温州市饮用水源现状调查分析与保护对策

水资源是人类社会可持续发展的首要因素，而饮用性水资源更是人类赖以生存和发展的重要前提和基础。温州市位于浙江省的东南部，属中度缺水城市。近年来，随着温州地区经济不断发展和城市化进程的推进，饮用的水污染逐步走进我们视野，如水源地附近农业生产中化肥的不合理的使用，饮用水源地上游集聚了超规模的畜禽养殖业，工业废水、城市及农村生活污水处理未达标或未经处理排放等等，这都造成水环境日益恶化，部分水源地水质变差，严重威胁到该市广大市民的生命和健康,也影响到该市的可持续发展。如何控制水源地的污染源，保护饮用水安全已经成为该市迫在眉睫的问题。

针对温州市饮用水源实际状况，本论文以该市饮用水水源为研究对象，采用实地调查、文献资料和分析统计相结合的方法，对该市的饮用水水源地的自然环境、水源地水环境质量、污染因素和原因等等相关基础情况进行了分析和研究，得出主要结论有：

1、温州市水资源及基础设施较其经济的发展存在滞后现象；人均水资源占有量较我国的人均水资源占有量明显偏低。

2、水库型、地下型与河流型的水资源利用与分配有待进一步科学合理化。

3、该市多数饮用水水源地水质较好，少数水源地水质不合标准，合标准占90%左右。

4、水源地主要污染源为生活污染和农业污染，工业污染相对较少。

在此分析和研究的基础上，本文从饮用水水源地的污染源控制为着眼点，进行水污染的防治对策分析；探索了水源地保护的生态补偿模式；提出了水源地污染源防治措施；也从政策层面提出了一些建议。本研究对促进温州市或类似城市的饮用水源地保护和可持续利用具有重要的理论和现实意义。

关键词：温州市；饮用水源；调查分析；保护对策

Abstract

Water resource is the most basic element of sustainable development of human society, and water resource is the important foundation of human survival and development. However, Wenzhou city, in the southeast of Zhejiang province, belongs to a moderate water shortage city. In recent years, with the development of the society and the advancement of urbanization, agricultural production in the unreasonable use of pesticides, fertilizers, upstream water source sites offering the poultry breeding industry, storage of super scale industrial wastewater, urban and rural sewage treatment falls below or untreated emission and so on, all which caused the deterioration of water environment. Part of the water quality variation was a serious threat to the city citizens’ lives and health. Besides, it also affected the sustainable development of Wenzhou city. Therefore, how to control the pollution sources and the protect drinking water have become an immediate problem for the city.

This paper’s research object is Wenzhou drinking water sources, it directly against its drinking water source actual situation. After making on site research, refer to documents, we research into natural environment, protecting area status, environmental quality, source of pollution, pollution factors, we get conclusion below:

1. Wenzhou’s water resource a nd its base installation can not catch up its development of economy; the average per capita water availability in Wenzhou is obviously low than it in China.

2. we need to take full advantage of reservoir, underground water and rivers..

3. Majority of water source are in good quality, minority are not up to the standard.

4. Primary pollution source are domestic pollution and agriculture pollution, industrial pollution relatively less. So we make pollution source countermeasure analysis, explore eco-compensation model, raise prevent measures, and also give some policy suggestion. The research has theoretical and practical significance for sustainable utilization and drinking water sourcing protection of Wenzhou or other cities.

Keywords: Wenzhou city; Drinking water sources; Investigation; Protection Measures