Plato柏拉图中英介绍优选稿

P l a t o柏拉图中英介绍集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）

Plato （424/423 BC[a] – 348/347 BC), was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. In the famous words of A.N. Whitehead:

柏拉图（公元前424/ 423[]–348 /347年），是古希腊哲学家，数学家，苏格拉底的学生，哲学对话的作家，和创始人雅典科学院，在西方世界的第一所高等学府。随着他的导师和他的学生，苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德，奠定了西方哲学和科学的基础。在安怀特海的名言：The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato. I do not mean the systematic scheme of thought which scholars have doubtfully extracted from his writings. I allude to the wealth of general ideas scattered through them.

关于欧洲哲学传统的最一般的特征是，它包括一系列的脚注柏拉图。我不意味着思想的学者系统方案有怀疑从他的着作中提取。我指的财富分散在他们的总体思路。

Plato's sophistication as a writer is evident in his Socratic dialogues; thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters have been ascribed to him. Plato's writings have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts.

柏拉图的复杂性作为一个作家，他在苏格拉底对话是明显的；三十六的对话和十三个字母已被归因于他。柏拉图的着作已出版几个时尚的LED；这对于命名和引用柏拉图的文本的几个公约。

Plato's dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, and mathematics.柏拉图的对话都被用来教的科目，包括哲学，逻辑学，伦理学，修辞学，和数学

唯心主义

是西方的创始人，其哲学体系，对其教学思想影响尤甚。

柏拉图认为宇宙开头是没有区别的一片混沌（The cosmos itself seemed to Plato to be forever titled toward chaos.)。

政治思想

在中，柏拉图设计了一幅之邦的图景：国家规模适中，以站在城中高处能将全国尽收眼底，国人彼此面识为度。柏拉图认为国家起源于劳动分

工，因而他将理想国中的公民分为治国者、武士、劳动者3个等级，分别代表智慧、勇敢和欲望3种品性。

教育观

建立完整教育体系

柏拉图还是西方教育史上第一个提出完整的学前教育思想并建立了完整的的人

柏拉图的坚持

开学第一天，苏格拉底对学生们说:“今天咱们只学一件最简单也是最容易的事，每人把胳膊尽量往前甩，然后再尽量往后甩。”说着，苏格拉底示范了一遍，“从今天开始，每天做300下，大家能做到吗”

学生们都笑了，这么简单的事，有什么做不到的？过了一个月，苏格拉底问学生们:“每天甩手300下，哪些同学在坚持着”

有百分之九十的同学骄傲地举起了手，又过了一个月，苏格拉底又问，这回，坚持下来的学生只剩下八成。一年过后，苏格拉底再一次问大家:“请告诉我，最简单的甩手运动，还有哪几位同学坚持了”

这时，整个教室里，只有一人举起了手。这个学生就是后来成为古希腊另一位大哲学家的柏拉图。The first day of school, Socrates said to the students: "today let's learn a simplest and easiest thing; let us cast his arm forward as far as possible, and then try to swing back." Said Socrates and demonstrated again, "300 times each time and let us start it today, can you"

The students laughed, what a simple thing, what to do After a month, Socrates asked the students: "300 times every day of casting, who are sticking to it" Ninety percent of the students raised his hand proudly. A month later, Socrates asked again, only eighty percent of the students insisted on it this time .

A year later, Socrates asked again: "please tell me, the simplest movement of casting, and who are insisting on it" At that moment, only one person in the classroom raised his hand. The student is later became another ancient Greek philosopher, Plato.

生活不可能没有烦恼，抱怨、失望是一种人生，乐观、积极也是一种人生。我觉得，什么样的态度决定什么样的人生，每个人的心中都有着自己的心灵花园。关于柏拉图的一则轶事，给我些许新的启示。故事的大意是这样的。

一日，柏拉图将三个弟子带到一块满是野草的田地旁说道，你们现在都学有所成，现在交给你们一个任务，你们都看到了田地里的野草了吧。你们去寻找铲除野草的良方。三个弟子出发了，一年后，其中的两个弟子空手而归，满是失望。柏拉图又带他们来到那块草地旁。他们惊奇地发现，原来长满野草的田地里已是在田地已变成一片绿油油的庄稼，田地里还有辛勤劳作的另一个弟子。柏拉图说道：“铲除田地里野草最好的方法，就是在田地里种上庄稼。”