土力学专业英语词汇

Retaining Wall

A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. The active pressure increases on the retaining wall proportionally from zero at the upper grade level to a maximum value at the lowest depth of the wall. The total pressure or thrust may be assumed to be acting through the centroid of the triangular distribution pattern, one-third above the base of the wall.

Stability of Retaining walls

(a) sliding of the wall outwards from the retaining soil,

(b) overturning of the retaining wall about its toe,

(c) foundation bearing failure

(d) larger scale slope or other failure in the surrounding soil. Retaining wall design has long been carried out with the aid of either the Rankine or Coulomb theories of earth pressure.

Water load

Wave loads

Fluid pressure

hydrostatic pressure (Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces ) Ice Loads

iceberg impacts (流冰冲击力)

Wind Load

Characteristic value of wind load (风荷载标准值)vertical to building surface

Principal load-bearing structures

Dynamic effect factor of wind (风振系数)at a height of Z; Shape factor of wind load

Exposure factor for wind pressure

Reference wind pressure

Recurrence interval of wind pressure(重现期)

Terrain roughness（地面粗糙程度）

The population effects for the mutual interference of wind forces The mutual interference enlargement coefficient（群体风压体型系数）

The shape factors for the local wind pressures (the fencing members and their connections)局部风压体型系数

Along wind direction wind excitation

Magnification factor of wind fluctuation

Wind fluctuation factor

The vibration mode factor

The width of windward side of structure

Mass and rigidity

basic wind speed

Gust factor (阵风系数)

Cross wind direction wind excitation

Reynolds number

Fundamental natural period of vibration for structure

重力荷载（Weight load）

Within the framework of Civil Engineering, structural engineering is the discipline that creates the structural forms that serve to provide shelter, electrical power, and transportation for the population.

It is often said that structural design is a combination of art and science. The experience and intuitive feeling of an engineer relative to the structure being built reflect the artistic aspects of structural design. The scientific aspects of structural design rely on knowledge of mechanics and material behavior.