(精品)简单句与复合句转换

简单句与复合句转换

英语中的句子按照结构可以划分为三种类型：简单句、并列句、复合句。这三种句子类

型中，尤其是简单句与复合句之间常相互转换使用。掌握一些有关句型转换的知识，学会如

何进行句子类型之间的转换，有助于我们运用所学过的不同的句型来表达相同的意思。简单

句与复合句之间转换是英语句型转换的一种重要形式，也是我们运用英语所应掌握的技能。

I. 简单句与复合句的互换

把一个简单句转换成一个复合句，一般是将一个短语变为一个从句。相反，复合句转换

为简单句时要把一个从句变为一个短语。

1. The for eigners want to know how they can learn to do Chinese Kongfu well. →　The

foreigners want to know how to learn to do Chinese Kongfu well.

【解析】含宾语从句的复合句变为简单句，可以把宾语从句改为"疑问词+不定式"的结

构或者改为"主语+谓语+宾语+宾补"这种结构；简单句变复合句，一般是把宾语扩大为宾语

从句，其宾语从句应该用将来时或"情态动词+动词原形"的形式。

2. She was so weak that she couldn't take care of her baby. → She was too weak to take care

of her baby.

3. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. → The ice on the lake was not thick enough for people to skate on.

【解析】当so...that从句是否定句，其主语与主句主语相同，可用句型too...to do sth.替

换；当so...that从句是否定句，其主语与主句主语不相同，可用句型too...for sb. to do sth. 替

换；当so...that从句是肯定句，其主语与主句主语相同时，可用...enough to do sth.替换；当

so...that从句是肯定句，其主语与主句主语不相同时，可用...enough for sb. to do sth.替换。

4. Be brave, or you'll lose your chance. → If you aren't brave, you'll lose your chance.

5. Come on, or we'll miss the early bus. → If we don't hurry, we'll miss the early bus.

【解析】"祈使句+or+简单句"可转换为"if引导的否定的条件句+主句"的句型；"祈使句

+and+简单句"可转换为"if引导的肯定的条件句+主句"的句型。

6. She seems to be worried now. → It seems that she is worried now.

【解析】seem是关于内心活动的用语，含有心中所想象的意思在内。seem后接动词

不定式，也常用It seems that结构。简单句变为复合句应特别注意它们之间的同义可换性。

II. 简单句与简单句的转换

简单句本身可以通过对句子成分(包括主语、谓语、宾语、状语和定语)或句型自身的调

整来表达相同或相近的意思。常见的转换方法有：①"词与词的转换"(如：反义词的转换、

同义词的转换、代词的转换、词性的转换)；②"词与短语的转换"(of属格与's属格的转换、

时间表达的转换等)；③"句式与句式的转换"(如：How old is (are)...?与What is sb.'s age?的转

换、How do you like...?与What do you think of... ? 的转换、"动词+ sb. + sth."与"动词+ sth. +

介词+ sb."的转换等)。

7. We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday. →　It took us twenty minutes to

clean the room yesterday.

8. The motorbike cost him 7,000 yuan last year. →　He paid / spent 7,000 yuan for / on

(buying) the motorbike last year.

【解析】spend与take都可以表示"做某事花某人多少时间或金钱"。spend的主语用

某人表示；take的主语用it。即"(Somebody)spend some time (in) doing sth. / on sth."这一句型

可换成"It takes / took somebody some time to do sth." 句型。两个句型都可表示"某人花若干时

间做某事"。但在转换时，应注意语序的变化，尤其是前一个句型中(in) doing或on sth.，在

后一个句型中应改为to do sth.。"spend...doing sth."相当于pay...for, 它们之间可转换使用。

9. Jane says science isn't so inte resting as music to her. → Jane says science is less interesting

than music to her.

10. She rides a bicycle more carefully than anyone else in her class. →　She is the most

careful bicycle rider in her class.

【解析】常见的比较等级之间的转换有：①"not so / as+原级+ as"可改为"比较级+ than"；

②"not so / as+原级+as"可改为"less+原级(多音节词)+than"；③"最高级+of / in短语"可改为

"比较级+than any other+复数名词/ than any of the others / anyone else / anything else"；④

"like...better (than)"可改为"prefer...(to)"。

11. The exhibition of children's art began a few days ago. → The exhibition of children's art

has been on for a few days.

12. My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago. → My grandpa has been in the Party for

thirty years.

years.

13. Sam's grandfather died 10 years ago. → Sam's grandfather has been dead for 10

【解析】含一般过去时与现在完成时句式之间的转换是很常用的。在现在完成时中，延

续性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词不能。但是，可以用别的方式来表达：①瞬

间动词用于"一段时间+ago"的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改写成与之相对应的延续

性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于"It is +一段时间+since+一般过去时"的句

型中；④瞬间动词用于"Some time + has / have passed + since + 一般过去时"的句型中。另外，

将来时"be going to"结构与"will / shall"结构的转换；进行时(如come , go动词)可与将来时的

转换。

14. You must throw the broken pottery away at once. → The broken pottery must be thrown

away at once.

15. Every one should give back his or her library books on time. → Library books should be returned on time.

16. People make great use of computers widely in the world. → Computers are widely used

in the world.

【解析】①主动句变被动句的方法是：首先把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，再把

谓语动词变为被动语态，最后加上介词by的宾语(有时可省略)；②被动句变为主动句的方

法是：先把被动句中by的宾语变为主动句的主语(如被动句中省略了介词by及其宾语，一

般可以用we, you, they等作主语)，再把谓语动词改为主动语态(即把be去掉)，最后把被动

句的主语改为主动句的宾语，主动句的时态与被动句中be的时态一致；③在let, make, hear,

see, watch等后的动词不定式在主动语态中不带to，变为被动语态时，要加上to；④双宾语

动词结构变为被动语态，则应在间接宾语前加上相应的介词to或for。如：

Li Lei was given a bike by Mr Wang. → Mr Wang gave a bike to Li Lei.

III. 二合并一成简单句

有时为了使句子结构更加紧凑，语言更加生动，我们可以把两个或两个以上的简单句合

并为简单句，这样，句子意思上的联系显得更密切。

17. Lucy can't sing the English song "Yesterday Once More". And Lily can't sing it, either. →　Neither Lucy nor Lily can sing the English song "Yesterday Once More".

18. This store sells men's shoes, and it also sells men's clothes. → This store sells not only

men's shoes but also men's clothes.

【解析】两个意义相关的简单句合并为一个简单句。常见的方式有三类：①用both...and,