高考英语总复习之非谓语动词、助动词与情态动词非谓语动词之动名词

（非谓语动词之）动名词

1）作主语

a. 直接位于句首做主语。

Swimming is a good sport in summer.

夏天游泳是一项很不错的运动。

b. it 作形式主语，常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等。

It is no use telling him not to worry.

告诉他不用担心没用。

注意：important, essential, necessary 之后常用不定式。

c. 用于“There be”结构中。

There is no saying when he’ll come. 不知道他什么时候回来。

d. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。

No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here) ).（这里）禁止抽烟。

No parking. 禁止停车。

e. 动名词的复合结构作主语

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

他们的到来及提供的帮助对我们来说是极大地鼓励。

动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较

a. 动名词多用来表示泛指，不定式多用来表示特指。

Smoking is not good for health. 抽烟对健康有害。

It is not good for you to smoke so much. 抽这么多烟对你不好。

b. 在It is no use..., It is no good..., It is fun..., It is a waste of time...等句型中，常用动名词作真实主语。

It is no use talking about that. 说那些没有用。

It is no good quarreling with him. 跟他吵架没好处。

c. 在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，不用不定式的复合结构作主语。

Does your saying that mean anything to him?

你说那个对他意味着什么对吗？

d. 在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语.

There is no telling what will happen. 没有被告知将要发生什么。

e. 句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一：

Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

2）作宾语

a. 作动词的宾语，某些及物动词后面直接接宾语时只能加动名词，不能加不定式，如advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, escape, bear等。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

每当违反交通规则时，Mark总是尝试着逃脱惩罚。

b. 作介词的宾语（单个介词或最后是介词的动词短语），如depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。

We are against killing small animals.

我们反对屠杀小动物。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?

我们是休息一下还是继续工作？

c. 作短语动词的宾语give up, keep on, put off, insist on等。

He is often persuaded to give up smoking.

他总是被劝戒烟。

d. 其他情况be worth, be busy,can’t help, can’t stand等。

The music is well worth listening to more than once.

这音乐值得反复听。

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.

我们忙着为即将到来的运动会做准备。

3）作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语

动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task .)

你的任务是擦玻璃。

What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

我最讨厌别人嘲笑我。

4）作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：

a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walki ng

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for w ashing

a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading

一般式被动式完成式被动完成式

writing being written having written having been written 其否定形式是在doing前加上not。

1）动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作。

I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌跟这种人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心大意不是好习惯。

2）动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

I don’t remember having met him before. 我不记得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.

谢谢你不怕麻烦的提供帮助。

3）动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

a. 它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。