, Apart from, notwithstanding Admittedly, take it for granted, granted that, assuming that, now that, even if/assuming,To some extent that this is the case, appear/seemWhile this may be true in some cases, it is equally possible thatEven if XXX has been proved as a result of ….While this maybe true/reasonable in some cases, it is equally possible that … Admittedly, the reasoning that/linking … seems reasonable on the surface/in some case.If so, even though XXX occurred after the change/policy, the argument that YYY would be seriously be weakened/unwarranted.While the argument has some merits, there are a few assumptions deserve careful/further attention.2. 起承转合逻辑结构：Finally, in the first place, in the second place, last but not least, first of all, to begin with, next, another, First and foremost递进扩展：Additionally, in addition, moreover, furthermore, meanwhile, besides, what’s more, particularly, what really/also matters/counts is让步：Admittedly, take it for granted, granted that, assuming that, now that, even if/assuming, to the extent that this is the case, appear/seem, while this may be true in some cases, it is equally possible that, even so, apart from, despite, in spite of, after all, notwithstanding对照和对比：In contrast, as compared to, in comparison with, at the same time, differentiate between ~ and ~, differentiate ~ from ~, by comparison, by contrast转折：Unlike, otherwise, however, nevertheless, though/although, instead, yet, while, in any case, on one hand, on the other hand, in spite of, rather than, on the contrary, anyway, whereas, conversely推理和反复说明：Since, because, actually, in fact, as a matter of fact, as a result, due to, owing to, thus, accordingly, consequently, hence, ultimately, thereby, therefore, as a consequence, if so, if not, according to, in other words, briefly, that is, for this/that matter引出解释：specifically, particularly, for example/instance, as a case in point, inthis/that case, as well as, such as, in addition to, consider the fact that, that is to say, in like manner, similarly, likewise, along with, in combination, in the same way, coincide with因果关系：(后接原因) owing to, in respect that, on account of, due to, since, as a consequence/result of, derive from, result from, be a response to(后接结果) result in, be responsible for, attribute/attributable to, contribute to, lead to, case, give birth to, give rise to, serve to, hence, thereby, thus, as a result, eventually, correspondingly, accordingly, consequently, (为了) so as to, for the purpose of, for the sake of, in an attempt to, in efforts to断言和反映：Assert, claim, postulate, declare, affirm, emphasize, advocate; indicate, reveal, reflect, demonstrate, imply, illustrate, infer, predict, state, point out, reason程度副词：(完全) inescapably 不可避免地, thoroughly, indeed, wholly, in any case, certainly, clearly, obviously, apparently, surly, undoubtedly, naturally, for certain, for sure, of course, never, always (有保留) possibly, perhaps, likely, probably, potentially, presumably, to some extent, in a large sense, normally, generally, likely3. Argument常用替代词<1> 基础词汇鉴于此：for that matter; in that case; for that reason; as for;断言：assert; claim; postulate; declare; affirm; emphasize; advocate;反映： indicate; reveal; reflect; demonstrate; imply; illustrate; infer; predict;表面上：on the surface; superficially; ostensibly; apparently;具体的：concrete; specific; detailed; particular; definite; informative;不管：no matter what; irrespective of whether/~; regardless of; whatsoever;缺少：in the absence of; for lack of; lacking; a lack of; in short of;不足：scant; insufficient仅仅：mere; only; nothing more than (仅仅，只不过);很多大量：a myriad of; a variety of; a multitude of; numerous; a large amount of; a great deal of;无数：innumberable, countless过度：undue; exceedingly; excessive; overstate; overemphasize;好像、可能：likely; possible; probably; perhaps; as though; maybe; may; might;解决方案：solution; approach; recipe; scheme获得：acquire; gain; attain; achieve; pursue;满足：meet; satisfy; accommodate the demand of; be accustomed to;很明显的：it is conceivable/ obvious/ apparent; conspicuous; strikingly; notably;类比：apply specifically/equally to;逻辑：reasoning; way of thinking; line of reasoning; analysis;影响：interfere with~; have/exert a profound influence on life/personality; have a dramatic/undesirable effect on;方面：angles; aspect; facet; side; viewpoint;in all respects; in many fields; highlight an aspect of; in all likelihood;<2> 反复替代（忽略了）把某因素考虑进去：(fail to; omit to); take ~ into account/ consideration; give an insightinto; account for（解释）; considering and weighing; considering andruling out/eliminate; weighing ~ against alternatives/~; concerning;按照原文的假设/推断：rest on; rely on; depend on; base on; on the basis of;upon which the argument depends;upon which the argument rest;upon which the argument relies;支持：substantiate; bolster; justify; solidify; support; strengthen;validate; in favor of; in support of;否定：=>fail;=>miss; neglect; in ignorance of; is hardly suffice to / do not suffice to; suggest nothing about;=> refute; undermine; deny; refuse; weaken;可行性：feasibility;好： vital; crucial; essential; overriding; significant; profound; play a key role; potency;逻辑好：=〉valid; feasible;=〉sound; forceful; reliable; convincing; effective;=〉persuasive; compelling; credible;好（副词）：necessarily; justifiably; confidently; reasonably;逻辑不好：=〉unwarranted; unsubstantiated; unreliable; unjustified; unfounded;without justification/warrant; premature; poor; vulnerable;indefensible; groundless; reachless=〉dubious; open to doubt; questionable; suspectable; problematic;which render it unconvincing as it stands/which render it whollyunpersuasive;=〉insufficiently; atypical /exceptional; oversimplified;=〉fallacious; flawed;=〉plausible; gratuitous;不好（副词）：unfairly; “好”的副词前面加一个can not/could not可能不是这样：(unfortunately)=>this is not necessarily the case;this is often/certainly not the case;this might not be the case;this need not be the case;common sense and experience tell us this is not the case/this assumption is a poor one;=>the argument fails to substantiate this assumption;perhaps ~that have nothing to do with~;this argument by analogy is wholly unpersuasive;this argument, nonetheless, is based on an oversimplified analysis of the cause of~ and the presumptuous correlation is unacceptable;=>although this is entirely possible, the argument provides no evidence to support this assumption;if this is not the case, then it is entirely possible that~;lacking evidence to confirm this assumption, it is entirely possible that ~;4. 段落开引出、结尾总结以及段落间的过渡Another point the author stresses is that …In evaluating the evidence of the survey, one must consider how the survey was conducted …Even if one accepts the survey results (is acceptable), the argument remains questionable.Finally, the author fails to rule out alternative/other possible explanationsAnother fallacy that weakens in this argument is that …Moreover, as mentioned in this argument …As discussed above, this argument is wakened by the fact that it does not take into account the inherent differences/regional disparity between A and B, It is at least likely that …In addition, there is absolutely no evidence provided that …is any more beneficial than any other kinds of …Finally, before I draw my conclusion, one necessary flaw/fallacy in this argument still have to be pointed that …Another important factor to consider is that ….First, the argument is based on a false analogy./ the arguer fails to consider/take into account XXX/other relevant factors that may influence in the final decision Second, the arguer commits a fallacy of hast generalization.The major problem with this argument is thatAnother fundamental point worthy considering is that/the arguer’s fallacy of XXX One unwarranted/gratuitous major assumption in this argument is the causal correlation/relationship between A and BA second problem involves the fact that …Firstly, a threshold problem/fallacy involves thedefinition/assumption/presumption/the statistical reliability of the survey. Secondly, the argument unfairly infers from the fact/assumes that …But the arguer supplies noThirdly, the argument fails to account for the possibility that …evidence to substantiate this assumption.Besides, the arguer also overlooks many other possible explanations/factors for … Although the fact above/that …might be relevant to …., for others this feature would not be relevant.Moreover, the author hasty generates that …Lacking evidence that XXX, the arguer cannot confidently draw the conclusion about/that …Without ruling out/considering/accounting for possible differences between A and B, the arguer cannot convince us that his recommendation for XX is sound and absolutely beneficial.Unless the survey/study is correctly conducted among random and valid respondent, it is possible to draw a conclusion that …In view of/ Given other possible explanations for these argument/conclusion/factors, this evidence in itself lends little credible support to the final conclusion/theory about …Without accounting for this likelihood the author cannot rely on this claim to conclude that …If so, this fact would seriously weaken the argument that …Absent evidence to substantiate the assumption that the two city’s various needs and differences are similar or negligible, any analogy between them is dubious at best.Not only does the arguer fail to AAA, the arguer also fails/omits to BBB. Comprehensive analysis is necessary to identify the actual case of …四．常见的逻辑错误及其表述1.常见的逻辑错误说法样本数据不能代表整体（数据片面）The biased sample fallacy/ a fallacy of biased sample样本不充足不充分 The insufficient sample fallacy非正即反(A或者‐A正确) The Either‐or thinking fallacy非此即彼 False Dilemma (mutually exclusive)错误类比 The “All things are equal” fallacy/ False Analogy/ Faulty Analogy无因果 Non Sequitur/ Fallacy of False Cause时序因果 The “after this, therefore, because of this” fallacy 或者 a fallacy of “Post hoc ergo propter hoc” a fallacy of “after this, therefore, because of this”偶然因果 Fallacy of cum hoc ergo propter hoc (偶然发生的事情强加因果关系)同时因果 Concurrence Fallacy a fallacy of concurrence混淆因果 Cause and Effect Confusion/ Wrong Direction因果关系简单化(忽略其它因素) Causal Oversimplification含糊类 Vague Evidence/Statistics充分类(只要有了A就能…) Sufficient Evidence Fallacy必要类(没A不行…) Necessary Condition Fallacy整体<—>个体 Composition and Division Fallacy成分‐>整体 Fallacy of Composition (such as band members and the whole band)整体‐>成分 Fallacy of Division (such as the age of univs and the age of staffs)统计数据中的以全盖偏 Ecological Fallacy (假设所有群体中的个体都具备群体的特性)利润问题 Incomplete Thought about Profit过去推出将来 Past conditions remain unchanged in present and future现在推出将来 Present conditions remain unchanged in the future不完整或者选择性比较 Incomplete comparison or selective comparison不一致比较 Inconsistent Comparison (两个不同的测试方法但是结论不相同)无理假设 Unwarranted Assumption基于概括 Hasty Generalization忽略特殊情况 (绝对主义) Fallacy of Accident (such as cutting people)由特殊情况推出一般情况 Converse Fallacy of Accident (such as white swan)充分不必要 Affirming the Consequent (such as A‐>B, but B‐>A is false)使用方法：The arguer/argument/author commits a fallacy of XXX.2.常见逻辑错误的表述模板<1> 通用句式There mere fact that XXX is insufficient evidence to conclude that ….The argument fails to rule out the possibility that …The argument provides no evidence that XXX is the reason for its predominance. But no evidence is provided to show that …The claim/evidence/assumption that … is far from being proved.Besides, what is also worth noticing is that …The arguer’s implicit claim that XXX is poorly supported.Common sense tells us that …The argument fails to consider and rule out other factors that might account for XXX. Lacking more information about XXX, it is impossible to access the reliability of the survey’s results or to make an informed recommendation.The arguer’s proposal is inconsistent with the author’s conclusion about XXX. Substantiating this assumption requires XXX.Comprehensive analysis is necessary to identify the actual case of …As it stands, the argument suffers from a host/couple/multitude of critical flaws/fallacies.Not only does the arguer fail to AAA, the arguer also fails to BBB.<2> 调查类错误A．调查可信度A threshold problem with this argument involves a survey/ study/ research itself. The statistical reliability of the survey/study/research/ is really questionable. Namely (也就是), the speaker provide no evidence that the number of the respondents (这里建议替换成调查研究中的群体。

论如何使用“琼瑶体”来解决GRE写作中的argument部分

论如何使用“琼瑶体”来解决GRE写作中的argument部分众所周知，GRE的analytical writing分为两个部分，即issue与argument。

对于很多学生来说，argument部分可能是比较新奇的内容，毕竟issue类的文章我们平时写的还是比较多的，比如托福中的独立写作部分就与issue写作的内容有类似的部分。

而argument则更像是辩论中的寻找逻辑方面的漏洞并发起攻击，平时不接触辩论的孩子可能觉得不是很熟悉这种形式。

其实，大家完全可以不用把argument当作头号阶级敌人一般的对待，今天我们就来说说，如何迅速地使用“琼瑶体”来找到argument中可攻击的内容。

首先不知道大家是否知道何为“琼瑶体”，我们先给大家举个例子：“你无情，你残酷，你无理取闹！”“你就不无情，不残酷，不无理取闹？”“我哪里无情，哪里残酷，哪里无理取闹？”“我就算再怎么无情、再怎么残酷、再怎么无理取闹，也不会比你更无情、更残酷、更无理取闹！”（此处省略100字）好了，想必看到现在，大家已经明白这所谓琼瑶体的核心了吧？没错，就是先找到对方的结论，然后反驳之，之后再对其具体原因穷追不舍，顺便最后再来个让步逻辑进一步攻击之，直到说（逼）服（疯）对方。

在我们掌握了琼瑶体的核心点之后，大家就完全可以把这个过程与步骤应用在argument的逻辑漏洞分析中了。

即首先对结论的准确性先行怀疑，之后寻找用来佐证该结论的reason与evidence并对其真实性与是否能够证实该结论进行质疑，最后可以来个让步来表示即便这个部分是正确的没问题的，其他的部分也仍旧有逻辑漏洞。

给大家举个栗子。

Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels.我们使用“琼瑶体”的步骤来试试看。

GRE作文argument写作技巧介绍

GRE作文argument写作技巧介绍GRE写作部分，想要写出一篇高分作文，同学们还是需要苦下功夫。

那么在具体的备考中，又有哪些写作技巧能够减少我们的备考障碍，更好地拿到写作高分呢?下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容，供大家参考，希望帮助考生更好地提分。

GRE作文argument写作技巧介绍GRE作文中的Argument是分析一个论证过程，所以考生需要写出一篇驳论。

由于题目所给的Argument一般是不完整因而不可信的，所以我们的文章是以削弱为主要形式的评论型文章什么是Argument?Argument译为论证过程，指的是作者为了说服他人而使用一个前提——结论式结构得出自己观点的推理过程一个完整的Argument包含以下四个要素l Premise——前提，能直接退出结论的一个条件l Assumption——假设，为了使论证更可信而额外设定的条件l Evidence——论据，为了使论证更可信而引用的客观事实l Conclusion——结论，作者最终用于说服他人而得出的观点、立场一个说服力较强的，完整的argument通常包含多个Assumption+Evidence来支持文章整体结构。

为什么要写Analysis?从ARGUMENT结构角度来讲：我们题库中的Argument文章一般是Assumption和Evidence大量缺失甚至出现错误，导致原文的结论很容易无法得出的文章。

所有的ARGUMENT文章，其基本表现形式为：“原文作者无法得出结论(因为)——削弱条件1+削弱条件2+削弱条件3——因此作者结论无法得出，如果想得出结论，就必须考虑到可能的削弱条件(123)”。

详解GRE作文2大扣分重灾区GRE写作扣分主要原因1：观点类问题GRE写作在论点上出问题的情况是非常多的，其中最主要的情况有两种，一种是论点过于宽泛，另外一种则是论点过于狭窄。

a. 观点过于宽泛在各类教导写作的材料中，大家应该时常会发现关于强调GRE写作论点一定要写得具体，越细越好的指导建议。

gre写作讲义

gre写作讲义Argument 部分一.Argument的写作特点二.Argument整体结构第一段：开头段。

主要是归纳论点，说明论点有问题，存在逻辑漏洞，准备发起进攻。

第二段和第三段甚至第四段：分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误。

第五段：结尾段。

作者的结论似乎是合理的，但是通过论证，不是这样的。

因此作者在做出决定之前，应该还要考虑其他情况。

三.如何写开头段？例.重复结论+扼要重述论据+转折（总论）In this memo the vice president of Nature's Way CNW), a chain of stores selling health food and health-related products, recommends opening a store in places . To support this recommendation the vice president cites the following facts about places : (1) sales of exercise shoes and clothing are at all-time highs; (2) the local health club is more popular than ever; and (3) the city's schoolchildren are required to participate in a fitness program. Close scrutiny of each of these facts, however, reveals that none of them lend credible support to the recommendation.四.开头段的小宝式写法（C－E－F）Merely based on unfounded assumption and dubious (suspicious) evidence, the statement draws a conclusionthat_____. To substantiate (support) the conclusion, the arguer points out evidence that_____. In addition, he indicates that_____. Furthermore, he cites the result of a recent survey in support of this recommendation. At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some substantial concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument. In my point of view, this argument suffers from N logical flaws.五.如何写正文段六.如何写结尾段七.结尾段的具体写法To sum up, this arguer fails to substantiate its claim that_____, because the evidences cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To make the argument more convincing, the arguer would have to provide more information with regard to_____. Additionally, he would have to demonstrate that_____. Therefore, if the argument had included the given factors discussed above, it would have been more thorough and logically acceptable.八.各个逻辑错误的攻击方法和语言1.Survey/Study：(1)ProcedureA. Selective sampleB. Quantity of the sampleUnless the surveyors sampled a sufficient number of and did so randomly across the entire spectrum, the survey results are not reliable to gauge_____ generally. The number of respondents/samples in itself does not Representative. For example, if the sample included only , then the results would no doubt suggest . Or if _____, (1200) would account for only a little percentage, which would renders the result of the survey meaningless.(2)Result of the surveyA. Do the statistics make any meaningful?B. Are the statistics misleadingly vague?①攻击“无相对比值”The argument tells us that “many” (a number of ) _____. However, the speaker fails to indicate the percentage of _____, so this evidence is far too vague to be meaningful.②攻击“无绝对数值”The author fails to provide information regarding theabsolute number of ____.C. RespondentsThe respondents must be statistically significant in number and representative of the overall_____.(3)Who conducted the survey?The surveyor should be nonaligned / Cross .(4)When was the survey conducted?A threshold problem is that the editorial neglects to indicate how recently he survey was actually conducted. When samples are used to make general claims about a particular group, the samples should be close enough in time to the generalization. All we know in this editorial is that the survey was recently published. The less recent the survey itself, the less reliable the results to indicate current interest levels.2.Sufficient Evidence and Necessary Condition(1)Sufficient Evidencea.The argument assumes too hastily that ____will necessarily result in the behavior that the argument predicts. Perhaps,_____. Moreover,____.b.The fact that A is not sufficient for the prediction that B .(2)Necessary ConditionThe editor’s recommendation depends on the assumption that no factors other than A caused B . However, common sense informs me that this assumption is a poor one. A myriad of other factors, including ___or ____, might just as likely be the cause of B . To be specific,_____. Without ruling out these and other possible causes, the editor cannot justifiably conclude that only by ____ can____.3.Cause and Effect Fallacies(1) Non sequiturThe arguer fails to establish the causal relationship between the fact that ____and the claim that____. This argument is unacceptable unless there is compelling evidence to support the connection between these two events. Perhaps, for example, ____results from_____.(2) Post ho, ergo proper ho (after this, therefore because of this)Based on the fact that ____ occurred after _____, the editor infers that ____should be responsible for _____. However, the sequence of these events, in itself, does not suffice to prove that earlier development caused the later one. I might have resulted from some other events instead: ____________----tojust a few possibilities. Without ruling out scenarios such as these, the editor cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship between______ and _______ upon which editor’s the recommendation depends.(3) ConcurrenceThe argument observes a correlation between A and B , then concludes that the former is the cause of the latter. However, the argument fails to rule out other possible explanations for A or B . For example, _____. Any of these factors might lead to B . Without ruling out all other factors it is unfair to conclude that A is responsible forB.(4) Confuse the cause and effectIt is possible that the mayor has confused cause with effect respecting the recent developments in Ocean View. Perhaps A was a response to B. Since the mayor has failed to account for this possibility, the claim that _____ is completely unwarranted.4.Changing Scope Fallacies(1)Different conceptsA threshold problem involves the definition of A . The arguer fails to define this critical term. If A is definedas B , then how C , is irrelevant to whether____. In short, without a clear definition of A , it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.(2)What is true for a member is also true for the groupThe argument resets on the assumption that typify nationwide . If this is not the case, then it is entirely possible that Thus, lacking more marketing information about ____ nationwide, it is difficult to assess the merit of the memo’s recommendation.(3)Assuming that characteristics of a group apply to each group memberOne problem with the argument is that it assumes that the nationwide (characteristics of a group apply to every member of that group) statistics about _____ applies equally to ， Yet this might not be the case, for a variety of possible reasons. Perhaps ______; or perhaps ______ . Without ruling out such possibilities, the author cannot justifiably conclude that _____.(4)Average5.Incomplete Thought(1)Failing to weigh the advantage and disadvantage thoroughlyIn addition, the author fails to consider the possible negative impacts brought about by .(2)ProfitThe author’ conclusion that _____ is unwarranted. Profit is factor of not only revenue, but also costs. It’s entirely possible that the costs of_________ , or other costs associated with ________, will offset, even outweigh the revenue. Besides, a myriad of other possible occurrence, such as unfavorable economic conditions, might prevent ______ from being as profitable in the foreseeable futures as the argument predicts.6.All things remain unchanged over time(1)Past conditions remain unchanged in the present and futureThe author claims that ______, because _____ . The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different time. The assumption is unwarranted because things rarely remain the same over extended periods of time. There are likely all kinds of difference between A and B . For example, A_______; however, B______. Any of these scenarios, if true, would serve to undermine the claim that ______(2)Present Conditions will remain unchanged into thefuture7.Vague evidence8.Analogy and comparison(1)False analogyThe arguer’s recommendation relies on what might be a poor analogy between A and B. The analogy falsely depends on the assumption that ______ in both A and B are similar. However, it is entirely possible that A与B存在很大的不同. In short, without accounting for important possible differences between A and B, the arguer cannot reasonably prove the proposed method will help A_____ .(2)Incomplete or selective comparison(3)Comparison and Variation9.False dilemmaEven assuming A is not the reason for the B , the author falsely assumes that the B must be attributable to C. This “either-or ” argument is fallacious in that it ignores other possible causes of the B . For example, perhaps 其他可能原因, or perhaps 其他可能原因10.Unwarranted AssumptionThe author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that ______. However, no evidence is stated in the argument tosupport this assumption. For example, it is most likely that ______. Therefore, the argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.11. Hasty generalizationIn addition, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. Even if A , it does not follow that B . It is highly possible that other factors may have contributed to B. For instance, __________ . Besides, the arguer does not provide any solid information concerning B. Without ruling out these and other possible factors that give rise to B, the author cannot confidently conclude that ______.。

举例说明什么是GRE写作Argument

GRE写作Argument非此即彼类错误分析

英语考试作文-【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解

GRE的argument写作万能模板

GRE作文之Issue和Argument的区别及技巧

英语考试作文-GRE写作ARGUMENT区分主次要逻辑漏洞技巧真题实例讲解

英语考试作文-【作文分析】GRE写作Argument高分范文用法真题实例讲解

英语考试作文-GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段高分写法分享 学习范文思路要从头开始

GRE作文中的argument分析报告

GRE作文5.5分轻松备考：ARGUMENT备考概述

漫谈GRE考试中的Argument写作与实战准备方略

gre写作issue与argument的异同

【S.W.系列】备考GRE之AW篇_Argument_

论如何使用“琼瑶体”来解决GRE写作中的argument部分

GRE作文argument写作技巧介绍

gre写作讲义

英语考试作文-GRE写作ARGUMENT开头段高分写法分享学习范文思路要从头开始