河海大学专业英语样卷
2015年河海大学研究生英语一Unit1GhostsforTea(精)
Unit 1 Ghosts for T ea' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.'“十便士看海湾风光。
”那个带着望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年大海难的遗迹吧!”Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.十便士是纯粹的抢劫,可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unr olling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and do dging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one ano ther as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse sto od on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the light house, the man beside me tapped my wrist.峭壁伸展向远处,海风激起的波浪闪耀着铺展在沙滩上,海面上几艘游艇伴着乳白色风帆优雅地弯成弧形避开。
《大学英语》2016-2017学年第二学期期末考试A卷
D. to laugh
A. It is the reason.
B. That is why
8. We have got two TV sets, but we still can not watch
C. There is why
D. It is how
第 １ 页 （本套试卷共 3 页）
anything because____ work properly.
2. The word USA__________ United States of America.
3. We are__________ news of our brother, who lives away from home.
4. The children were not to___________.
A. to
B. in
Байду номын сангаас
19. --- Can I help you?
C. beyond
D. under
--- Well, I am afraid the box is ____heavy for you,
第 ２ 页 （本套试卷共 3 页）
but thank you all the same.
A. so
小题 2 分，共 20 分）
province still view as blame
afford look up to get by relax stand for hungry for
1. His Dad was a volunteer fireman, which was a dangerous job, so he__________ his Dad a lot.
河海大学研究生英语（下）阅读理解答案
河海大学研究生英语（下）阅读理解答案11、不包括16单元和17单元各两篇长文The blues originated in US slavery.GriefThe prisoners worker for wages.The prisoners’ songs differed from those sung art concerts. Middle-class blackPeople are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming our world outlook.An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.The patterns and standards of behavior of community.is predominated by traditional customto stress the strong influence of customs on an individualwas not aware he had discovered AmericaA short period of fairly good weather.The importance of Weather for the Progress of Events in History.man’s chief enemyA powerful destroyers of human life and propertyboth benefits and disadvantages to man12Producing carbon dioxideto help carbon dioxide enter plantA plant needs more water than is found at any one time Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plant is synthesized. the role of water in a growing plantit helps understand the nation’s past and presentNear eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.it has a great effect on music-culture as more and more people are able to read ithas given rise to new forms of music cultureThe development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.few people could read for themselvesa change in the nature of readingthe effects of reading on intelligencereaders’ interests had diversifiedexplain how present-day reading habits developed13its ability to provide goods and services The Standard of Living.most importantlynatural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a countryBritain manufactures more than it needs for home consumption.the inclusion of cultural contentit views the world purely from the standpoint of the english-speaking countriesit is mainly designed to meet the needs of radio listenersthe various cultural backgrounds of its usersDifferent ways of treating social-culture elements in the three new english dictionaries.Rules for Working with Concretemixing concrete properly will make it very hard and strong use too much waterinventivenessnot dried out14level of intensity in anger reactions registered by normals versus abnormalsnormal persons react more intensely to anger-provoking situations than do abnormal individualstreat it as a normal reactionlack of feelinga suggestion from the author about what you should do about the generalizationHe disapproved of ladies preaching.drivers and feelingsin the long process of evolution the slow pace of life didn’t require such ability of human brainhuman beings have lost control of computersFuture intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.to inform the reader about the homing pigeons and their trainingthey begin a training programthe size of the brainair sacsbird16、stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering designthe assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record the development of their own disciplinethe failures are characteristic of systems designed bu engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematic illustrate the idea that courses in design are the most effective means for reducing the cost of designing engineering systems18、ExplorerA cold climateTropical zonesAre naturally timidOnly symbolic of the unique cultureYou start reading one of the booksNobody takes any notice of youOnly when you have finished browsingA book that unexpectedly interests youThe need for book-sellers to be patient and kindTo prevent anyone from buying itHe had expecter the owner to be angry with him19、There aren’t many people who are even fairly good.A consequence of not grasping the problem correctly Undertaking systematic workThe teaching of pronunciation in the classroomBy not give students a cleat mental picture of the difference between soundsThey would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themEnjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingThe capacity to enjoy incentivesThey are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintainedHelp us adapt pur behavior to the world surrounding usJobs available must be distributed among more people.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of workpatterns of work were fundamentally changedpeople were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselvesthe creation of jobs for all s an impossible20、Changing Iron into steelStronger,and more durableIt directed air at melted iron in a furnace,removing all impurities.BoatsA revolution in the industrial worldThe fact that people of different nationalities or ethical groups reside in different placesNot an ideal why to identify his or her disciplinary origins Appeals to non-urban dwellersTake advantage of others to achieve their own purposes 24、It can be useful in planning future research.The researchers did not adequately establish the relationships involved.Some students do not understand the meaning of the researchers’ questionsTheir original questions are too broadIt is more difficult than the student researcher may realize.To explain the history of Harvard collegeefforts of interested individuals to redefine the educational systemMoneyAdmission standards were lower.Students were limited in their choice of courses.The balance of environment and economic development is vital for the societythat we must reduce the environmental cost of economic developmentRemind people of the drawbacks of their overexploitation of the natureRecovery of nature after pollution costs more money than prevention of pollutionEnvironment Protection and Economic Developmentthe competition from private sectorshighlight the importance in the findings of the projectthey took the profit motive in the project for grantedthey face competition from the privately financed scientistsA Race on Human Genome Project。
河海大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
河海大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)from each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) As former colonists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain.We have a“common law”，or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature.The jury，a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an__4__part of our common-law e of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system.Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__，as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after“__10__”，or discussions among a group of people，the jury‘s decision is likely to have the__11__from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.Juries are used in both civil cases，which decide__12__ among__13__citizens，and criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government__14__that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S.citizens and__15__.Jurors，consisting of__16__numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury.The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case.In some states，__19__jurors are questioned by the judge;in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rules dictated by state law.1.[A]other than[B]rather than[C]more than[D]or rather2.[A]agency[B]organization[C]institution[D]authority3.[A]panel[B]crew[C]band[D]flock4.[A]innate[B]intact[C]integral[D]integrated5.[A]discriminating[B]distinguishing[C]determining[D] diminishing6.[A]in[B]by[C]after[D]over7.[A]that[B]which[C]than[D]as8.[A]alike[B]alone[C]altogether[D]apart9.[A]Although[B]Because[C]If[D]While10.[A]deliberations[B]meditations[C]reflections[D] speculations11.[A]outline[B]outcome[C]input[D]intake12.[A]arguments[B]controversies[C]disputes[D]hostilities13.[A]fellow[B]individual[C]personal[D]private14.[A]asserting[B]alleging[C]maintaining[D]testifying15.[A]assembled[B]evoked[C]rallied[D]summoned16.[A]set[B]exact[C]given[D]placed17.[A]allocated[B]allotted[C]appointed[D]assigned18.[A]administers[B]manages[C]oversees[D]presides19.[A]inspective[B]irrespective[C]perspective[D] prospective20.[A]bodies[B]parties[C]sides[D]units答案：1.B2.D3.A4.C5.B6.D7.C8.B9.B10.A11. C12.C13.D14.B15.D16.A17.D18.C19.D20.B总体分析本文介绍了美国的陪审团制度。
(完整word版)年河海大学研究生英语一Unit1GhostsforTea(精)
Unit 1 Ghosts for T ea' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.'“十便士看海湾风光。
”那个带着望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年大海难的遗迹吧!”Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.十便士是纯粹的抢劫,可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unr olling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and do dging gracefully on the sea . Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one ano ther as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse sto od on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the light house, the man beside me tapped my wrist.峭壁伸展向远处,海风激起的波浪闪耀着铺展在沙滩上,海面上几艘游艇伴着乳白色风帆优雅地弯成弧形避开。
2015年--河海大学研究生英语一-Unit-16---The-Role-of-Science-Fiction
Unit 16 The Role of Science FictionThe year 1972 was marked by this publication of a controversial book. The Limits to Growth. This study of the world’s future, done by a team of MIT scientists with the aid of computer “models” of the future of our society, forecast a planetwide disaster unless humankind sharply limits its population growth and consumption of natural resources.1972年为世人所瞩目的一件事就是出版了一本颇有争议的书——《增长的极限》。
这一有关世界前景的研究，是由麻省理工学院一组科学家借助模拟未来社会的电脑“模型”进行的，预言了人类若不大幅度限制人口增长和自然资源消耗，就会出现全球性的灾难。
Most people were caught by surprise when the book came out. Many refused to believe that disaster is possible, probable, inevitable---if we don’t change our mode of running Spaceship Earth. But science fiction people were neither surprised nor outraged. The study was really old news to them. They’d been making their own “models” of tomorrow and testing them all their lives.该书问世时大多数人吃了一惊。
《大学英语》2018-2019学年第一学期期末考试A卷
《大学英语》试题（A）卷一、单项选择题(共15小题，每题3分，共45分)1.The color of my umbrella is different from ____ of yours.( )A.thisB.thatC.itD.one2.The old couple decided to _____ a boy and a girl thoughthey had three children of their own. ( )A.adaptB.acceptC.receiveD.adopt3.She didn’t see Smith, _______.( )A.neither did IB.nor didn’t IC.neither I didD.so didn’t I( )4.The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeting is a verydifficult one.A.being discussedB.discussedC.to be discussedD.to discuss5.He doesn’t know _______ to stay or not. ( )A.whetherB.ifC.eitherD.if he will6.People appreciate_______ with him because he has a goodsense of humor. ( )A.to workB.to have workedC.workingD.have working7.We had some trouble _____ the house and nobody seemed_____ where it was. ( )A.in finding; knowingB.finding; to knowC.to find; knowingD.to find; to know8.The meeting _____ over, we all left the room. ( )A.isB.to beC.beingD.would be9.I used to sleep with the window ______.( )A.openedB.openC.openingD.to open10. _______ by the police, the kidnappers had no choicebut to surrender. ( )A.surroundedB.surroundingC.having surroundedD.to be surrounded11.____ her mother had come, her face lit up. ( )A.HearingB.Having heardC.When hearingD.When she heard12.It was ______ he said ______ disappointed me. ( )A.what; thatB.that; whatC.that; whenD.it; when( )13.I didn’t go to t he concert. But I do wish I ______ there.A.wasB.had beenC.wereD.went14.______ no problems arise in those two bodies, thiscountry will be as stable as Mount Tai. ( )A.So thatB.So long asC.As soon asD.So as to15.If she had worked harder, she ______ the examinationyesterday. ( )A.would passB.had passedC.passD.would have passed二、阅读理解（共5小题，每题6分，共计30分）Welcome to the Franklin Business Institute E244 Conversational English class. The object of this course is to learn howto converse fluently and effectively in English. For the next 10 weeks we will finely tune your skills in the art of debating and role-playing. We will also practice speech rhythm and diction with an emphasis on enunciation(清晰的发音) and specific speech problems faced by those who are studying English as a foreign language.Numerous discussions on a wide variety of subjects will be held, including topics in business, fiction, travel, differences between Western and Chinese Culture, education and life experience.You will have many opportunities to give oral presentations and voice your opinions on the various topics that we planto cover. It is very important that you talk as much as you can. Don't wait for your instructor to ask you to speak. If youhave a question, ask it. Additionally, if you have any questions about anything your fellow students say, please feel freeto ask.1. What kind of the course is E244? ( )A. It's a composition one.B. It's a conversational one.C. It's for listening skill.D. It's a grammar one.2. The purpose of this course is to make the students ________.( )A. remember those unknown wordsB. know various rules of English grammarC. learn how to write their term papersD. express themselves fluently and effectively in English3. How long will the course take? ( )A. 5 weeks.B. 10 weeks.C. One month.D. Two months.4. Which topic will not be held during the study? ( )A. Education.B. Politics.C. Culture.D. Business.5. It's very important for those who take E244 to ________.( )A. talk as much as they canB. prepare the course before the clasC. look up every unknown word and phraseD. recite each lesson三、英译汉（共5小题，每题5分，共计25分）1. To my amazement, there was a small piece of whiteness, shining softly like the mercury, even without moonshine.2. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut.3. In the Confucian societies of East Asia, individual differences in endowment are assumed to be modest, and differences in achievement are thought to be due largely to effort.4. Researchers reported women who suppressed their anger felt more like swearing than men.5. It ha dn’t occurred to me that others hadn’t figured it out.大学英语4试卷答案一、单选1.B2.D3.A4.C5.A6.C7.B8.C9.B 10.A11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D二、阅读理解1.B2.D3.B4.B5.A三、英译汉1. 我甚是奇怪，没有月光，却有一块小小的白色，水银般柔和地亮着。
河海文天英语重修4最新题型
Final Examination of College English IV(Hohai University Wentian College)Part One Vocabulary and Structure (20%)1. We believe it’s possible to _____ growth through the use of different kinds of energy that will allow for lower carbon emissions.A. sustainB. threatC. contaminateD. curse2. The people loved her so much that they nicknamed her “Evita”, and long after her death, many Argentines continue to _____ her.A. thinkB. worshipC. handleD. lift3. To our surprise, when he heard the news he laughed suddenly and all the anger in his face _____ away.A. disappearB. disappearedC. meltD. melted4. The new Prime Minister said his government would try to _____ public trust.A. restoreB. loseC. findD. access5. Although she was quite young, she showed a lot of _____ and was promoted quickly.A. obligationB. conceptC. reliefD. initiative6. Consumers expect to find the brand(品牌) available at a(n) _____ and are unpleasantly surprised to finda higher price.A. momentB. lookC. discountD. accuse7. The European Union is made up of 27 nations with _____ cultural, linguistic(语言学的) and economic roots.A. distinctB. superbC. sameD. positive8. Police found _____ traces of blood on the car seats.A. idleB. negativeC. minuteD. eager9. Despite his promise to eliminate cronyism(任人唯亲的), he was openly _____ of giving government positions to friends and relatives.A. accuseB. accusedC. chargeD. charged10. The pollution from factories continues to contaminate the river and also _____ health threat to people living nearby.A. giveB. givesC. poseD. poses11. It is believed that listening to gentle and soft music might help to ______ relaxation.A. reduceB. induceC. introduceD. deduce12. The young driver looked over the engine carefully it should go wrong on the way.A. so thatB. in order thatC. lestD. although13. A special committee was formed to _____ complaints made by several employees.A. enquireB. enquire intoC. requireD. require into14. I still have bitter feelings for Robbert. What can I say? He completely _____ my trust.A. gotB. postponedC. laughedD. betrayed15. Now that we have approval(批准) we may _____ the scheme as previously agreed.A. doB. carryC. projectD. execute16. As all the performers were known to the audience, each act was greeted with loud and equal _____.A. applauseB. applaudC. appealD. catcalls17. The first mobile phones were heavy and _____ to use, but nowadays they are much easier to handle.A. easyB. clumsyC. doubtfulD. convenient18. Charlie Chaplin was born in a poor area of London, but in 1913 he left Britain _____ good.A. forB. inC. onD. by19. He revolted ______ all kinds of racial discrimination.A. forB. toC. withD. against20. There were moments when I wondered: Did she do this _____ purpose, or was it all just a game?A. forB. byC. onD. withoutPart Two Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneIt turns out that a scientist can see the future by watching four-year-olds interact with a piece of candy. The researcher invites the children, one by one, into a plain room and begins the gentle torture. You can have this piece of candy right now, he says. But if you wait while I leave the room for a while, you can have two pieces of candy when I get back. And then he leaves.Some children grab for the treat the minute he's out the door. Some last a few minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait. They cover their eyes; they put their heads down; they sing to themselves; they try to play games or even fall asleep. When the researcher returns, he gives these children their hard-earned pieces of candy. And then, science waits for them to grow up.By the time the children reach high school, something remarkable has happened. A survey of the children's parents and teachers found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out for the second piece of candy generally grew up to be better adjusted, more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable teenagers. The children who gave in to temptation early on were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated and inflexible. They could not endure stress and shied away from challenges.When we think of brilliance we see Einstein, a thinking machine with skin and mismatched socks. High achievers, we imagine, were wired for greatness from birth. But then you have to wonder why, over time, natural talent seems to waken in some people and dim in others. This is where the candy comes in. It seems that the ability to delay reward is a master skill, a triumph of the logical brain over the irresponsible one. It is a sign, in short, of emotional intelligence. And it doesn't show up on an IQ test.For most of this century, scientists have worshiped the hardware of the brain and the software of the mind; the messy powers of the heart were left to the poets. But brain theory could simply not explain the questions we wonder about most: why some people just seem to have a gift for living well; why the smartest kid in the class will probably not end up the richest; why we like some people virtually on sight and distrust others; why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul. What qualities of the mind or spirit, in short, determine who succeeds?The phrase "emotional intelligence" was coined by researchers five years ago to describe qualities like understanding one's own feelings, sympathy for the feelings of others and "the regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living". This notion is about to bound into the national conversation, conveniently shortened to EQ, thanks to a new book, Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman. Goleman has brought together a decade's worth of research into how the mind processes feelings. His goal, he announces on the cover, is to redefine what it means to be smart. His theory: when it comes to predicting people's success, brain capacity as measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as "character".And it is here the arguments will break out. While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, they fear that a notion as handy as EQ invites misuse. "People have a variety of emotion," argues Harvard psychology professor Jerome Kagan. "Some people handle anger well but can't handle fear. Some people can't take joy. So each emotion has to be viewed differently." EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessed with a lot of both, but some with little of either. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together; how one's ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from social class to luck.Questions1-6Choose the correct letter, A,B,or CWrite your answers in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.1. Scientists can predict a four-year-old kid’s future by__A) rewarding him or her with additional pieces of candyB) watching how he or she deals with an immediate rewardC) inviting him or her into a plain room and torturing him or her gently2. In the experiment, some kids do all kinds of things like covering their eyes and singing to themselves in order to __A)resist an immediate rewardB) avoid falling asleepC)be praised by the researcher3.The experiment with the four-year-olds shows that__A) the ability of self-control plays a role in personal successB) emotional intelligence will not show up until one becomes a teenagerC) candy is useful in measuring a person’s emotional intelligence4.The phrase “emotional intelligence” was created__A) to provide a better understanding of the power of the brain, the mind and the heartB) to account for the special qualities the great people haveC) to describe qualities such as understanding and regulating one’s emotion5. According to Daniel Goleman, when we predict a person’s success,__A)brain capacity may be as important as the qualities of mind.B) brain capacity may be more important than the qualities of mindC) brain capacity may be less important than the qualities of mind6.Which of the following statements is true of EQ and IQ according to the text?A)EQ is not the opposite of IQB) people have discovered the way EQ and IQ work togetherC) the more EQ one has, the more IQ they have.Passage TwoIn the 19th century, an American academic, Newman, characterised a university as:"a place of teaching universal knowledge...(a place for) the diffusionand extension of knowledge rather than its advancement."Newman argued that if universities were not for teaching but rather for scientific discovery, thethey would not need students.Interestingly, during this century, while still teaching thousands of students each year, there sources of most universities have been steadily channelled away from teaching into research activities. Most recently, however, there have been strong moves in both North America and the United Kingdom to develop initiatives that would enhance the profile of the teaching institutions of higher education. In the near future, therefore, as well as the intrinsic rewards gained from working with students and the sense that they are contributing to their overall growth and development, there should soon be extrinsic rewards, in the form of job promotion, for those pursuing academic excellence in teaching in universities.In the future, there will be more focus in universities on the quality of their graduates and their progression rates. Current degree courses, whose assessment strategies require students to learn by rote and reiterate the course material, and which do not require the student to interact with the material, or constructa personal meaning about it or even to understand the discipline,are resulting in poor learning outcomes. This traditional teaching approach does not take into account modern theories of education, the individual needs of the learner, nor his or her prior learning experience.In order for universities to raise both the quality and status of teaching, it is first necessary to have some kind of understanding of what constitutes good practice. A 1995 report, compiled in Australia, lists eight qualities that researchers agree are essential to good teaching.Good teachers...A are themselves good learners - resulting in teaching that is dynamic, reflective andconstantly evolving as they learn more and more about teaching;B display enthusiasm for their subject and the desire to share it with their students;C recognise the importance of context and adjust their teaching accordingly;D encourage deep learning approaches and are concerned with developing their students' critical thinking skills, problem-solving skills and problem-approach behaviours;E demonstrate an ability to transform and extend knowledge, rather than merelytransmit it;F recognise individual differences in their students and take advantage of these;G set clear goals, use valid assessment techniques and provide high-quality feedback to their students;H show respect for, and interest in, their students and sustain high expectations of them.In addition to aiming to engage students in the learning process, there is also a need toad dress the changing needs of the marketplace. Because in many academic disciplines the body of relevant knowledge is growing at an exponential rate, it is no longer possible, or even desirable, for an individual to have a complete knowledge base. Rather, it is preferable that he or she should have an understanding of the concepts and the principles of the subject, have the ability to apply this understanding to new situations and have the wherewithal to seek out the information that is needed.As the world continues to increase in complexity, university graduates will need to be equipped to cope with rapid changes in technology and to enter careers that may not yet be envisaged, with change of profession being commonplace. To produce graduates equipped for this workforce, it is essential that educators teach in ways that encourage learners to engage in deep learning which may be built upon in the later years of their course, and also be transferred to the workplace. The new role of the university teacher, then, is one that focuses on the students' learning rather than the instructor's teaching. The syllabus is more likely to move from being a set of learning materials made up of lecture notes, to a set of learning materials made up of print,cassettes, disks and computer programs. Class contact hours will cease to be the major determinant of an academic workload. The teacher will then be released from being the sole source of information transmission and will become instead more a learning manager, able to pay more attention to the development and delivery of education rather than content. Student-centred learning activities will also require innovative assessment strategies.Traditional assessment and reporting has aimed to produce a single mark or grade for each student. The mark is intended to indicate three things: the extent to which the learned material was mastered or understood; the level at which certain skills were performed and the degree to which certain attitudes were displayed.A deep learning approach would test a student's ability to identify and tackle new and unfamiliar 'real world' problems. A major assessment goal will be to increase the size and complexity of assignments and minimise what can be achieved by memorising or reproducing content. Wherever possible, students will be involved in the assessment process to assist them to learn how to make judgements about themselves and their workQuestions 7-11Look at the eight qualities A-H of 'good teachers' in Reading Passage 2 and the statementsbelow (Questions 7-11).Match each quality to the statement with the same meaning.Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 19-23 on your answer sheet.Good teachers7 can adapt their materials to different learning situations.8 assist students to understand the aims of the course.9 are interested in developing the students as learners.10 treat their students with dignity and concern.11 continually improve their teaching by monitoring their skillsQuestions12-15Choose the correct letter, A,B,C or DWrite your answers in boxes 12-15on your answer sheet.12 In the future, university courses will focus more onA) developing students’ skills and concepts.B) expanding students' knowledge.C) providing work experience for students.D)graduating larger numbers of students.13 According to the author, university courses should prepare students toA) do a specific job well.B) enter traditional professions.C) change jobs easily.D) create their own jobs.14 The author believes that new learning materials in universities will result inA) more work for teachers.B) a new role for teachers.C) more expensive courses.D) more choices for students.15 The author predicts that university assessment techniques will include moreA) in-class group assignments.B) theoretical exams.C) problem-solving activities.D) student seminar presentations.Part Three Cloze (15%)Although video games were first_1_for adults, they are no_2_exclusively reserved fro the grown _3_in the home. In 2006, Rideout and Hamel_4_that as many _5_29 percent of preschool children in the United States had played console video games, and 18precent had played hand-held ones. Given young children’s insatiable _6_to learn, coupled _7_the fact that they are_8_surrounded by these media, we _9_that preschoolers will both continue and increasingly begin to _10_video games for _11_enjoyment. _12_the majority of gaming equipment is still _13_for a much older _14_audience, once a game system enters the household it is potentially _15_for all family members, including the youngest.A availableB personalC clearlyD developedE upsF longerG asH reported I predict J eagerness K with L adopt M Although N designed O targetPart Four Translation (15%)1.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
2018年考研河海大学翻译硕士真题回忆
should take a curriculum activities as per the age group of students.
Teach them in a way of Story and showing them videos. Through videos
the two distinct worlds. In our world, creative collaboration is
natural; we need the same easy collaboration that can cross over to the
digital innovators.
基础英语
一篇讲养了只狗叫twist一篇讲在南非做卡车的经历lorry
一篇讲未来的绿化设计，这篇超级长
作文public transportation有buses taxies subways trains .private
transportation有cars bicycles哪种好
翻译基础
13个短语翻译，英译汉汉译英各15
我们必须超越原有的观念：设计师只需时不时聘请科技专家就可以填补自己的所谓“数字鸿沟”，这样做，无法顺势打造出“稳固江山”。我们需要精通科技的时尚达人以及熟知数据技术的奢侈品打造者：他们能绝无仅有地实现网络科技与时尚这两个截然不同的行当的珠联璧合。在当今世界，创意领域的协作司空见惯，我们希望数码技术革新者同样能实现彼此顺畅的合作关系。
第二篇是一队物理学家提出可以利用平行空间进行时空旅行，有一句是in a world ,the
dinosaur killing asteroid is missing the earth. In a world, Australia
成教专科英语试卷A
河海大学常州校区成人教育2010-2011学年第一学期 08工商管理、09工商管理、08经济管理 《英语》期末试卷A 共 6 页 出卷人：孙梦甜 出卷日期：6.10 Part I Reading comprehension (30%) Passage 1 It ’s the world ’s fastest growing economy and shows no evidence of slowing down. If a British company wishes to stay ahead in international trade, doing businesses with China is now on rig top of the list. Now schools in the United Kingdom want to offer their students Mandarin lessons —and they are making it a required course. Brighton College is a private school on the south coast of Britain and already teaches Latin, Spanish and French to its 1,200 pupils. Students can choose among these languages, but from the autumn, which is the beginning of the new school year in British schools, every student must study Mandarin whether they like it or not. Richard Cairns, headmaster of Brighton College, will begin Mandarin classes in September —as a pupil in an ordinary class of students. He said: “One of my key tasks is to make sure pupils are aware of the realities of the 21st century and one is that China has the fastest growing economy.” Mandarin is getting more and more popular. There is a growing number of students taking language examinations. It is predicted that if that level of growth continues, the studying of Mandarin in the UK could overtake Spanish in less than five years. 1. What does “it ” at the beginning of the passage refer to? A. Teaching Mandarin in British schools. B. Chinese economy C. Doing business with China D. Studying Latin, Spanish and French 2. What is important for a company to be in a more advanced position in international trade? A. Going to Brighton College to study Mandarin. B. Catching up with the fastest growing economy. C. Paying no attention to the world economy. D. Doing business with China. 3. What are the students in Brighton College required to do from autumn? A. They are required to study Mandarin. B. They are required to study Mandarin and one other language. C. They are required to choose from Latin, Spanish and French. D. They are required to study either Mandarin or French. 4. Why does the headmaster of Brighton College think it necessary to teach his students Mandarin? A. Because China has the fastest growing economy. B. Because he was studying Mandarin himself.C. Because he is aware of the realities of the 21st century.装订线内请不要答题班级__________________姓名___________________学号____________________D. Because his students will be more successful in business if they study Mandarin.5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. No one is studying Spanish in Britain.B. More and more people are studying Mandarin in Britain.C. The study of Mandarin will be less popular in five years.D. More people will be studying Spanish in five years.Passage 2I worked with an author once. He taught me a great deal about being grateful. The whole time he was dying from a genetic disease that had already killed all his brothers. He had lived a good deal longer than many other people with his disease and I was lucky to know him, even if it was only for the last nine months of his life. I don’t believe Bill ever ended a conversation with me without thanking me for publishing his book.About two weeks before he died, Bill called me and spent a whole hour telling me how blessed his life had been. He told me how grateful he was for everything he had been given. He told me about how much he valued his wife and all the people he had met, how thankful he was for seeing his book in print before he died, and much more.Thankfulness is not something that can be faked very successfully. When I made a major move across the country some years ago I often fell lonely and homesick. So I took a few moments each evening to recall the past. I didn’t make anything up, and didn’t offer thanks for things I wasn’t grateful for. It was hard to do at first, and it didn’t decrease my sadness right away. My sadness was the stronger feeling and controlled more of my attention than joy did. But over time it helped me shift my focus to the gifts of my new life, instead of the losses from my old one.6. I once worked with Bill from whom _______.A. I knew the importance of being gratefulB. I knew about his past experiencesC. I learned that thankfulness can be fakedD. I knew that my sadness helped me shift my focus to the gifts of my new life7. The whole time we worked together Bill was dying from a disease__________.A. that was passed from husband to wifeB. that was passed from wife to husbandC. that was running in the familyD. that was running from one family to another8. Even though Bill was dying, he_______.A. still told me how grateful he was for everything he had been givenB. still remembered to thank me for publishing his bookC. still worked day and nightD. told me about his blessed feeling9. According to the passage, _______ is not something that can be pretended successfully.A.hatred B . compassion C. sadness D. thankfulness10. How did the author overcome loneliness and homesickness some years ago?A. He offered thanks for things he wasn’t grateful for.B. He made something up and it decreased his sadness right away.C. He didn’t focus on the gifts of his new life but on the losses from his old one.D. He developed the practice of taking a few moments each evening to recall people of that day.Passage 3Arc haeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists(考古学家)learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don’t break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal。
2015年 河海大学研究生英语一Unit 9 pollution is a dirty wor
The earth is our home. We must take care of it, for ourselves and for the next generation. This means preserving the quality of our environment.
地球是我们的家园。为了我们自己和下一代，必须照顾好它。这意味着保 护我们的环境质量。
这项任务的重要性是研究人与自然关系的科学家强调的。这些科学家称为 生态学家，来自希腊字 Oikos，这意味着家园。生态学家们负责保持土地，空 气，和水的清洁。”我们该怎么做？”最近生态学家被问到。“糟糕。”科学家闻 着油烟的空气说。“我们必须做得更好，不久，或者很快就太晚了。”
Comment [o1]: 讨厌的; 污秽的; 多虱 的; 不清洁的; Comment [o2]: 废物堆积场
Comment [o3]: 坚定地、无情地向前 移动
Comment [o4]: 谬误的，邪恶的
poisoning his environment. 事情并非一直如此。仅在 100 年前，人与自然仍在和谐相处。那时没有这
污染是个脏词，污染意味着玷污－即用不洁之物弄污某物，使之不净或不 宜使用。污染来自很多组成。我们可以看见的，闻到的，尝到的，喝到的，还 有碰到的。我们几乎就生活在污染中，呼吸着它。并且，毫不奇怪的是，它已 在危害我们的健康、幸福和文明。
Once we thought of pollution as meaning simply smog---the choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several which attack the most basic life functions.
2021年河海大学研究生英语一Unit4ExplicitandImplicitMoralEducat
Unit 4 Explicit and Implicit Moral Education Imagine a guardsman, from the moment he falls in on parade in the morning until t he moment the parade is dismissed, every conscious action he makes is predetermined a nd controlled. If inadvertently he does something that is not in the schedule, such as dro p his rifle, he has to cover up the accident by pretending to faint. To do anything other than conform might show originality and inventiveness, but from the point of view of mi litary ethos would be immoral.想象一个卫士，从早上参加的那刻到阅兵解散的那刻,他做的每一个成心识的动作都是受预定和操纵的。
若是他无心间做了什么打算外的情形，比如像掉了他的步枪，他不能不假装晕倒来掩盖事故。
做除承认之外的任何情形可能展现出独创性和制造性，可是参军队作风观点的角度来看可能是不道德的。
That is an example of a thorough-going explicit moral system. In it actions are rigidl y divided into right ones and wrong ones, permitted ones and non-permitted ones, and everyone involved accepts this without question; and to train a participant in such a sy stem is an explicit matter, and the simplest form of behaviour training, provided the lear ners acknowledge the teacher as an unquestionable authority who knows exactly what moral behaviour is.这是一个全面的显性道德体系的例子。
(完整word版)年河海大学研究生英语一Unit20CultureShock
Unit 20 Culture ShockCulture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.文化休克或许可以称为是突然移居国外的人的一种职业病。
像大多数疾病一样，它有自己的征兆和治疗。
Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.文化休克是突发的由于失去所有我们熟悉的社会交往的标志和象征而导致的焦虑。
04年河海博士英语试卷
河海大学2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension(略)PartⅡV ocabulary (10%)Part A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.21. The report sets out strict inspection procedures to ensure that recommendations are properly implemented.A. made up ofB. carried outC. put into operationD. charged with22. The head of the navy heaped scornon both the methods and motives of the conspirators.A. admirationB. passionC. contemptD. offense23. One of the most provocativeideas of modern physics was initiated by the British theorist P.Dirao.A. stimulatingB. popularC. enduringD. powerful24. The story of Peter Pan is so fascinatingthat all the children like it.A. interestingB. adventurousC. entrancingD. extraordinary25. The young girl showed wonderful facilityfor learning languages.A. likingB. imaginationC. delightD. aptitude26. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevailin the forests.A. dominateB. reproduceC. rebuildD. invade27. Although the work needs to be done more exhaustively, efforts have been made to collect the songs and ballads of the American Revolution.A. preciselyB. selectivelyC. franticallyD. thoroughly28. There are still some outdated prejudices lurkingin the minds of individuals.A. existingB. hidingC. remainingD. emerging29. In buying a suit, a difference often cents in price is negligible.A. negligentB. negotiableC. insignificantD. consequential30. Modern nursing practices not only hastenthe recovery of the sick but also promote better health through preventive medicine.A. permitB. accelerateC. determineD. accompanyPart B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.31. She considered herself always in the right, and anybody s suggestion.A. skimpedB. sent downC. sneered atD. submitted to32. He was present in his role of school manager, church warden and donor.A. dedicatedB. tripleC. providentialD. religious33. Since you are so weak, you should take every precaution against catching cold.A. criticalB. comparableC. distinctD. conceivable34. An explanation of an earthquake is a description of the chain of that produces it.A. causalityB. marginC. persistenceD. purpose35. Mr. Li is the present of the presidential chair of the company.A. transactionB. prescriptionC. professorD. incumbent36. Agreement made by the President with other countries the approval of the Senate.A. is subjected toB. is subject toC. draws outD. substitute for37. The economy is showing signs of .A. haltingB. overflowingC. outbreakingD. faltering38. Their experiments show that the strain of wheat grows more quickly and is resistant to disease.A. newly plantedB. newly cultivatedC. hybridD. imported39. In that country the coins are so that one has to carry great quantities to make a single purchase.A. diminishedB. debasedC. degradedD. defaced40. Richard Cramer was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his on the effects of war on individuals in the Middle East.A. commentaryB. communicationC. assertionD. declarationPartⅢUse of English (15%)Part A (10%)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to 41and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of 42the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to 43employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions 44which many of us can work for ourselves, 45for an employer?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people s work has taken the 46of jobs. The industrial age may now be 47to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. 48, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment as its history shows, has not meant 49freedom.Employment became widespread 50the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them 51the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living 52themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from the people s homes.53, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, 54, many people s work lost all connection 55their home lives and the places in which they lived.56, employment put women 57a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out to58employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to 59some effort and resources away from the 60goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.41. A. be blamedB. have been blamedC. blameD. blaming42. A. sharingB. makingC. takingD. looking43. A. makeB. treatC. findD. get44. A. onB. atC. toD. in45. A. thereforeB. rather thanC. asD. other than46. A. sizeB. shapeC. formD. format47. A. takingB. makingC. comingD. becoming48. A. ButB. AndC. ThereforeD. For49. A. economicalB. economicC. economyD. economics50. A. duringB. sinceC. beforeD. when51. A. forB. ofC. toD. until52. A. forB. ofC. withD. to53. A. So thatB. After thatC. LaterD. So54. A. actuallyB. naturallyC. correctlyD. eventually55. A. toB. withC. forD. of56. A. MeanwhileB. Generally speakingC. ThereforeD. Actually57. A. intoB. inC. onD. at58. A. payingB. paidC. payD. being paid59. A. makeB. takeC. switchD. get60. A. possibleB. impossibleC. practicalD. impracticalPart B (5%)Directions: Each of the following sentences has 4 underlined parts marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and correct it. Then transfer your answers onto the ANSWER SHEET.61. WereAthe Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it couldBdramatically transform a family ranCenterprise that still gets 90% of itsDrevenues from newspapers.62. Conversation calls for aAwillingness to alternate the role of speaker with oneBof listenerC, and calls for occasional digestive pauses byDboth.63. As long asApoor people, who in general are colored, are in conflictBwith richer people, who in general are lighterC skinD, there s going to be a constant racial conflict in the world.64. All those left undoneAmay sound greatlyBin theory, but even the truest believerC has great difficulty whenDit comes to specifics.65. Even ifAautomakers modify commercially produced cars to run onBalternative fuelsC, the cars won t catch on in a big way whenDdrivers can fill them up at the gas station.PartⅣReading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D, and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do: what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk, a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.66. The best title for the passage could be .A. Work, Labor and PlayB. Ways Leading to HappinessC. The Most Desirable Job in the WorldD. The Necessity of Leisure67. If a person wishes to be happy,.A. he must have something to doB. he must realize the essential difference between work and laborC. he must feel free first of allD. he must do something valuable to society68. A man is a laborer if .A. what he likes to do is not recognized by societyB. he has to make a living or supporting his familyC. he cannot get paid for what he doesD. he is forced to do what he doesn t enjoy69. According to the passage, what is society s attitude toward the game we play?A. Society regards play as another kind of labor.B. Society doesn t care what we play at all.C. Society forbids us to play any game.D. Society cares for private games very much.70. Which of the following kinds of person is a worker?A. A teacher who enjoys working with students.B. A white collar employee who is well paid.C. A man who doesn t mix work with play.D. A man who has good appetite and enjoys good health.71. What does the laborer think of leisure?A. He thinks he has no time for it since he has to support his family.B. He wishes to have as little leisure as possible.C. He hopes to have more leisure to play.D. He thinks it more important than health and family.Passage 2Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insect when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer, Jean Jacquesd “Ortous de Mairan”, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that man s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Monteflore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. The instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the first four years of research, Dr. Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.72. The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in .A. the regulation of body temperatureB. the secretion of hormonesC. animal reproductionD. many aspects of plant and animal physiology73. In his observation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening and closing cycles .A. even when it was kept in a murky place all dayB. even if it was placed in the moonlightC. even when he was observing it from a dark placeD. even during the night time74. The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.” (Paragraph 2, Line 9) probably means .A. They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to a man made clockB. They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to themC. They can live by regulating their own circadian rhythmsD. They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life75. In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman, the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day .A. in order to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different timesB. so as not to be recognized by the peopleC. so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts workD. so as to leave the people s circadian rhythms in disorder76. What is Mr. Weitzman s ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory?A. He wanted to have his experiment report published in the newspapers.B. People are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.C. He wanted to find a way to treat people s diseases.D. He could gain some reputation for the first scientific observation of circadian.77. Miss Sobol left the laboratory .A. on June 13thB. on June 25thC. at the end of JuneD. on July 7thPassage 3There are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms”. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Here s one example: plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a year faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1,000 kilometer wide strip of forest running through Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2and further boosting global warming.There are dozens of other possible “feedback mechanisms”. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the “albedo” effect is the amount of solar energy reflecte d by the earth s surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase.Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The fact is thatsome of us are doing quite well the way things are. In the developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 per cent of all the world s energy is consumed by a quarter of the world s population. The average rich world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US, with just seven per cent of the global population, is responsible for 22 per cent of global warming.78. “Feedback mechanisms” in paragraph 1 most probably refer to .A. how plants and animals adapt to hidden factorsB. how plants and animals interact with the changing climateC. how climate changesD. how climate zones shift79. We can learn from the passage that .A. some feedback mechanisms may slow down global warmingB. the basic facts of global warming are unknownC. developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuelsD. developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption80. The word “emission” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .A. admissionB. entranceC. ejectionD. agitation81. James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by .A. the cutting of many treesB. desirable environmental changesC. successful migration of speciesD. unsuccessful migration of trees82. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumptionB. a third world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2yearly to the atmosphereC. the world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped greenhouse gas emissionsD. future prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels83. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?A. Impact of global warming on climateB. Prosperity and cheap fossil fuelsC. Material progress and energy consumptionD. Plants and animals in the changing climatePassage 4Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines: the Bug Eyed Monster, embodying every trait and feature that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In contrast to this unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it does, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction. Instead, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to claim that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the aspects of humanlife that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for no other literary form does quite the same things.The question is: what is science fiction? And the answer must be, unfortunately, that there have been few attempts to consider this question at any length or with much seriousness；it may well be that science fiction will resist any comprehensive definition of its characteristics. To say this, however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining it nor that various facets of its totality cannot be clarified. To begin, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary sub genre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and expanded, and probably changed, in the course of this exploration, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure.The first point that science fiction is a literary sub genre is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capek s RUR (Rossum s Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known；the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a sub genre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, character, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man s nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel.84. Science fiction is called a literary sub genre because .A. it is not important enough to be a literary genreB. it cannot be made into a dramatic presentationC. it shares characteristics with other types of prose fictionD. to call it a “genre” would subject it to literary jargon85. Which of the following does not usually contribute to the theme in a piece of science fiction?A. narratorB. settingC. characterD. rhyme86. The view of science fiction encouraged by pulp magazines, while wrong, is nevertheless .A. popularB. derangedC. elegantD. fashionable87. An appropriate title for this passage would be .A. On the Inaccuracies of Pulp MagazinesB. Toward a Definition of Science FictionC. A Type of Prose FictionD. Beyond the Bug Eyed Monster88. The author s definition suggests that all science fiction deals with .A. the same topics addressed by novels and short storiesB. the unfamiliar or unusualC. Karel Capek s well known postulateD. the conflict between science and fiction89. One implication of the final sentence in the passage is that .A. the reader should turn next to commentaries on general fictionB. there is no reason for any reader not to like science fictionC. there are reasons for enjoying science fictionD. those who can read and analyze fiction can also do so with science fictionPassage 5“Refrigerator production in China jumped from 1.4 million units in 1985 to 10. 6 million in 1998,”according to David Fridley, a researcher in the Department of Energy s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.The Global Environmental Facility, through the United Nations Development Program, has decided to fund $9.3 million of the $40 million program to help the government of China transform its market for refrigerators. The refrigerator project began in 1989 when the EPA signed an agreement with the government of China to assist in the elimination of CFCs from refrigerators. Berkeley Lab has been involved in the project since 1995 through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, developing the market transformation program based on the success of the first phase of the project, which involved designing and testing CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) free, energy efficient refrigerators. Fridley says that beyond his technical supervisory role, the Laboratory will be involved in training and working with the State Bureau of Technical Supervision as the new efficiency standards are developed.“Market transformation,”Fridley explains, “is the process of shifting consumer demand for a product, in this case to a more energy efficient, environmentally favorable product through voluntary, market based means such as technical assistance and training for manufacturers, consumer education, and financial incentives to manufacture and sell the more efficient produce.”“Collectively, we developed a technical training program for Chinese refrigerator manufactures interested in developing CFC free, efficient refrigerators; a financial incentive program to motivate manufacturers to build the most efficient refrigerator possible; and a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies that acquire refrigerators in bulk,” Fridley says.In 1998, the refrigerator project was awarded an International Climate Protection Award by the EPA. “It is not widely known in the United States, but China has had an energy efficiency policy in place since the early 1980s,” says Mark Levine, Environmental Energy Technologies Division director and an a dvisor to the Chinese government on energy efficiency. “The government of China is committed to using energy more efficiently, and this has allowed the economy to grow at nearly twice the rate of energy consumption.”“The Energy Efficient Refrigerator Project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. We at Berkeley Lab are grateful to have the chance to work with the people and government of China on this project, as well as on our other refrigerator production projects in energy data analysis, appliance efficiency standards, and technical advice on cogeneration plants,” adds Levine.90. The main idea of this passage is .A. about refrigerator production in ChinaB. about the energy efficient refrigerator project in China aided by the UNC. about the American aid to the Chinese government in environmental protectionD. about the tremendous increase of China s refrigerator production91. From what the two American researchers said we can conclude that .A. the American experts working in the refrigerator project are disappointed China s refrigerator productionB. the American researchers are particularly worried about China s over emission of CFC into the airC. the American researchers in refrigerator technology enjoy their opportunity to work in ChinaD. the American experts sees China as the best place to increase their export of refrigerator technology92. According to Fridley, “Market transformation” means .A. giving a practical guide to the consumers needs as which products are betterB. strengthening the training of designers and manufacturers and educate the consumers to distinguish right products from the fake onesC. producing high quality products that can reach the international standards for environmental protectionD. trying to meet the demand of the consumers by improving the quality of products comprehensively93. The following statements about Berkeley Lab are true EXCEPT .A. It began a project with the government of China in 1989 to assist in the development of CFC free, efficient refrigeratorsB. It provided technical assistance and training for Chinese refrigerator manufacturersC. It helped to develop a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agenciesD. It cooperated with the government of China on several refrigerator projects94. The pronoun “it” in the sentence “It is not widely known in the United States” (paragraph 5) may refer to .A. an International Climate Protection AwardB. the EPA, that is, the U. S. Environmental Protection AgencyC. the refrigerator project mentioned in the passageD. the mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies95. The reason why the Energy Efficient Refrigerator Project is important to China s further development is that .A. the project will have a direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissionsB. the Chinese government is eager to improve its people s living conditionsC. the Chinese government is determined to protect the environment from being destroyed by industrial pollutionD. the Chinese government is eager to up to date the production of its electronic industry PartⅤTranslation (20 %)Part A (10%)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese, Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.Virtue and intelligence belong to human beings as individuals freely associating with other individuals in small groups. So do sin and stupidity. But the subhuman mindlessness to which the demagogue makes his appeal, the moral imbecility on which he relies when he goads his victims。
2015年 河海大学研究生英语一Unit 2 Individuals and Masses
Unit 2 Individuals and MassesA man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoni ng and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is increased to the point w here they cease to have any judgement or will of their own. They become very excitab le, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, they are subject to sud den excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. He is a victim of what I have called' herd-poisoning'. Like alcohol, herd- poison is an active, extrava gant drug. The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness.人们通过两种方式与社会直接联系：作为家庭、职业或者宗教组织的成员，或者是某个群体的成员。
2015年 河海大学研究生英语一 Unit 13 Nine Years for A and B
Unit 13 Nine Years for A and BDr. Johnson was the greatest man who made a dictionary. James A. H. Murray was the man who made the greatest dictionary: From 1879 to 1915, when he died, he devoted his life to the creation of the Oxford English Dictionary. Dr. Johnson had earned the right, as we have not, to call the lexicographer“a harmless drudge”. For Johnson knew not only that a great deal more than drudgery is involved, but also that the amount of drudgery in the making of a dictionary is simply unimaginable. Even the dictionary maker fortunately can’t make real to himself in advance.伟大的约翰森博士编纂了一部词典。
詹姆斯-A-H-莫里则编撰了最伟大的词典：从1879年到1915年，直到他死的那天，他倾其一生的精力来创作《牛津英语词典》。
约翰森博士有我们所不具备的资格，称词典编撰者为“无害的苦力者”。
约翰森博士知道编撰过程不仅极其单调乏味，而且其程度简直是难以想像的。
幸运的是，莫里在编撰词典之前并不知晓。
So the lexicographer—even a profoundly thoughtful and experienced one like James Murray—will grasp at the notion that the letter A is typical, so that he can really calculate, now that he has done A, how long are the vistas ahead. And then, all too soon, he is having to admit, not only that A isn’t typical (apparently it has lots of classically derived words, and these don’t have a great many senses) , but that the whole idea of typical letter is a will-o’-the-wisp. Or again, the lexicographer estimates the amount of time and effort involved in chasing up rare words or scientific terms and then finds that the hardest words are the ones that might seem easiest. The longest entry in the Oxford English Dictionary is for that simple slippery little word set, and Murray was plunged into black despair by “the terrible word Black and its derivatives”.所以，即便是像詹姆斯莫里这样考虑周全且富有经验的词典编撰者——也会急切地接受字母A是典型字母这一观念。
河海大学新生英语入学摸底考试
河海大学新生英语入学摸底考试注意事项：1.答案涂在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的专业，班级，学号，姓名写在答题纸上。
3.考试结束后，只交答题纸。
第一部分听力（满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后都有一个小题，从每题所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are these two people talking about?A.A lightweight shirt.B.Things to wear.C.The warm weather.2.What is the woman’s job?A.Cook.B.WaitressC.Saleswoman.3.How is the man getting to work?A.Riding.B.By bus.C.Driving.4.What does the man mean?A.The woman’s uncle will come for a visit.B.He thinks the woman should visit her place.C.He asks the woman to go over to his place.5.What will the weather in Arizona be like in the coming week?A.Rainy.B.Warm.C.A bit cold.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每个小题所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒的时间阅读每个小题。
听完后，每小题将给出5秒的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。