外刊经贸知识选读 翻译题
外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译（7）
外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译（7）旺旺英语Lesson 7 Japan Says NoTOKYOAmerica wants Japan to meet import targets for some American goods. An unwilling Japan has decided to draw the line.美国希望日本达到进口美国货物的指标，不那么情愿的日本决定划定最低界线。
Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust要点，目标of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-pacific confrontation.从前，日本面对外来压力时，或者勉强屈服，或者保持沉默，并希望这种压力逐渐消失。
外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译
外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译The Curtain Goes up 竹幕卷起Peking permits foreign investment all along its coastline ― creating differing rules and added confusion中国政府允许外国在沿海投资― 从而差生了不同的法则并引起困惑By Mary Lee in Beijing1. A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain, declared itself "open to the outside world" and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.满怀信心地中国卷起大部分竹幕，向世界宣布“对外开放”，几乎所有的城市都张挂起邀请外商来投资作正当生意的招牌。
2. The four special economic zones (SEZs) in Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, 14 coastal cities (all former treaty ports) and Hainan island (19 "open" areas in all) nave specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor. But every Provincial capital is doing its best to attract foreign investment.广东省和福建省的4个经济特区、14个沿海开放城市（都是以前的通商口岸）和海南岛（总共十九个“开放”区）为外国投资者制定了税收和其他方面的鼓励政策。
自考00096外刊经贸知识选读-翻译题
第一章1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country's industrialization programme | which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural | and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became m ore serious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。
当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。
3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period | not only because o f the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China's economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in1979. Official recognition (that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy)has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。
外刊经贸知识选读翻
旺旺英语Lesson 13Hong Kong is Tops at Cracking U.S. Shell Eggs香港是美国蛋类的大市场By Michael L. HumphreyWhile most people think of Hong Kong as a small market, it is, in fact, the largest export market for U.S. shell eggs. In 1985, the United States exported over 7 million dozen shell eggs valued as $ 4 million for food use in Hong Kong. That market alone accounted for half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of total U.S. exports of shell eggs for food use.大多数人认为香港是一个小市场，可它实际上是美国蛋类的最大的出口市场。
1985年，美国向香港出口了7百多万打食用蛋类，价值4百万美元。
仅此市场就占据了美国食用蛋类出口量的一半，总价值的40％。
Hong Kong consumers enjoy a variety of shell eggs, including fresh hen and duck eggs, dyed eggs for special occasions, eggs cooked in salt or tea leaves, pigeon eggs and preserved duck eggs. Fresh hen eggs, however, are the most popular item.香港的消费者喜欢各种蛋类，包括鲜鸡蛋，鲜鸭蛋，特殊场合下使用的彩蛋，咸鸡蛋和茶叶蛋，鸽子蛋和腌鸭蛋。
外刊经贸知识选读翻译
旺旺英语Lesson 15Weekly Commodities (telex) 每周商品行情Commodities 1商品行情（-）econews by Kate Kavanagh Oil prices seesaw to three-month low in “big bang week London”, Oct. 31 (afp)—the attention of commodities dealers was last week captured initially by events on the stock exchange, where Monday’s big bang was muffled by computer failures, but turned later to the troubled oil market.（法新社）10月31日电：在“伦敦大爆炸改革周”中，石油价格起伏不定，跌至三个月来的最低点。
——上周商品交易者们的注意力先是被股票交易所发生的事情吸引，那里的计算机出了故障从而抑制了周一的“大爆炸改革”；但随后，交易者们的注意力又转向了混乱的石油市场。
The unexpected departure of sheik ahmed zaki yamani from his post as Saudi Arabian oil minister aggravated existing uncertainty concerning the future direction of oil prices in view of severe world oversupply.在国际市场严重供大于求的情况下，沙特阿拉伯石油部长亚马尼的突然离职使本来就起伏不定的油价变得更加难以预料。
Unstable crude prices in turn prompted falls in platinum and gold, the latter to its lowest since early September, aggravated by the withdrawal of investment support as the dollar regained ground.动荡的原油价格反过来又加速了白金和黄金的降价，而且由于美元重收失地，投资者纷纷撤回投资，黄金还降到了九月初以来的最低点。
5《外刊经贸知识选读》练习资料-短文翻译
《外刊经贸知识选读》练习资料-短文翻译翻译题1. The good news for Asian exporters to Europe is that after three years of recession, the 12 European Union economies are creaking back to life. That means consumers are likely to have more money to spend on Asian goods. The bad news is that EU trade officials, under pressure from increasingly strident industry groups, are tightening the screws on Asian imports. These include cars, TV sets, textiles and footwear. The trade friction contrasts with recent efforts by the EU to improve its diplomatic ties with Asia.2.While most people think of Hong Kong as a small market, it is, in fact, the largest export market for U. S. shell eggs. In 1985, the United States exported over 7 million dozen shell eggs valued at＄ 4 million for food use in Hong Kong. That market alone accounted for half of the volume and 40 per cent of the value of total U. S. exports of shell eggs for food use. Hong Kong consumers enjoy a variety of shell eggs, including fresh hen and duck eggs, dyed eggs for special occasions, eggs cooked in salt or tea leaves, pigeon eggs and preserved duck eggs. Fresh hen eggs, however, are the most popular item.3.Major projects outside the oil and gas sector in Abu Dhabi(阿布扎比) appear to be on hold. This applies to the Lulu island development and the third crossing project, for which tenders have been invited three times, although the prospects for medium-size infrastructure projects in Abu Dhabi are reasonable. “Look where the money is coming from, what really matters is oil and gas, " a consultant says. The consensus is that these other projects will materialize; they are just not top priority at the moment.4．Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of hist ory’s bloodiest wars. Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.然而在目前抑郁的情绪中，欧洲几乎冒险忽视了那种前进的革命性步伐，它曾以那种步伐创立了世界上最大的、最富有的自由市场——在一个大洲，那里几个世纪以来经济上的争斗已经导致了一些历史上最血腥的战争。
外刊经贸知识选读 课 带中文翻译 (9)
旺旺英语Lesson 9Prosperity Persists in the UAE阿拉伯联合酋长国持续繁荣The profits of peace and prosperity 和平与共荣益处多多1. In the two years since Iraq was ousted from Kuwait, peace and prosperity have returned to the Gulf region, and the UAE in particular. Major development plans have resumed in Abu Dhabi’s oil and gas sector and Dubai’s trade figures are soaring as more companies adopt the emirate as their regional base. Y et, below the surface calm, defence is still of great concern. The topic dominated discussions at the GCC summit in Abu Dhabi in December, and in February the government announced its biggest-ever investment in defence equipment at IDEX 1993, an exhibition held in Abu Dhabi.自从伊拉克被逐出科威特，两年来和平与繁荣又回到了海湾地区，特别是阿联酋。
阿布扎比的油气部门又重新恢复了重大的发展计划，同时由于越来越多的公司选择把自己的地区本部设在迪拜，该酋长国的贸易数字也在飞速上升。
然而，在表面的平静之下，防御仍然是人们极为关心的事情。
12月在阿布扎比召开的海湾合作委员会高峰会议上，该话题成了讨论的核心。
外刊经贸知识选读 翻译题
一、翻译题：1 p30In fact, shantou among the SEZs, and some of the 14 coastal cities plus Hainan are not even equipped with administrative support or infrastructure to cope wit h the responsibilities which the central government has placed on them. 事实上，经济特区中的汕头，14个沿海城市中的一些城市，再加上海南岛，甚至不具备履行中央政府授予的职责所需的行政支持或基础设施。
2、p31 But while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transfer are clear, how the preferential systemswill operate in not. 尽管为外资和技术转让而开放19个区域和城市的原因是显而易见的，但是优惠体制将怎样操作却无从知道。
3、P 63Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population.显而易见，中国的经济正处于进展中，距离发挥其10多亿人口的潜力还很遥远。
4、p134 An insistence that Europe and Japan create a “level playing field” for trade by agreeing to give U.S. exports the same access to their markets as foreign companies receive in the United States.坚持要求欧洲和日本实行“公平贸易”，即美国出口企业应能以外国企业进入美国市场的同等条件进入欧日市场。
外刊经贸知识选读 翻译题
外刊经贸知识选读翻译题一、翻译题:1 p30In fact, shantou among the SEZs, and some of the 14 coastal cities plus Hainan are not even equipped with administrative support or infrastructure to cope with the responsibilities which the central government has placed on them. 事实上，经济特区中的汕头，14个沿海城市中的一些城市，再加上海南岛，甚至不具备履行中央政府授予的职责所需的行政支持或基础设施。
2、p31 But while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transfer are clear, how the preferential systems will operate in not. 尽管为外资和技术转让而开放19个区域和城市的原因是显而易见的，但是优惠体制将怎样操作却无从知道。
3、P 63Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of itsbillion-plus population.显而易见，中国的经济正处于进展中，距离发挥其10多亿人口的潜力还很遥远。
4、p134 An insistence that Europe and Japan create a “le vel playing field” for trade by agreeingto give U.S. exports the same access to their markets as foreign companies receive in the UnitedStates.坚持要求欧洲和日本实行“公平贸易”，即美国出口企业应能以外国企业进入美国市场的同等条件进入欧日市场。
外刊经贸知识选读翻译
旺旺英语Lesson 14Soft Commodities非耐用商品Many prices are at historic lows, and the IMF expects further falls. Yet there are signs that the worse may be over. One key commodity, sugar, has recovered.许多商品的价格处于历史最低点，虽然国际货币基金组织预计价格还会进一步下跌。
但是，有迹象表明，最糟的局面已经结束了。
因为“糖”这种关键性商品的价格已经回升了。
Markets Have Lost Their Allure 市场已失去吸引力For Most people involved in the production and trading of “soft” or agricultural commodities, this is proving to be a grim decade.对于大多数生产并买卖非耐用商品或农业品的人来说，这十年无疑是阴暗的十年。
Prices are in many cases at, or near, historic lows in real terms as markets struggle to cope with floods of surplus produce. And—with most soothsayers forecasting flat, or still lower, prices—the markets themselves have lost much of their allure.许多情况下，产品的价格都在实际意义上处于或接近历史最低价，这是因为市场要应付泛滥成灾的过剩的农产品。
同时，大多数预言家预测价格将会持平，或者更低。
市场自身已经失去了很多的魅力。
Speculators who profited handsomely from the price volatility of the 1970s have deserted soft commodities for the newer excitement of financial futures or the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.从20世纪70年代的价格不稳中大笔获益的投机者们已经放弃了非耐用商品而寻求金融期货或有价证券带来的新的刺激以及股票和货币市场提供的巨额利润。
7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed greatly since the founding of the People’s Republic. ( )A. substantiallyB. initiallyC. secondlyD. commercially2. I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. ( )A. attractedB. prolongedC. transformedD. announced3. China’s special economic zones will still be “special”after the country’s entry to the WTO.( )A. companiesB. areasC. producesD. funds4. Now the world has witnessed China’s emergence and its impact on both the US and the Asia-Pacific region. ( )A. emergencyB. existenceC. appearanceD. distance5. In 1991, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.( ) A. reversed B. stoppedC. registeredD. consolidated6. An economic confrontation will be destroying in its own way depending on how long it is carried on. ( )A. conflictB. combinationC. consequenceD. connection7. Europe has just traversed one of its roughest economic storms in years.( )A. transmittedB. passedC. transportedD. soured8. Regional and bilateral trade agreements form an integral part of the US approach to international trade policy. ( )A. standB. issueC. wayD. thrust9. There is a trend in an attempt to compete against Microsoft’s dominance in desktop applications. ( )A. rivalB. reachC. outstripD. forge10. The UAE remains wary about Iraq’s threat to Kuwait and, therefore, to the Gulf.( ) A. massive B. parallelC. reasonableD. watchful11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment. ( )A. stimulateB. squanderC. surpriseD. sustain12. Dealers continue to secure parts sales from aftermarket (配件市场) channels.( ) A. exert B. flourishC. acquireD. subsidize13. This measure aims to support commercial promotion in order to increase enterprise competitiveness in thefield. ( )A. placeB. pushC. pressureD. pull14. It could make sense to subsidize the preschool activities of children of poor families since these children maywell receive inadequate care without such subsidies. ( )A. supportB. provideC. supplyD. furnish15. The UN Terrorism Prevention Branch describes various types of conventional terrorist weapons. ( )A. transitionalB. tropicalC. translationalD. traditional二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.36. What does “it” in the first sentence refer to? What does the sentence “the local trucks and buses jockey withCadillacs” imply?37. What do “eventually” and “give way to” mean respectively in the passage?38. Where is the biggest container plant in Asia situated? Where are the tractor-trailors going?Passage 2Gold: lower. after coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U.S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan’s discount rate.39. W hat were “New York advices”?40. What happened to the gold price when the dollar strengthened?41. What brought about the strength of the dollar according to the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company’s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company’s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results, the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company’s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.42. The purpose of this article is to discuss every market activity. ( )43. It is reasonable for companies to expect return for their expense in marketing.( ) 44. The most successful companies believe that marketing forms an additional expense.( )45. In order to make a good marketing plan, it is necessary to focus on current administrative detail. ( )46. As marketing creates standards to measure actual performance, it will produce lasting results.( )Passage 2Apart from the various subsidies governments offer to their exporters, governments also refund to their exporters the product tax, the import tariff of the components of the exported finished products. This is justifiable as they are finally to be borne by the customers in the importing nations and so the funding is not taken as a kind of subsidy. Now the average product tax refunding rate of the exported products in China is about lower than 10%.Developing nations can also adjust down the exchange rate of their currencies with foreign currencies to encourage export. This is sometimes very effective because it means to reduce prices of their goods in foreign markets. But this will also mean great loss in paying off the foreign loans and shatter the standing of their currencies in international financial markets.Nations also negotiate among themselves to ease the trade among them. They might reach various trade agreements. The present trend is regional economic integration, of which the first stage is free trade area, within which the international flow of goods is free of tariff imposition. North American Free Trade Area is such an instance. The second stage is tariff union, within which the countries not only adopt free trade policy but also united tariff system. Caribbean Community is such an example. The third stage is common market, which is more integrated in that it also allows free flow of labor and capital within this area. Finally, there is economic union, which requires its member countries to adopt uniform economic systems, such as those in finance and social welfare. They will also use the same currency.47. Product tax is a kind of government subsidy.( )48. The customers who buy the imported goods from China pay 10% less of the tariff.( ) 49. By lowering the exchange rate of its currency, the country can market its goods at a lower price in the importing country. ( )50. Adjusting down the exchange rate will sometimes make the currency less strong.( ) 51. All the forms of economic integration across the border aim at keeping trade balances.( ) 六、翻译题（本大题12分）Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion —no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204—unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.。
外刊经贸知识选读 课 带中文翻译 (4)
Lesson 4 The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective经济景观：全球视野(Excerpts)1. In 1991,for the second year in a row, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated, as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Aggregate output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than 2 per cent during 1991 (similar to the weak performance of 1990), implying an easing in per capita income of 0.1 per cent.1991年，中低收入国家以人均国内生产总值（GDP）测算的经济增长连续两年处于停滞状态。
1991年（与1990年的不景气状况相似），发展中国家的总产量的增长率略低于2%，这意味着其人均收入降低了0.1%。
2. Aggregate statistics for 1991 were influenced by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by the adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on several economies in the Middle East. Excluding Central and Eastern Europe, growth in developing countries in 1991 was3.4 per cent, compared with 3.8 per cent during the 1980s. Estimates of GDP growth by major geographic region show an acceleration in Latin America and in sub-Saharan Africa; an increase in China’s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.1991年的总数据，不仅受到了海湾危机对中东几个国家的经济的有害作用的影响，而且也受到了中、东欧国家的产量的急剧下降的影响。
外刊经贸知识选读
One1.pattern (n.)式样，样品，方式，方针1）These patterns are quite popular in the international market.这些产品的款式是目前国际市场上比较流行的。
2）A complete range of patterns was sent to you by express airmail yesterday.全套样品已于昨天以航空特快寄给贵方。
3）Each trade in each country has its own patterns of sales channels.任何国家的任何交易都有它自己的销售渠道方式。
4）There patterns of trade are changing.这些贸易方针正在变化。
2.contract (n.)合同，合约1）Contracts have been signed but work hasn’t begun yet.合同已经签订，但工程还没开始。
2）We will have the contract ready for signature.我们将备好合约待签。
(v.)缩小，收缩1）The volume of foreign trade contracted sharply during past two years.过去两年间，对外贸易额大幅下降。
2）Matals contract as they become cool.金属冷却则收缩。
3.account (n.)账目，账户，账单，会计科目1）The account will be used for payment under letters of credit,collection orders and remittances. 本账户用于信用证，托收和汇款的结算。
2）The account sales of your parcel shall be forwarded in my next letter.贵公司寄售商品的销售账单，我们将于下次函寄。
自考外刊经贸知识选读历年真题翻译部分
全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. market share17. raw material18. capital market19. foreign-exchange reserves20. bilateral pacts21. intellectual property22. free trade23. （OPEC）24. hard currency25. consumer goods三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 战略性储备27. 服务贸易28. 供应过剩29. 清算协议30. 利息付款31. 特别提款权32. 证券投资33. 生产力34. 合资企业35. 技术转让全国2009年7月自考外刊经贸知识选读试题16. in surplus17. Comecon18. preferred status19. the state apparatus20. productive forces21. exclusive contract22. state-run enterprises23. the wet market24. franchisee25. import quota system26. 海关税27. 易货贸易28. 外汇储备29. 优惠税率30. 证券市场31. 收盘价32. 经纪业33. 可兑换货币34. 主要供应商35. 汇率全国2009年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题16. vested interests17. wholesaler18. a hermit nation19. buzzword20. insolvency21. take title22. market regulation23. public tender24. countervailing duty25. consortium26．反通胀政策27．贸易制裁28．产地证明书29. 市场动力30. 转让人31. 现货市场32. 经常项目33. 收盘价34．出口配额制35．服务贸易全国自考2008年7月外刊经贸知识选读试题16. invisible account17. SEZ18. soft commodity19. per capita income20. trade sanctions21. strategic stockpile22. managed trade23. brain trust24. carbon tax25. intellectual property26. 试销市场27. 外汇收入28. 中央银行29. 消费品30. 高技术31. 国内需求32. 特别提款权33. 强硬政策34. 产地证明书35. 补偿协议全国2008年4月自考外刊经贸知识选读真题16. fiscal packages17. countervailing duty18. debt service19. liquid assets20. good resistance21. current account22. cash crops23. GNP24. deinflationary policy25. equivalent value26. 市场份额27. 供应短缺28. 世界银行29. 资本货物30. 生产力31. 国内需求32. 外汇收入33. 进口税34. 有形贸易收支35. 利润汇款全国2007年7月高等教育自学考试16. GATT17. portfolio investment18. debt restructuring19. countervailing duty20. glut of supplies21. barrier-free market22. invisible account23. preferential tax rate24. economic heavy weight25. fledgling industries26. 中国出口商品交易会27. 硬通货28. 剩余劳动力29. 试销30. 直接投资31. 资本货物32. 国际收支33. 强硬政策34. 合资企业35. 技术转让全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试16. most-favored nation treatment17. trade surplus18. hard currency19. merger of banks20. liquid assets21. a hermit nation22. trade negotiation23. at a rough estimate24. Chinese Export Commodities Fair25. foreign exchange reserves26. 国民收入27. 国际收支28. 收盘价29. 惩罚性进口关税30. 证券投资31. 商品市场33. 智囊团/ 顾问班子34. 产地证明书35. 对等价值全国2006年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试16.most-favored nation treatment17.trade surplus18.hard currency19.merger of banks20.liquid assets21.a hermit nation22.trade negotiation23.at a rough estimate24.Chinese Export Commodities Fair25.foreign exchange reserves26.独家经销合同27.经常项目28.清算协议29.人均收入30.无壁垒市场31.双重税32.房地产33.试销34.知识产权35.商业周期全国2005年7月高等教育自学考试16. counter trade17. means of production18. surplus labour19. debt restructuring20. trade reprisal21. certificate of origin22. currency exchange system23. exclusive contract24. foreign exchange earnings25. primary products26. 货币市场27. 利息付款28. 试销29. 新兴工业30. 国内需求31. 直接投资32. 供应短缺33. 大规模销售活动34. 供求模式35. 现货市场全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试16.unfair trade17.exclusive contract18.per capita income19.long-term strategy20.GATT21.financial crisis22.trade representative23.physical market24.financial deregulation25.sovereignty dispute26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税全国2004年7月高等教育自学考试16. visible trade accounts17. assembly manufacturing18. cooperative enterprises19. securities and real estate market20. nominal dollar terms21. government procurement22. fiscal packages23. risk-weighted assets24. carbon tax25. austerity program26. 贴现率28. 新兴工业29. 贸易制裁30. 无壁垒市场31. 惩罚性进口关税32. 外汇储备33. 经常项目34. 技术转让35. 市场多样化全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试16.trade fairs and exhibitions17.preferential tax rate18.vested interests19.export quotaernment procurement21.European integration22.bilateral pacts23.countervailing duty24.fledgling industries25.deinflationary policies26.国际收支27.经济特区28.高技术29.证券投资30.自由市场31.贸易壁垒32.供应过剩33.对等价值34.经济衰退35.贸易制裁全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试16.convertible currency17.customs duties and taxation18.good infrastructure19.deinflationary policy20.trade sanction21.at the summit meeting22.on a conservative estimate23.price hike24.self-sufficient25.liquid assets26,股票市场27.资本转移28.贸易歧视29.双边贸易30.欧洲大陆31.经常项目32.服务贸易33.双重税34.国有企业35.竞争优势全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试2.trade surplus3.deflation4.barter trade5.futures market6.current account7.budgt deficit8.invisible tradepensation trade10.devaluation1.市场力量2.货币政策3.最惠国待遇4.世界贸易组织5.人具所得税6.商品市场7.服务贸易8.初级产品9.国际货币基金组织10.人均国内生产总值六、翻译题（本大题12分）52. Interest in imports from China is high. The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai reporteda continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China. More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year. As a result of this activity, China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled fro m $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics. Dubai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990.52.The primary message for people who are interested to invest in the stock market is that they should ignore market timing and buy stocks for the long term. This strategy is simple and yet effective because stocks give good returns over a long period of time.The simplest strategy is the Buy—&—Hold strategy. One does not need to do anything no matter what happens after the initial investment is made. For example, you have $100 and you then decide to keep $60 in savings and use the remaining $40 to buy stocks. Whether the stock market goes up or down, you do not use your savings to buy more stocks or sell stocks to put money back into savings.52.Consumer prices posted their smallest increase in more than 50 years in 2008. A government report today (Friday) said the sagging economy is keeping inflation in check, and slashing demand for energy. Serious U.S. economic problems are at the top of President-elect Barack Obama’s agenda as he tries to rally public support for a plan to stimulate the economy with government spending and tax cuts. Mr. Obama has said he hopes to create half a million jobs with investments in clean energy projects.52.In the most recent talks about farm trade, America has shown a new willingness to compromise on details, doubtless reflecting George Bush’s need for an economic success to boast of in his election campaign. Whatever the motive a spirit of compromise makes sense for America, since it stands to gain a lot more from a successful round than any other country. But the EC continues to hesitate—because of France. French farmers are violently opposed to the reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP) that Europe’s governments agreed to last May.52.For South Korea as a whole, that seems as much a prophecy as an ambition. Like Japan in the 1960s, the country is poised for an assault on the world’s export markets. Its surging $81 billion economy is churning out a flood of increasingly sophisticated products, from shoes, toys and telephones to video recorders and microprocessors. Korea’s mighty conglomerates dominate Middle East construction, and they command key shares of the world’s shipbuilding, textile and steel indus tries.52. But some economists stressed the risks that a more aggressive U.S. policy poses. C. Fred Bergsten,director of the Institute for International Economists and a prominent member of the free-trade establishment, said he saw little evidence for a strategy, except for “a willingness to listen to protectionist appeals” from the automobile, semi conductor, steel and energy industries, among others, and a desire to mollify these industries’ powerful congressional protectors.52.During the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities has been to reduce the proportion of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications.六Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realiz ing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion — no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204— unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.VI. Now, some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy early in the 21st century. Many economists believe a standard estimate of China’s per capita gross national product ($370) is already two to three times too low. And former World Bank chief economist Larry Summers recently argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world’s largest economy by 2020.VI.Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.52. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, Itstrade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S.Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No. 1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official.“After Japan, we will be first in line for retaliation. ”Ⅵ.The local Arabic press has given full coverage to the council’s debates and to a series of informal majlis discussions held weekly during Ramadan. In the latter, the issues of youth unemployment, drugs, the role of women and the size of the immigrant population were freely discussed. However, observers say Western-style democracy is not on the political agenda as the majlis system enjoys legitimacy and appears well-suited to the tribal traditions of Gulf society.52.But while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transferare clear, how the preferential systems will operate is not. This is due largely to the intensity of competition among the 19, coupled with the inexperience of most local authorities both in making decisions and in dealing with the outside world. However, there are important differences between the SEZs and the coastal cities and even among the coastal cities themselves.Ⅵ.The relationship between trade and the environment is the thorniest of all.The difficulty facing rule- makers is this:the benefits of trade depend on the assumption that relative prices in different countries reflect differences in factors of production, productivity and so on. However, if one firm is polluting freely while another bears the cost of cleaning up its pollution, then relative costs will fail to reflect these differences, and trade that looks desirable may not be.。
外刊经贸知识选读_课_带中文翻译_(5)
旺旺英语Lesson 5 U.S. Is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen美国已做好准备任凭其贸易关系恶化By Peter BehrWashington Post Service 1. WASHINGTON—The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of a tougher U.S. policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S. trading partners get worse before they get better.克林顿政府正计划推行强硬的贸易政策路线，由此向欧洲和日本发出信号要求其更为公正的对待美国的出口，同时也表示美国政府已做好准备对待贸易关系恶化而非改善的状况。
2. The strongest signal came last week, when Mickey Kantor, the U.S. trade representative, moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for “intolerable” discrimination against U.S. companies seeking government contracts within the Community. The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged, Mr. Kantor said.美国贸易代表Mickey Kantor在上周发出了最为强烈的信号，他对欧共体12国限制美国公司参与欧洲政府采购计划迅速做出反应，认为这种做法是“不可忍受”的，并且警告说如果欧洲在六周之内不改变其现有做法那么美国将会采取报复性措施。
(完整)外刊经贸知识选读历年中英互译题汇总+答案,推荐文档
英译中答案trade fairs and exhibitions贸易展销会preferential tax rate 优惠关税vested interests既得利益export quota出口配额government procurement政府采购European integration 欧洲一体化bilateral pacts 双边条约fledgling industries新兴工业disinflationary policies 反通胀政策wholesaler 批发商buzzword 流行词汇insolvency 破产，无力偿还take title 取得控制权market regulation 市场管制public tender 公开招标countervailing duty反补贴税，抵消关税，（反倾销税）consortium 财团most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇trade surplus 贸易顺差hard currency 硬通货merger of banks 银行兼并liquid assets 流动资产，易于变卖的资产a hermit nation 闭关自守的国家trade negotiation 贸易谈判at a rough estimate 据粗略估计Chinese Export Commodities Fair 中国出口商品交易会foreign exchange reserves 外汇储备preferred status优先权the state apparatus 国家机器productive forces 生产力exclusive contract 独家经销合同the wet market 湿货市场capital market 资本市场import quota system 出口配额制fiscal packages一揽子财政计划visible trade 有型贸易convertible currency 自由兑换货币futures 期货market share 市场份额，市场占有率raw material 原材料intellectual property知识产权spot market现货市场Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行means of production 生产资料punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税trade reprisal 贸易报复brain trust 智囊团/ 顾问班子Bank of International Settlements 国际清算银行certificate of origin原产地证明书free trade 自由贸易technology transfer 技术转让34. preferential tax rate35. the service sector服务部门中译英答案汇率exchange rate经济特区the Special Economic Zone高技术high-tech证券投资portfolio investment证券市场stock market商品市场commodity market自由市场free market自由市场（无壁垒市场）barrier-free market 资本市场capital market贸易壁垒trade barriers供应过剩glut of supplies对等价值equivalent value经济衰退economic recession贸易制裁trade sanctions反通胀政策disinflationary policies产地证明书certificate of origin现货市场spot market经常项目current account进口配额import quota出口配额制export quota system服务贸易service trade国民收入national income国际收支balance of payments收盘价closing price /closing price惩罚性进口关税punitive import tariff 智囊团/ 顾问班子brain trust海关税customs duty易货贸易barter trade外汇储备foreign exchange reserves最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment 人均收入per capita income有价证券securities批发商wholesaler新兴工业fledgling industries生产力productive forces合资企业joint venture技术转让technology transfer双边条约bilateral pacts试销市场test market原材料raw material自由贸易区free-trade zone贸易逆差trade deficit。
外刊经贸知识选读 课 带中文翻译 (1)
旺旺英语Lesson 1China in the Market Place市场经济中的中国(Excerpts)（摘录）Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links--巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisation programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances. Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。
外刊经贸知识选读翻译（1）
外刊经贸知识选读翻译（1）精品⽂档Lesson 12Soft Drink Wars: the Next Battle The reformulation of Coke has given the feuding cola giants a chanee to go at each other again. 可⼝可乐的重新配⽅为长期不和的可乐巨头提供了⼀个新开战的机会。
But Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are spoil ing for yet ano ther fight, and this time they'e pick ing on the little guys: non-cola makers like Seven-Up and Dr Pepper.By Monci Jo Williams 但是可⼝可乐和百事可乐⼀⼼想进⾏另⼀场战⽃，这⼀次它们选中了⼩企业：“七喜”和“佩拍博⼠” 。
In the U.S. soft drink industry, where 1% of the market is worth $ 300 million in retail sales, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo don 'wage mere market share battles. They fight holy wars. These days the fight ing is on two fron ts. One is on the vast pla ins of the cola bus in ess, where the reformulatio nof Coke has Pepsi on the defensive. The other is in the back alleys of the smaller,non-cola market. Un til now these have bee n domin ated by other compa ni es. As growth of high-calorie colas slows, however, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are in vadi ng new territory.在美国的软饮料⾏业，1 %的市场份额就意味着3亿美元的零售额，可⼝可乐公司和百事可乐公司进⾏的不仅仅是争夺市场份额的⽃争，他们进⾏的是“圣战”。
外刊经贸知识选读 课 带中文翻译 (8)
旺旺英语Lesson 8Here Comes Korea, Inc.Like Japan in the 1960s, the old “Hermit Kingdom” is poised for将迎来an assault 冲击on the world’s markets像20世纪60年代的日本一样，一个古老的“闭关自守的国家”已准备好向世界市场发起冲击。
The ritual begins shortly after dawn. As the early morning light filters through the windows of Lucky-$8 billion conglomerate, issues instructions that echo around the world. In Huntsville, Ala., 200of things to come. As one of Koo’s lieutenants puts it: “Our future lies in becoming a truly global company.”黎明后，仪式开始。
当晨光透过汉城乐喜金星公司高耸的总部大厦的窗户时，这家拥有80亿美元资本的跨行业公司董事长具滋暻向全世界发布了引起反响的指示。
在阿拉巴马州的亨茨维尔，200名产业工人每年生产100万台“金星”彩电。
在加利福尼亚的硅谷，身着白色工装的研究人员在探索目前最先进的半导体技术的秘密。
在沙特阿拉伯的著拜尔，该公司正在进行一个新的宠大石油化学企业的最后试验。
这充分显示了其全球的势力范围，也是即发生的许多事情的预兆。
正如具滋暻的一名下属所言：“我们的未来就是成为一个真正的全球性公司。
”For South Korea as a whole, that seems as much a prophecy as an ambition. Like Japan in the 1960s, the country is poised for an assault on the world’s export markets. Its surging $81 billion economy is churning out a flood of increasingly sophisticated products, from shoes, toys and telephones to video recorders and microprocessors. Korea’s mighty conglomerates dominate Middle East construction, and they command key shares of the world’s shipbuilding, textile and steel industries. Their affiliates, joint ventures and subsidiaries girdle the globe, stretching from Australia, Indonesia and India to Norway, Spain and Gabon, Hyundai and Daewoo, with annual sales of $10 billion and $6 billion respectively, are pushing into the U.S. auto market, riveting the attention of American and Japanese manufacturers. Another colossus, the $9 billion Samsung, has started marketing a “super-tech” 256K computer chip—encouraging some Koreans to speak confidently of the day when they will become the world’s second largest manufacturer of basic electronic components, outstripping America and running just behind Japan.对整个韩国来说，那似乎不仅是个预言，也是个理想；像20世纪60年代的日本一样，这个国家准备向世界出口市场发起攻击。
外刊经贸知识选读 课 带中文翻译 (3)
旺旺英语Lesson 3Beijing Rising(Excerpts)China’s emergence as an economic heavyweight after more than a decade of fast growth makes it likely to supplant Japan as the West’s main trade worry in AsiaBy Frank Gibney Jr.经过十多年的快速发展，中国作为举足轻重的经济强国的出现，使得中国有可能取代日本，而成为西方在亚洲的主要贸易对手。
If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks. The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick that the trip from Shanghai to Zhangjiagang –only 115 kilometers away –takes five hours.如果有一条通向中国未来的路，那就是穿越上海的204国道。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
一、翻译题：1 p30In fact, shantou among the SEZs, and some of the 14 coastal cities plus Hainan are not even equipped with administrative support or infrastructure to cope wit h the responsibilities which the central government has placed on them. 事实上，经济特区中的汕头，14个沿海城市中的一些城市，再加上海南岛，甚至不具备履行中央政府授予的职责所需的行政支持或基础设施。
2、p31 But while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and technology transfer are clear, how the preferential systemswill operate in not. 尽管为外资和技术转让而开放19个区域和城市的原因是显而易见的，但是优惠体制将怎样操作却无从知道。
3、P 63Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population.显而易见，中国的经济正处于进展中，距离发挥其10多亿人口的潜力还很遥远。
4、p134 An insistence that Europe and Japan create a “level playing field” for trade by agreeing to give U.S. exports the same access to their markets as foreign companies receive in the United States.坚持要求欧洲和日本实行“公平贸易”，即美国出口企业应能以外国企业进入美国市场的同等条件进入欧日市场。
5、P137、Anyone who thinks Europe and Japan will be bullied into meeting American deadli nes and priorities isn’t awake to the changes that have occurred.”任何认为欧日会因美国的威胁而按照美国给定的期限和重点来行事的人显然都没有看清形势的发展。
”6、p171 Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with Europeanintegration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.另外某些观察人士表示，如果无法通过推进欧洲一体化来加强统一市场，那将已经取得的市场一体化成果就可能付诸东流。
7、、p230 Prosperity has flowed most readily to the large cities, and to those who f ounded—or work for—the country’s largest industrial companies. Small busines smen and their employees are still waiting for a bigger cut of Korea’s new-fou nd bonanza.大城市最容易在经济上走向繁荣，还有那些创立了该国最大实业公司的人们或为此工作的人们也很富有。
而小商人及其雇员仍在等待着大范围的削减韩国新建立的财源。
分享韩国新得财源方面依然所得微薄。
8、p275 Major projects outside the oil and gas sector in Abu Dhabi appear tobe on hold.阿布扎比天然气和石油以外的主要工程似乎均在等待之中。
9、p410 What is more, currency movements over the past year have unexpectedly made matters worse for many producers. —and helped to offset—the increasing weakness of commodity prices. might be expected to give a compensating boost to dollarcommodity prices.而且，过去一年中的货币动态出人意料地把许多制造商的事情搞得更糟。
80年代的上半期，人们普遍认为，美元的异常坚挺部分地导致了——同时也有助于弥补——以美元标价的商品价格的日益降低。
因此，又有观点说，在其他条件都不变的情况下，美元日后的下跌可能会补偿性地提高以美元标价的商品的价格。
10、p411 “The behaviour of commodity prices is, to say the least, bewildering,” remarket Mr Alister Mclntyre, the of UNCTAD, at a recent meeting of the body’s commodities committee.贸发会的代理秘书长阿里斯特?迈克因特尔先生在该组织的初级商品委员会最近一次会议上说，“至少可以说，商品的价格行为令人迷惑。
”To many developing countries, the trend is deeply worrying as well as bewildering —the terms of trade have worsened dramatically for them. Between 1980 and 1985, their export earnings from an IMF-selected sample of 17 对于许多发展中国家而言，这种趋势不仅令人迷惑，还令人深深地担忧——贸易条件对于他们已经明显恶化。
1980到1985年间，从国际货币基金组织抽取的17种商品样品来看，他们的出口收人下降了16％。
inflation. As Lloyds Bank commented recently:相反，对于工业化国家而言，商品价格的下跌是他们在对抗通货膨胀中得到的及时的恩赐。
正如劳埃德银行最近评说的：“The weakness of dollar commodity prices, combined with the decline of the dollar, is having an important tend to boost inflation, weak commodity prices have helped to prevent relatively rapid GNP growth from being accompanied by accelerating inflation.”“以美元标价的商品的疲软，再加上美元的下跌，对许多工业国家的通货膨胀起到了重要的抑制作用。
即使在美国，贬值的美元容易助长通货膨胀，疲软的商品价格有助于防止国民生产总值相对较快增长的同时出现通货膨胀加快的现象。
”商品价格普遍疲软的原因是复杂的。
作用的因素也很明显地区别于一种商品和另外一种商品。
二、词语及短语复习（包括但不仅限于下列列举内容）capital equipment 固定资本/设备national income 国民收入withdrawal 撤回most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇preferred status 优先地位，优先权balance 收支的平衡、均衡balance of payments 国际收支national income 国民收入visible trade account 有形贸易收支invisible trade account 无形贸易收支export economy 出口经济import economy 进口经济compensation trade 补偿贸易foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备capital stock 资本存量wholly foreign-owned 外商独资的preferential tax rate 优惠税率per capita 按人均计算的per capita income 人均收入GNP(gross national product) 国民生产总值GDP(gross domestic product) 国内生产总值punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税productive forces 生产力huge boost 巨大推动作用trade sanctions 贸易制裁trade surplus 贸易顺差Free-Trade Agreement 自由贸易区协定result-oriented 以结果为导向的direct investment 直接投资indirect investment 间接投资tougher 强硬的the Single market 统一大市场merger 并入、兼并continued integration 一体化进程big bang 重击free-trade zone 自由贸易区draw the line 划定底线reluctantly 不情愿的fiscal package 财政一揽子计划obtain access to a market 得到进入市场的机会White paper 白皮书trade balance(balance of trade) 贸易差额trade in service 服务贸易state-of-the-art 最先进技术发展水平的dumping 倾销anti-dumping 反倾销the Gulf region 海湾地区the Gulf countries 海湾国家on the spin-off 依靠…衍生出来的，靠…的支持OPEC(organization of petroleum exporting countries) 石油输出国组织，欧佩克crossing project 渡口工程tenders 招标top priority 第一优先historical low/high 历史最低/最高点financial future 期货money policy 货币政策capital policy 资本政策currency movements 汇率变动conventional wisdom 世俗认知、传统智慧tropical timber and hides 热带木材和皮革drought 缺少inflation 通货膨胀anti-inflationary / deinflationary policy 反通胀政策restrain inflation 抑制通胀boost inflation 增加通胀accelerate inflation 加速通胀。