张道真实用英语语法课件Chapter 10

The imperative mood

A. Definition
The imperative mood is used when we're feeling sort of wish and want to give a directive, strong suggestion, or order.
Chapter 10
Subjunctive Mood
Warming-up

Group discussion Topic for discussion: Do you know the types of mood and give some examples to illustrate each type as well?
statement)
I hope our country will become strong and prosperous. (propose an idea)
The interrogative mood

Definition
The interrogative mood is used to ask a question. e.g. Have you ever been to Japan? What’s your nationality? (ask a question)
c. The past perfect form — had + V.pp
e.g. I wish hadn’t done so. If only I had listened to your advice. If I had seen her, I would have told her.
The use of subjunctive mood in the conditional sentences
The use of subjunctive mood in the conditional sentences
1) When the subject is the first person, ―should‖ can be used in the main clause e.g. I should (would) have talked to mother if I had thought of it. I should (would) never have done it if I hadn’t been so hard up. 2) ―could, might, should‖ can also be used in the main clause e.g. If my father had lived, he could have done all this for me. If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life. If he had apologized, you should have done so too.
The subjunctive mood

A. Definition
The subjunctive mood is used in dependent clauses to indicate the imagined conditions or subjective wishes.

B. Main types
a. The indicative mood b. The interrogative mood c. The imperative mood d. The subjunctive mood
The indicative mood

Definition
The indicative mood, which describes most sentences on this page, is used to make a statement or propose an idea. e.g. Ours is a great socialist country. (make a
General introduction

A. Definition
Mood in verbs refers to one of three attitudes that a writer or speaker has to what is being written or spoken.

B. Main types
The use of subjunctive mood in the conditional sentences
3) ―had not been for‖ can be used in the subordinate clause, means ―but for‖. e.g. If it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have got into serious trouble. If it hadn’t been for Margaret, I might not have understood. 4) Sometimes ―if‖ can be omitted, but with the inverted order e.g. Had she been asked, she would have done it. Had it not been for their support, we couldn’t have won the election. Had Mark been in charge, it wouldn’t have happened.
The use of subjunctive mood in the conditional sentences
4) In some conditional subordinate clauses, sometimes ―if‖ can be omitted but with the inverted order. e.g. Were I Tom I would refuse. Should you require anything just give me a ring. 5) Sometimes the subordinate clause can be used in the sentence pattern ―If it were not for‖, meaning ―if not‖. e.g. If it weren’t for your help, we would be in serious trouble. Were it not for their loan, our life would be very difficult.
e.g. You go on; I’ll wait. Someone go and fetch a chair. Be quiet, children.
The imperative mood
c. ―let‖ can be used in the imperative mood
e.g. Let us stand together in this emergency. You’re ill. Let me get the doctor.
The use of subjunctive mood in the conditional sentences
2) Sometimes ―might / could + V.‖ can also be used in the main clause e.g. If you tried again you might succeed. If he had a permit he could get a job. 3) Sometimes ―were to + infinitive‖ or ―should + infinitive‖ can be used in the subordinate clause e.g. If he were to resign, who would take his place? If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. If you should have any difficulty in getting the medicine, (you could) ring this number. If the toys should arrive in a damaged condition, please inform us at once.

B. Some main points
a. The verbs in imperative mood are the present forms, which is to indicate requirements, invitation, advice, suggestion, warning, and order, etc.
The imperative mood
e.g. Come and join us. (invitation) Harry up! (urge) Put down your gun! (order)
b. It is not necessary to show the subject in the imperative mood, but sometimes it is.
b. The past subjunctive mood — was, were/ V.ed
e.g. Imagine your child played truant. She treated me as though I were (was) a stranger. If only I were not so nervous.
The use of subjunctive mood in the conditional sentences
b. To indicate the past condition Main clause Subordinate clause had + V-ed had / would have + V-ed e.g. If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport. (actually I didn’t know) If I had left sooner, I’d have caught the bus. (I left late)
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A. Sentences of Real Condition & Sentences of Unreal Condition
Sentences of Real Condition e.g. If you are waiting for a bus you’d better join the queue. If he has written the letter, I’ll post it. Sentences of Unreal Condition e.g. If I had enough money, I would buy a computer. If you had arrived a little earlier, you would have seen her.
The use of subjunctive mood in the conditional sentences

B. Sentences of Unreal Condition
a. To indicate present and future conditions 1) To show the present or future conditions Main clause Subordinate clause would + V. –ed e.g. If I had a map I would lend it to you. (I have no map) If I lived near my office, I’d walk to work. (actually I live far from my office)
a. The present subjunctive mood — The present form of verbs
e.g. God bless you. She petitioned the king that her father be pardoned.
The subjunctive mood