Introcution-to-Business-商学导论-IB13PPT课件
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intruduction to business 商学导论 青旅创业
More competitors The sizes of youth hostel are small and they locate separately Providing >demanding There are a lot of tourism alternatives Discounted tickets for traveling
Superiority
Opportunity
Weakness Threat
SUPERIORITY
1、Great sense of achievement and the passion of having your own business 2、Low rents Low cost 3、To have certain human resources 4、Certain brand image and effect shape enterprise culture 5、Partnership :share risks, more funding , more skill 6、Direct strategic direction goal 7、Perfect manage system 8、High market share in traveling industry
Strong economic growth
more customers
and Increase prC CONDITIONS The basic
will be increase
cost of travel was operating costs WHICH MAY INFLUENCE THE the BUSINESS increase , people will
第八章管理学Introcution_to_Business_商学导论PPT_IB08
IB-CHAPTER8
17
Conflicts of Interest within the Board
•
eBay’s corporate governance guidelines include the following:
•
“The Board should be composed of directors who are chosen based on integrity, judgment, and experience. The directors should have high-level managerial experience to deal with complex problems. They should represent the best interests of the shareholders”
•
IB-CHAPTER8 7
Narrow & Wide Span of Control
IB-CHAPTER8
Exhibit 8.3
8
Line versus Staff Positions
Line positions: job positions established to make decisions that achieve specific business goals • Staff Positions: job positions established to support the efforts of line positions • Line organization: an organizational structure that contains only line positions.
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB12
Research & Development
Improvements Patents
Copyright © 2007 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Creating and Pricing Products
Line/Mix Cycle Target Market New Product Differentiate Pricing Other Pricing
The Key Decisions in Running a Business
Copyright © 2007 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Creating and Pricing Products
Line/Mix Cycle Target Market New Product Differentiate Pricing Other Pricing
Product Differentiation
Design Packaging Branding
Copyright © 2007 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Creating and Pricing Products
Line/Mix Cycle Target Market New Product Differentiate Pricing Other Pricing
Creating and Pricing Products
Product Mix
Copyright © 2007 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Creating and Pricing Products
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论-IB
• Differentiate among the types of compensation that firms offer to employees.
• Describe the skills of employees that firms develop.
• Explain how the performance of employees can be evaluated.
5. When a firm attempts to fill job openings with persons it already employs, it is engaging in:
a. intrapreneurship b. internal recruiting c.entrenchment
• For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need.
• Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
11–4
Quiz
1. Name
2. One task of human resource planning is recruiting true/false?
3. The overall performance of most employees is based on multiple criteria true/false?
• Internal/external
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
• Describe the skills of employees that firms develop.
• Explain how the performance of employees can be evaluated.
5. When a firm attempts to fill job openings with persons it already employs, it is engaging in:
a. intrapreneurship b. internal recruiting c.entrenchment
• For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need.
• Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
11–4
Quiz
1. Name
2. One task of human resource planning is recruiting true/false?
3. The overall performance of most employees is based on multiple criteria true/false?
• Internal/external
Copyright © 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.*
1章 商学导论 ppt课件
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第20页
第一章 导论
公司制的优点
– 解决企业投资规模问题 – 解决企业生命周期短的问题
公司制的缺点
– 所有权与经营权的分离使得 股东对公司经营控制力显著下 降，容易产生内部人控制等一 系列问题
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第10页
第一章 导论
企业各种资源与关系
关系
关系
关系
关系
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้关系
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第11页
第一章 导论
第二节 企业的产生与发展
• 从技术的角度看企业形态的演变（自发的性质）
第21页
第一章 导论
公司产生发展的四个重要阶段：
➢ 古罗马帝国时期：船夫行会，开创股份的先河 ➢ 中世纪的欧洲（起源于15世纪）
– 大陆起源说：认为公司起源于中世纪欧洲大陆的地中 海沿岸，由家族营业团体发展而来
– 海上起源说：认为公司起源于中世纪的海上贸易，由 船舶共有、康枚达（Commenda）和索塞特（ societas）等组织发展而来
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第16页
第一章 导论
合伙制的优点
– 投资规模较业主制大 – 选择经营者的范围扩大
合伙制的缺点
– 创办者之间的连带风险，不 好选择投资伙伴
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第20页
第一章 导论
公司制的优点
– 解决企业投资规模问题 – 解决企业生命周期短的问题
公司制的缺点
– 所有权与经营权的分离使得 股东对公司经营控制力显著下 降，容易产生内部人控制等一 系列问题
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第10页
第一章 导论
企业各种资源与关系
关系
关系
关系
关系
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้关系
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第11页
第一章 导论
第二节 企业的产生与发展
• 从技术的角度看企业形态的演变（自发的性质）
第21页
第一章 导论
公司产生发展的四个重要阶段：
➢ 古罗马帝国时期：船夫行会，开创股份的先河 ➢ 中世纪的欧洲（起源于15世纪）
– 大陆起源说：认为公司起源于中世纪欧洲大陆的地中 海沿岸，由家族营业团体发展而来
– 海上起源说：认为公司起源于中世纪的海上贸易，由 船舶共有、康枚达（Commenda）和索塞特（ societas）等组织发展而来
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
第16页
第一章 导论
合伙制的优点
– 投资规模较业主制大 – 选择经营者的范围扩大
合伙制的缺点
– 创办者之间的连带风险，不 好选择投资伙伴
03.03.2021
商学导论/Introduction to Business
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB02
• diversity • sexual harassment • affirmative action (Br:positive dicrimination) • grievance policy • layoffs • dilemma • employee turnover • shareholer activism • institutional investors • tradeoff
• •
Apple and IBM
– Invest in education programs
Home Depot
– Donates to community programs for housing projects – Provided supplies and equipment to 9.11 rescue efforts
•
Sarbanes-Oxley Act: the Public Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act, 2002
Violations of Responsibility
Cases of misleading stockholders: provide misleading financial information that exaggerates financial condition
- product safety - advertising - industry competition
Responsibility to Employees
• •
Employee Safety
– workplace
Proper Treatment of Employees
商务导论Chapter .ppt
Business and You
If you wanted to set up a restaurant near HUST Rong Cheng College, what kind of restaurant are you going to set up? What kind of food are you going to serve?
Every day you make choices about how you will spend your resources to satisfy your needs and wants. You can make the most of your resources by making the best choices about what to buy.
How to Define Business
Business is any commercial activity that seeks profit by
providing goods and services to others in exchange for money.
Profit is the money left over after a business has paid
customers.
Competition is possible because companies have the freedom to produce the products they think will be the most profitable. Buyers can compete to find the best products at the lowest prices.
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB06
Internet makes the process easier • Some useful websites: p167
•
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
4
Resources Available to Assist Entrepreneur
•
•
•
SBA: The Small Business Administration web site provides many resources related to creating a small business Yahoo !: Yahoo ! Small Business Site – a good place to find links for more information American Express: American Express Small Business Site /smallbusin ess provides much information and links that can help during start up.
2017/12/28 IB-CHAPTER6 18
Key Advantages
•
Produce products efficiently
– efficient management of HR – efficient management of production process
•
Produce Higher-Quality Products
2017/12/28
IB-CHAPTER6
5
Entrepreneurship
- Profit Potential
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论PPT-IB13
channel integration.
IB-CHAPTER12
2
Key Terms
• direct channel 直接（销售）渠道 • exclusive distrubtion 独家经销 • full-service retail store 全方位服务的零售商店 • independent retail store 独立/自营零售商店 • intensive distribution 集约性经销，密集分销 • market coverage 市场覆盖密度，市场覆盖面 • marketing intermediaries 经销中间人 • merchants 批发商 • one-level channel 一级（销售）渠道 • selective distribution 选择性经销
Information
Promotion
Credit
IB-CHAPTER12
Displays
15
Vertical Integration
• Two or more levels of distribution are managed by a single firm.
• This strategy can be used by retailers or manufacturers.
Part V: Marketing
13
Distributing Products
Learning Objectives
1. Explain advantages and disadvantages of direct distribution channel.
2. Identify factors that could determine optimal channel of distribution.
IB-CHAPTER12
2
Key Terms
• direct channel 直接（销售）渠道 • exclusive distrubtion 独家经销 • full-service retail store 全方位服务的零售商店 • independent retail store 独立/自营零售商店 • intensive distribution 集约性经销，密集分销 • market coverage 市场覆盖密度，市场覆盖面 • marketing intermediaries 经销中间人 • merchants 批发商 • one-level channel 一级（销售）渠道 • selective distribution 选择性经销
Information
Promotion
Credit
IB-CHAPTER12
Displays
15
Vertical Integration
• Two or more levels of distribution are managed by a single firm.
• This strategy can be used by retailers or manufacturers.
Part V: Marketing
13
Distributing Products
Learning Objectives
1. Explain advantages and disadvantages of direct distribution channel.
2. Identify factors that could determine optimal channel of distribution.
Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB09
9
PartPart III Management III: Management
9 Improving Productivity & Quality
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Jeff Madura
Jeff Madura
Learning Goals
9–8
Resources Used for Production
One
Human Resources (type, number and skill level of employees) Materials are transformed by human resources into a final product. Other Resources (building, machinery, equipment, technology, etc.)
9–5
Key Terms
production schedule生产计划 program evaluation and review technique (PERT)规划评估与复核法 quality control质量控制 quality control circle质量控制圈 ，品管圈 reengineering再造 restructuring重组 ，改造 routing路线 ，途径 sampling取样 ，抽样 scheduling进度安排
9–18
Outsourcing
Reasons for outsourcing
Cost Savings Focus on Core Business Cost Restructuring. Outsourcing offers a move
PartPart III Management III: Management
9 Improving Productivity & Quality
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Jeff Madura
Jeff Madura
Learning Goals
9–8
Resources Used for Production
One
Human Resources (type, number and skill level of employees) Materials are transformed by human resources into a final product. Other Resources (building, machinery, equipment, technology, etc.)
9–5
Key Terms
production schedule生产计划 program evaluation and review technique (PERT)规划评估与复核法 quality control质量控制 quality control circle质量控制圈 ，品管圈 reengineering再造 restructuring重组 ，改造 routing路线 ，途径 sampling取样 ，抽样 scheduling进度安排
9–18
Outsourcing
Reasons for outsourcing
Cost Savings Focus on Core Business Cost Restructuring. Outsourcing offers a move
Introcution-to-Business-商学导论-IB12PPT课件
Line/Mix Cycle Target Market New Product Differentiate Pricing Other Pricing
• Line depth refers to the number of product variants in a line.
• Line consistency refers to how closely related the products that make up the line are.
Product Mix of LG
• Mobile Phoones • TV/Audio/Video • Home Appliances • Air Conditioners • IT products
2021
10
Creating and Pricing Products
Diversifying Product Mix
Other Pricing
Target Market
Creating and Pricing Products
Pricing
New Product
Differentiate
2021
2
Creating and Pricing Products
The Key Decisions in Running a Business
2021
11
Creating and Pricing Products
Diversifying Product Mix
• The Coca-Cola Company also produces a number of other soft drinks including Fanta (introduced circa 1942 or 1943) and Sprite.
• Line depth refers to the number of product variants in a line.
• Line consistency refers to how closely related the products that make up the line are.
Product Mix of LG
• Mobile Phoones • TV/Audio/Video • Home Appliances • Air Conditioners • IT products
2021
10
Creating and Pricing Products
Diversifying Product Mix
Other Pricing
Target Market
Creating and Pricing Products
Pricing
New Product
Differentiate
2021
2
Creating and Pricing Products
The Key Decisions in Running a Business
2021
11
Creating and Pricing Products
Diversifying Product Mix
• The Coca-Cola Company also produces a number of other soft drinks including Fanta (introduced circa 1942 or 1943) and Sprite.
Introduction-to-Business培训课件
Home assignments: skill training in personal planning, data collection, information search and analysis
Team assignments:
Team work spirits and experience
精
2
Ms. （Cathy）H. MA
Office: 8404 Office phone: 68681643 Ex. 8404 Email: mahaifang@ Office Hour:
Mon. 12:00-12:45pm Also by appointment
精
3
Textbook
–Qualified and trained HR –Management Competency –Location decision
–Professional help –Planning ability –Market demand
–Luck?
To become a better informed consumer and
7,8
6 Business Management 4
7 Business Management 5,6
8 HR Management
13,14,15
9 (flexible)
精
13
Course Arrangement
Week
Contents
10-11 Marketing
12-13 Operations and Quality
The textbook website:
/international
CCTV channel 2 /special/gsdll/01/
Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB01
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–3
Key Terms
human resources information system information technology management manager marketing natural resources nonprofit organization
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved. 4–10
Resources Used to Produce Products or Services
Natural
resources Human resources Capital Entrepreneurship
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
4–16
Entrepreneurship
The creation of business ideas and the willingness to take risk The act of creating, organizing, and managing a business Entrepreneurs are people who organize, manage and assume the risk of starting a business.
4–13
Capital
Machinery, equipment, tools and physical facilities used by a business Technology improves capital by helping to produce products and services more quickly and at a higher quality. Information technology, as a subset of technology, enables information to be used to produce products and services.
Introcution to Business 商学导论PPT IB11
11–8
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Human Resource Planning
Job analysis
– Determining the tasks and the necessary credentials for a particular position
Job specification states the credentials needed to qualify for a position. Job description states the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a job position.
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
11–12
Hiring
From the job description, list the responsibilities of the position. For each responsibility, list some task which need to be performed to accomplish the responsibility. For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need. Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
a. Job specification b. Job description c. job analysis d. job evaluation e. performance evaluation
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
Human Resource Planning
Job analysis
– Determining the tasks and the necessary credentials for a particular position
Job specification states the credentials needed to qualify for a position. Job description states the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a job position.
Copyright 2004 South-Western. All rights reserved.
11–12
Hiring
From the job description, list the responsibilities of the position. For each responsibility, list some task which need to be performed to accomplish the responsibility. For one or two of the tasks, list a skill that the candidate would need. Develop a behavioral question for that skill.
a. Job specification b. Job description c. job analysis d. job evaluation e. performance evaluation
Introcution_to_Business_商学导论PPT_IB07
7–9
Steps of Planning
Mission
statement describes the firm’s primary goal. Strategic plan identifies the long-term business focus, perhaps three to five years. It typically includes goals and strategies to satisfy the mission. Tactical planning are smaller scale plans (over one or two years) that are consistent with the firm’s strategic plan. (short-term) Operational planning establishes the methods to be used in the near future (such as the next year) to achieve the tactical plans. Contingency planning are alternative plans developed for various possible business conditions. (alternative plans)
7
III Management PartPart III: Management
Managing Effectively
7
Introduction to Business 3e Introduction to Business
Jeff Madura
Chapter 7 Learning Goals
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chan1
2
Key Terms
• direct channel 直接（销售）渠道 • exclusive distrubtion 独家经销 • full-service retail store 全方位服务的零售商店 • independent retail store 独立/自营零售商店 • intensive distribution 集约性经销，密集分销 • market coverage 市场覆盖密度，市场覆盖面 • marketing intermediaries 经销中间人 • merchants 批发商 • one-level channel 一级（销售）渠道 • selective distribution 选择性经销
2021
3
Channels of Distribution
• Determine how the firm’s products will be accessible to customers
• “Placing”
• Direct channel: no intermediaries are involved
Part V: Marketing
13
Distributing Products
Learning Objectives
1. Explain advantages and disadvantages of direct distribution channel.
2. Identify factors that could determine optimal channel of distribution.
– Have to sell on credit
2021
4
Channels of Distribution
• One-Level Channel
– One marketing intermediary is between the producer and the customer
➢ Merchants ➢ Agents
outlets
across most or all possible outlets
through selected
Intensive
outlets
Selective
Exclusive
only one or a
few outlets
2021
7
Optimal Coverage
2021
8
Transportation Methods
• self-service retail store • speciality retail store 专营商店 • two-level channel 二级（销售）渠道 • variety retail store 百货商店，杂货店 • vertical channel integration 纵向渠道联合，垂直渠道整合
• Two-Level Channel
– Two marketing intermediaries are between the producer and the customer
2021
5
Optimal Distribution Channel
• Depends on product’s characteristics
– Allows full control over price
– Provides first-hand customer feedback
– Requires more employees (to sell & deliver the products)
– Incurs more expenses to promote product
Transport Forms
• Cost of transporting products can exceed production costs
– Efficiency of transportation
– Firm should estimate timing, cost, and availability
2021
9
Streamline Channels of Distribution
• the final product reaches customers more quickly
2021
10
Interaction with Production Process
2021
11
Distribution Tasks
2021
12
Retailer Characteristics
Number of Outlets
Store Type
Quality of Service
Variety of Products
2021
13
Wholesalers & Manufacturers
Warehousing
Information
accelerated. 6. Explain how retailers serve customers. 7. Explain how wholesalers can serve manufacturers and
retailers. 8. Explain the strategy and potential benefits of vertical
– Ease of transporting – Degree of standardization – Ability to fulfill Internet orders (direct)
2021
6
Market Coverage
• the degree of product distribution among
3. Differentiate between types of market coverage. 4. Describe the various forms of transportation used to
distribute products. 5. Explain how the distribution process can be
2
Key Terms
• direct channel 直接（销售）渠道 • exclusive distrubtion 独家经销 • full-service retail store 全方位服务的零售商店 • independent retail store 独立/自营零售商店 • intensive distribution 集约性经销，密集分销 • market coverage 市场覆盖密度，市场覆盖面 • marketing intermediaries 经销中间人 • merchants 批发商 • one-level channel 一级（销售）渠道 • selective distribution 选择性经销
2021
3
Channels of Distribution
• Determine how the firm’s products will be accessible to customers
• “Placing”
• Direct channel: no intermediaries are involved
Part V: Marketing
13
Distributing Products
Learning Objectives
1. Explain advantages and disadvantages of direct distribution channel.
2. Identify factors that could determine optimal channel of distribution.
– Have to sell on credit
2021
4
Channels of Distribution
• One-Level Channel
– One marketing intermediary is between the producer and the customer
➢ Merchants ➢ Agents
outlets
across most or all possible outlets
through selected
Intensive
outlets
Selective
Exclusive
only one or a
few outlets
2021
7
Optimal Coverage
2021
8
Transportation Methods
• self-service retail store • speciality retail store 专营商店 • two-level channel 二级（销售）渠道 • variety retail store 百货商店，杂货店 • vertical channel integration 纵向渠道联合，垂直渠道整合
• Two-Level Channel
– Two marketing intermediaries are between the producer and the customer
2021
5
Optimal Distribution Channel
• Depends on product’s characteristics
– Allows full control over price
– Provides first-hand customer feedback
– Requires more employees (to sell & deliver the products)
– Incurs more expenses to promote product
Transport Forms
• Cost of transporting products can exceed production costs
– Efficiency of transportation
– Firm should estimate timing, cost, and availability
2021
9
Streamline Channels of Distribution
• the final product reaches customers more quickly
2021
10
Interaction with Production Process
2021
11
Distribution Tasks
2021
12
Retailer Characteristics
Number of Outlets
Store Type
Quality of Service
Variety of Products
2021
13
Wholesalers & Manufacturers
Warehousing
Information
accelerated. 6. Explain how retailers serve customers. 7. Explain how wholesalers can serve manufacturers and
retailers. 8. Explain the strategy and potential benefits of vertical
– Ease of transporting – Degree of standardization – Ability to fulfill Internet orders (direct)
2021
6
Market Coverage
• the degree of product distribution among
3. Differentiate between types of market coverage. 4. Describe the various forms of transportation used to
distribute products. 5. Explain how the distribution process can be