交换机端口错包排查方法
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一、重要性:
从网维排查的用户反应网速慢的故障中,相当一部分是由于交换机和交换机端口、交换机端口和用户路由器端口、交换机端口和光电转换器端口、交换机端口和用户网卡匹配不当,产生错包引起的。该问题虽然比较常见,但只要按交换机开局来配置,通常能降低故障发生率,即使还存在端口错包问题,也能通过改端口速度和双工状态来彻底解决。
二、交换机端口错包说明:
以华为交换机端口为例进行说明:
[NJ-A-GJXC-S3026C-1]dis int eth 0/1
Ethernet0/1 current state : UP
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is
000f-e21d-bedc
Description: to
The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500
Media type is twisted pair, loopback not set
Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX
100Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex mode
Link speed type is force link, link duplex type is force link
Flow-control is not enabled
Port-flow-constrain has not been configured completely
The Maximum Frame Length is 1536
Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100%
PVID: 10
Mdi type: auto
Port link-type: hybrid
Tagged VLAN ID : , 99
Untagged VLAN ID : , 10, 458
Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 11 bytes/sec
Last 300 seconds output: 7 packets/sec 520 bytes/sec
Input(total): packets, 88 bytes
66707 broadcasts, 9522 multicasts
Input(normal): - packets, - bytes
- broadcasts, - multicasts
Input: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC
0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity errors
Output(total): packets, 57 bytes
3638352 broadcasts, 288120 multicasts, 0 pauses Output(normal): - packets, - bytes
- broadcasts, - multicasts, - pauses
Output: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures
0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisions
0 lost carrier, - no carrier
如上红字所示:
输入错误数,input errors等于各种重要错误信息的总和。不同的产品可以根
据具体情况增加其它参数,或减少不能实现的参数。
: discarded packets that are smaller than the medium's minimum packet size.
( Receive Byte Count < 64 and NOT CRC Error
or Receive Byte Count < 64 and Tag Packet and NOT CRC Error,
无论是否有vlan tag,数据段小于64字节,而且没有CRC校验错误的帧。)
: discarded packets that are larger than the medium's maximum packet size. ( Receive Byte Count > 1518 and NOT CRC Error
or Receive Byte Count > 1522 and Tag Packet and NOT CRC Error,
没有vlan tag,数据段大于1518字节,小于最大帧长度,而且没有CRC校验错误的帧,和有vlan tag,数据段大于1522字节,小于最大帧长度,而且没有CRC 校验错误的帧。)
: discarded packets that are incomplete frames.
( 交换机察觉缓存或CPU过载,关闭接口接收器的情形称为 throttle,是cisco路由器上的一个概念,我们的交换机目前不具备这个功能,一般应该显示为不支持。)
: discarded packets with checksum error.
( Receive Packet CRC error,帧长度在正常范围(不带tag,长度在64
到1518之间,或带tag,长度在64到1522之间),而且CRC校验错,如果支
持此项,则不支持奇偶校验错误项。)
: discarded packets with frame pad/sequence/alignment error, out of frame etc.
(不是整数字节,而是多1~7bit,因此不对齐,或乱序或空帧,而且CRC
校验错误,但是不计入CRC错误。)
: the receiver hardware is unable to hand receiveddata to a hardware buffer because the input rate exceeds the receiver'sability to handle the data. (由于接口输入速率超过接受方处理能力,导致丢包,由于我们的交换机一般是线速转发,这项一般应该为0,只有部分交换机对上传CPU或三层线速转发的帧有接口带宽限制,或是通过ACL实现的带宽限制,因此被丢弃的帧,计入此项。)
: Input abnormal frames that are discarded.
( 除其他错误之外,产品认为有必要统计的错误,例如前导码异常的帧,计入此项。)