新概念英语第三册语法：平行与省略

新概念英语第三册语法：平行与省略

平行结构：

即并列结构：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成并列。平行结构应该是名词和名词，副词和副词，分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词和动词，句子和句子等的并列，而不能其中一个概念用分词结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。

平行结构在英文学习中是个拓展层面，掌握后会对自己的语感有很大提升。比如美国前总统肯尼迪当年的名言：And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. 就是用了这种平行结构。

新三中的平行结构也是不甚枚举，一起来看一下：

第15课： George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed is right arm through the drain cover.

第27课： He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.

第37课： Ships may be delayed by storms; flights may be cancelled because of bad weather, but trains must be on time.

第47课： Lawn mowers whining on a summer's day, late-night parties in apartment blocks, noisy neighbors, vehicles of al kinds, especially large container trucks thundering through quiet village, planes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume.

省略结构：

按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences)它虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但

仍能表达其完整的意义。

第27课：In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.

在这个地方，作者省略了后面的分局中的live，但是要注意的是，只能省略live，而

by这个小介词是不可以省略的。英国文学家培根在他的《论读书》中，同样运用了省略

的修辞手法。

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. 读书足以怡情，足以*，足以长才。

Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

英文中的省略句用词楹联，言简意赅，起到一定的修饰作用，但省略必须根据习惯、语言内容和上下文而定。希望同学们在日常的阅读中多多积累这样的句子。