名词性从句归纳

名词性从句归纳

一、名词性从句概说、结构与功能

名词性从句是起名词作用的从句，其功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。与之对应的名词性从句分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

二、主语从句

1、主语从句的类别

●以从属连词that 引导的主语从句。（从句位于句首，that通常不省略）

→ That she will come to the conference has excited every one of us.

●以从属连词whether 引导的主语从句。（从句置于句首时一般不用if来代替whether）

→ Whether we’ll go outing depends on the weath er.

●以连接代词（what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever等词）引导的主语从句。

→ Whoever will be in charge of the project hasn’t been decided yet.

【注】what 与that在引导主语从句时，what 不但起连接作用，而且还有具体意义，意为“所…的”，相当于the things that结构；而that则无词义。即如果从句中不缺少主语或宾语时，选择that，否则用what。

●以连接副词（when，where, how, why 等词）引导的主语从句.

→ When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear.

2、用it 作形式主语的主语从句

注：以下几种特殊情况必须用it作形式主语：

⑴ It is + adj. + that 从句

常见的形容词有：necessary，right，likely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange 等。

→ It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.

⑵ It is + noun + that 从句

常接这种句型的名词有：a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honor, a wonder, no wonder 等。

→ It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture [讲座] yesterday.

⑶It is + 过去分词

常见的分词有：said, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, thought, considered, pointed out, well known, hoped, turned out 等词

→ It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.

⑷ It + 特殊动词+ that从句

常用于这种结构的动词有：seem，happen（碰巧），appear，occur 等。

→ It seems to me that you object to the plan.

It happened that I didn’t take any money with me.

⑸It doesn’t matter how/whether…结构中的主语从句

→It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

三、宾语从句

1、动词的宾语从句

⑴大多数动词都可以带有宾语从句→ We all expect that they will win this match.

常见的动词有：hope, tell, say, know, think, consider, imagine, hear, expect, suppose, guess 等。

⑵有些“动词+副词”结构也可带宾语从句。

→ I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.

⑶可以运用形式宾语it的宾语从句：

①动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe 等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it 作形式宾语而讲that

宾语从句后置。

→ I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

② 动词hate, take, have, see to等词在带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。

▲（若宾语从句是“WH”系列引导，其后有to be短语作宾补，则不可以用it替代。）

→ I take it that you will agree with us.

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.

2、介词的宾语从句

⑴一般情况下，介词后面只能用“WH”系列连接词来引导的宾语从句。

→ We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

▲用that引导从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语it替代，然后将that从句发在最后。

→ You may depend on it that I shall always help you.

⑵偶尔的情况下，except, but, besides, in四个介词后面可接that引导的宾语从句

→ I know nothing about my new neighbor expect that he used to work in a company.

I prefer his plan to yours in that I think it is more practical. (in that 表示原因)

He would have failed but that you helped him. (but that 要不是，若非)

3、形容词的宾语从句

⑴sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等表示“情感”色彩的形容词后也可以

带宾语从句。

→ He is sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.

⑵当主句中的谓语动词是think, say, guess, suppose, suggest, believe, feel, consider时，宾语从句的引导词

表示疑问时，需要放在句首。