Economic Cycle(经济周期)
西方经济学名词解释

西方经济学名词解释西方经济学是指西方国家对经济学的研究和理论积累。
它旨在揭示和理解市场经济系统的运作机制以及经济的增长、分配和资源配置等重要问题。
在西方经济学中,存在许多重要的概念和名词,下面对其中一些进行解释和说明。
1. 市场经济(Market Economy)市场经济是一种经济体制,其中生产、投资、分配和定价等决策主要由市场而非政府来完成。
市场经济中,供求关系决定了产品和服务的价格和数量,市场的竞争机制推动着资源的优化配置。
2. 边际效用(Marginal Utility)边际效用是指消费者因消费一单位商品或服务而得到的额外满足感。
边际效用逐渐减少的原理说明了为何人们在消费中更愿意选择价值较高的商品。
3. 供给与需求(Supply and Demand)供给与需求是指市场上商品或服务的提供量与需求量之间的关系。
供给受到生产成本、技术进步等因素的影响,需求则与价格、收入、消费习惯等因素相关。
供需关系决定了市场均衡价格和数量。
4. 弹性(Elasticity)弹性是指市场对价格或收入变动的敏感程度。
需求弹性衡量了消费者对价格变化的反应,供给弹性则衡量了生产者对价格变化的反应。
弹性分析可帮助理解市场的反应和调整机制。
5. 外部性(Externality)外部性是指市场交易过程中产生的对非交易参与者造成的影响,这些影响可能是正面的(正外部性)、负面的(负外部性)或混合的。
外部性需要政府等相关方采取措施来纠正市场的失灵。
6. 通货膨胀(Inflation)通货膨胀是指货币供应量增加导致物价普遍上升的现象。
通货膨胀通常会导致购买力下降,对个人和经济产生影响。
央行通过调控货币供应量和利率等手段来控制通货膨胀水平。
7. 货币政策(Monetary Policy)货币政策是央行通过改变货币供应量和利率来影响经济运行和稳定的政策工具。
货币政策旨在通过稳定通货膨胀、促进经济增长和维护金融稳定等来实现经济的目标。
8. 物价指数(Price Index)物价指数是衡量一定篮子或一定种类商品价格变动的指标。
银行专业术语汇总

银行专业术语汇总 Company Document number:WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-1.现金业务:Cash business,2.转账业务:transfer business,3.汇兑业务:currency exchange business,4.委托收款:commission receivables,5.发放贷款:loans,6.贷款收回:loan recovery,7.贷款展期:loan extension,8.办理银行汇票:apply for bank drafts,9.收息:interest,10托收: collection.其他相关:account number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 存款单a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a cheque 兑付to dishonor a cheque 拒付to suspend payment 止付cheque,check 支票cheque book 支票本order cheque 记名支票bearer cheque 不记名支票crossed cheque 横线支票blank cheque 空白支票rubber cheque 空头支票cheque stub, counterfoil 票根cash cheque 现金支票traveler's cheque 旅行支票cheque for transfer 转帐支票outstanding cheque 未付支票canceled cheque 已付支票forged cheque 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票,银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行,储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司(贴现公司)neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建设银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐,流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复苏inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favourable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券。
Economic Cycle(经济周期)

1.朱格拉周期 法国经济学家朱格拉(C Juglar)于1862年出版了 《法国、英国及美国的商业危机及其周期》一书中, 提出了资本主义经济存在着9~10年的周期波动,一般 称为“朱格拉周期”。熊彼特把这种周期称为中周期, 或朱格拉周期。汉森则把这种周期称为“主要经济周 期”。 2.基钦周期 英国经济学家约瑟夫· 基钦(J· Kitchen)于1923年 提出了存在着一种40个月(3~4年)左右的小周期, 而一个大周期则包括两个或三个小周期,故称为“基 钦周期”。基钦提到,这种小周期是心理原因所引起 的有节奏的运动的结果,而这种心理原因又是受农业 丰歉影响食物价格所造成的。
cause of formation 成因
external cause 外因论Cycle stems from factors outside the economic system - sunspots, war, revolution, elections, gold, or the discovery of new resources, scientific breakthroughs or technological innovation. Sunspot theory太阳黑子理论 Innovation theory 创新理论 Political theory 政治性理论 Internal cause 内因论Cycle comes from within the economy revenue, cost, investment in the market mechanism inevitable phenomenon. Pure monetary theory纯货币理论 Excessive investment theory投资过度理论 Theory of consumption of less than消费不足理论 Theory of Psychology 心理理论 Integrate cause 综合论
如何理解经济周期?

如何理解经济周期?经济周期是指一个国家或地区经济活动在一定时间内的波动过程,通常表现为经济的扩张和收缩交替出现的现象。
这一概念对研究宏观经济具有重要意义,因为它能帮助我们理解经济运行的规律,为政策制定提供参考。
经济周期的定义经济周期可以被定义为GDP增长率、就业水平、物价水平等经济指标在时间序列上的波动。
一般来说,经济周期分为四个阶段:扩张、顶峰、收缩和谷底。
扩张:在这一阶段,经济活动蓬勃发展,生产和就业水平上升。
消费者信心增强,投资增加,收入水平提高,市场需求旺盛。
顶峰:当经济达到其最高点时,就进入了顶峰阶段。
尽管这一阶段看似繁荣,但由于过度投资和产能过剩,实际上潜藏着未来的危机。
收缩:也称为衰退期,经济活动开始减缓。
企业盈利下降,消费者支出减少,失业率上升。
许多企业可能会破产,这拉低了整体经济水平。
谷底:这是经济周期的最低点,经历了衰退后,在这个阶段中经济活动极端疲软,民众普遍失去信心,需要通过政策干预和市场自我调整恢复到正常水平。
经济周期的成因理解经济周期,就必须深入探讨其成因。
导致经济周期波动的因素有很多,包括以下几个方面:需求因素消费需求作为推动经济增长的重要因素,会直接影响企业的生产和投资决策。
当消费者信心下降时,对产品和服务的需求减少,从而导致产出下降和失业增加。
供给因素生产成本上升,如原材料价格上涨、工资增加,也会对经济产生影响。
当企业面临更高的生产成本时,它们可能会减少产量或者裁员,从而导致整体经济放缓。
政策因素政府的财政政策和货币政策在很大程度上影响着经济周期。
例如,当政府采用扩张性的货币政策时,如降低利率,可以刺激借贷消费从而促进投资与整体需求。
但如果反复过度刺激,有可能导致通货膨胀或资产泡沫。
国际因素全球市场每天都在不断变化,其中国际贸易、资本流动以及外部市场对本国的影响也是不可忽视的重要因素之一。
如海外市场需求减弱可能会导致出口下滑,从而影响本国的生产和就业。
心理因素人们的预期和信心变化也可能导致整个经济体的波动。
银行英语常用词汇(二)

银行英语常用词汇(二)为大家整理了银行英语的常用词汇,希望对你有帮助哦! 银行英语常用词汇(二):stment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐,流水帐bad debts 坏帐economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复苏inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favourable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exchange 直接(对角)套汇indirect exchange 间接(三角)套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储备money (financial) market 金融市场。
工商管理专业专业术语汇总

工商管理专业英语术语汇总专业简介: 工商管理主要研究管理学、经济学和现代企业管理等方面的基本知识和技能,包括企业的经营战略制定和内部行为管理等,运用现代管理的方法和手段进行有效的企业管理和经营决策,制定企业的战略性目标,以保证企业的生存和发展。
开设课程: 管理学原理、微观经济学、宏观经济学、技术经济学、管理信息系统、统计学、会计学、中级会计实务、财务管理、运筹学、市场营销、经济法、现代公司制概论、经营管理、公司金融、人力资源管理、企业战略管理等。
一、管理学原理术语术语术语术语术语管理 (Management)经营管理 (BusinessManagement)管理过程 (ManagementProcess)管理功能 (ManagementFunctions)管理层次 (ManagementLevels)管理者 (Manager)领导者 (Leader)领导风格 (LeadershipStyle)领导理论 (LeadershipTheory)领导技能 (LeadershipSkills)决策 (Decision Making)决策类型 (DecisionTypes)决策模型 (DecisionModels)决策方法 (DecisionMethods)决策过程 (DecisionProcess)规划 (Planning)规划类型 (PlanningTypes)规划原则 (PlanningPrinciples)规划工具 (PlanningTools)规划控制 (PlanningControl)组织 (Organization)组织结构(OrganizationalStructure)组织设计(Organizational Design)组织文化(OrganizationalCulture)组织变革(OrganizationalChange)激励 (Motivation)激励理论 (MotivationTheory)激励方法 (MotivationMethods)激励因素 (MotivationFactors)激励效果 (MotivationEffects)控制 (Control)控制类型 (ControlTypes)控制原则 (ControlPrinciples)控制方法 (ControlMethods)控制过程 (ControlProcess)沟通 (Communication)沟通模型(Communication Model)沟通方式(Communication Mode)沟通技巧(Communication Skills)沟通障碍(CommunicationBarriers)协调 (Coordination)协调机制 (CoordinationMechanism)协调原则 (CoordinationPrinciples)协调方法 (CoordinationMethods)协调效果(CoordinationEffects)管理环境(Management Environment)管理伦理(ManagementEthics)管理创新(ManagementInnovation)管理战略(ManagementStrategy)管理评价(ManagementEvaluation)二、微观经济学术语术语术语术语术语微观经济学(Microeconomics)市场(Market)需求(Demand)供给(Supply)市场均衡(MarketEquilibrium)弹性(Elasticity)消费者行为(ConsumerBehavior)效用(Utility)边际效用(MarginalUtility)预算约束(BudgetConstraint)消费者选择(ConsumerChoice)无差异曲线(IndifferenceCurve)边际替代率(Marginal Rateof Substitution)消费者剩余(Consumer Surplus)需求曲线(DemandCurve)生产者行为(ProducerBehavior)生产函数(ProductionFunction)边际产品(MarginalProduct)规模报酬(Returns toScale)成本(Cost)短期成本(Short-runCost)长期成本(Long-runCost)边际成本(Marginal Cost)平均成本(AverageCost)供给曲线(Supply Curve)市场结构(Market Structure)完全竞争(PerfectCompetition)垄断(Monopoly)寡头(Oligopoly)垄断竞争(MonopolisticCompetition)价格歧视(Price Discrimination)博弈论(Game Theory)纳什均衡(NashEquilibrium)策略(Strategy)支配策略(DominantStrategy)外部性(Externality)公共品(Public Good)信息不对称(AsymmetricInformation)逆向选择(AdverseSelection)道德风险(Moral Hazard)市场失灵(MarketFailure)政府干预(GovernmentIntervention)税收(Taxation)补贴(Subsidy)福利经济学(WelfareEconomics)三、宏观经济学术语术语术语术语术语宏观经济学(Macroeconomics)国民收入(NationalIncome)国内生产总值(GrossDomestic Product)国民生产总值(GrossNational Product)消费者物价指数(Consumer PriceIndex)通货膨胀(Inflation)失业(Unemployment)菲利普斯曲线(Phillips Curve)经济增长(EconomicGrowth)经济周期(EconomicCycle)经济波动(Economic Fluctuation)经济危机(EconomicCrisis)经济衰退(EconomicRecession)经济萧条(EconomicDepression)经济恢复(EconomicRecovery)总需求(Total Demand)总供给(Total Supply)总需求总供给模型(Aggregate Demand andAggregate Supply Model)短期均衡(Short-runEquilibrium)长期均衡(Long-runEquilibrium)消费(Consumption)投资(Investment)政府支出(GovernmentSpending)净出口(Net Exports)国民收入恒等式(National IncomeIdentity)消费函数(Consumption Function)边际消费倾向(MarginalPropensity to Consume)投资函数(InvestmentFunction)边际效率投资(MarginalEfficiency ofInvestment)多重效应(MultiplierEffect)货币(Money)货币供应量(MoneySupply)货币需求量(Money Demand)货币市场平衡(MoneyMarket Equilibrium)利率(Rate ofInterest)货币政策(MonetaryPolicy)中央银行(Central Bank)开放市场操作(Open MarketOperations)存款准备金率(ReserveRequirement Ratio)贴现率(DiscountRate)财政政策(FiscalPolicy)政府预算(GovernmentBudget)财政赤字(Fiscal Deficit)公共债务(Public Debt)自动稳定器(AutomaticStabilizer)国际贸易(InternationalTrade)国际收支(Balance ofPayments)汇率(Exchange Rate)贸易政策(Trade Policy)汇率制度(ExchangeRate Regime)四、技术经济学术语术语术语术语术语技术经济学(Technical Economics)技术(Technology)技术创新(TechnologicalInnovation)技术进步(TechnologicalProgress)技术水平(TechnologicalLevel)技术选择(Technological Choice)技术评价(TechnologicalEvaluation)技术效益(TechnologicalBenefit)技术风险(TechnologicalRisk)技术转让(TechnologicalTransfer)技术方案(TechnicalScheme)技术参数(TechnicalParameter)技术指标(TechnicalIndicator)技术标准(TechnicalStandard)技术规范(TechnicalSpecification)工程项目(EngineeringProject)工程设计(EngineeringDesign)工程造价(EngineeringCost)工程投资(EngineeringInvestment)工程回收期(EngineeringPayback Period)工程效益分析(Engineering BenefitAnalysis)工程经济效益(Engineering EconomicBenefit)工程社会效益(Engineering SocialBenefit)工程环境效益(EngineeringEnvironmental Benefit)工程综合效益(EngineeringComprehensive Benefit)资金(Fund)资金需求(FundDemand)资金来源(FundSource)资金成本(Fund Cost)资金利润率(Fund ProfitRate)现金流量(Cash Flow)现金流量表(Cash FlowStatement)现金流量分析(CashFlow Analysis)现金流量折现(Discounted Cash Flow)现值净值(Net PresentValue)内部收益率(Internal Rate of Return)敏感性分析(SensitivityAnalysis)变动成本(MarginalCost)变动收益(MarginalRevenue)边际分析(MarginalAnalysis)五、管理信息系统术语术语术语术语术语管理信息系统(Management Information System)信息系统(InformationSystem)信息技术(InformationTechnology)信息资源管理(InformationResource Management)信息系统规划(Information SystemPlanning)信息需求分析(Information Requirement Analysis)信息系统设计(Information SystemDesign)信息系统开发(Information SystemDevelopment)信息系统实施(InformationSystem Implementation)信息系统维护(Information SystemMaintenance)数据(Data)数据库(Database)数据库管理系统(DatabaseManagement System)数据模型(Data Model)数据字典(DataDictionary)数据仓库(Data Warehouse)数据挖掘(DataMining)数据分析(DataAnalysis)数据可视化(DataVisualization)数据安全(Data Security)网络(Network)计算机网络(Computer Network)网络拓扑(NetworkTopology)网络协议(NetworkProtocol)网络架构(NetworkArchitecture)局域网(Local AreaNetwork)广域网(Wide AreaNetwork)因特网(Internet)互联网(Internet of Things)网络安全(NetworkSecurity)系统(System)计算机系统(Computer System)操作系统(OperationSystem)系统分析(SystemAnalysis)系统设计(SystemDesign)软件(Software)软件工程(SoftwareEngineering)软件生命周期(SoftwareLife Cycle)软件开发方法(SoftwareDevelopment Method)软件质量(SoftwareQuality)硬件(Hardware)计算机硬件(ComputerHardware)输入设备(Input Device)输出设备(Output Device)存储设备(StorageDevice)处理器(Processor)内存(Memory)总线(Bus)接口(Interface)外设(Peripheral)人工智能(Artificial Intelligence)机器学习(MachineLearning)深度学习(DeepLearning)神经网络(Neural Network)自然语言处理(NaturalLanguage Processing)专家系统(Expert System)智能代理(IntelligentAgent)模糊逻辑(Fuzzy Logic)遗传算法(GeneticAlgorithm)人工神经网络(ArtificialNeural Network)电子商务(E-commerce)电子商务模式(E-commerce Model)电子商务平台(E-commerce Platform)电子支付(ElectronicPayment)电子商务安全(E-commerce Security)电子政务(E-government)电子政务模式(E-government Model)电子政务平台(E-government Platform)电子政务服务(E-government Service)电子政务安全(E-government Security)知识管理(Knowledge Management)知识(Knowledge)知识类型(KnowledgeType)知识获取(KnowledgeAcquisition)知识表示(KnowledgeRepresentation)知识组织(Knowledge Organization)知识共享(KnowledgeSharing)知识创新(KnowledgeInnovation)知识库(Knowledge Base)知识系统(KnowledgeSystem)六、统计学术语术语术语术语术语统计学(Statistics)统计方法(StatisticalMethod)统计推断(StatisticalInference)统计分析(StatisticalAnalysis)统计软件(StatisticalSoftware)数据(Data)数据类型(Data Type)数据来源(Data Source)数据收集(DataCollection)数据清洗(Data Cleaning)数据描述(Data Description)数据展示(DataPresentation)数据摘要(DataSummary)数据分布(DataDistribution)数据变换(DataTransformation)变量(Variable)变量类型(Variable Type)自变量(IndependentVariable)因变量(DependentVariable)控制变量(Control Variable)单变量分析(UnivariateAnalysis)双变量分析(BivariateAnalysis)多变量分析(MultivariateAnalysis)相关分析(CorrelationAnalysis)回归分析(RegressionAnalysis)随机变量(RandomVariable)概率(Probability)概率分布(ProbabilityDistribution)期望值(ExpectedValue)方差(Variance)标准差(StandardDeviation)均值(Mean)中位数(Median)众数(Mode)四分位数(Quartile)极差(Range)变异系数(Coefficient ofVariation)偏度(Skewness)峰度(Kurtosis)正态分布(NormalDistribution)抽样(Sampling)抽样方法(SamplingMethod)抽样误差(SamplingError)抽样分布(SamplingDistribution)中心极限定理(Central LimitTheorem)点估计(Point Estimation)区间估计(IntervalEstimation)置信区间(ConfidenceInterval)置信水平(ConfidenceLevel)标准误差(Standard Error)假设检验(HypothesisTesting)原假设(Null Hypothesis)备择假设(AlternativeHypothesis)显著性水平(Significance Level)拒绝域(Rejection Region)检验统计量(Test Statistic)P值(P-value)类型一错误(Type IError)类型二错误(Type IIError)功效(Power)参数检验(ParametricTest)非参数检验(Nonparametric Test)单样本检验(One-sample Test)双样本检验(Two-sample Test)配对样本检验(Paired-sample Test)Z检验(Z-test)T检验(T-test)F检验(F-test)卡方检验(Chi-squareTest)方差分析(Analysis ofVariance)七、会计学术语术语术语术语术语会计学(Accounting)会计对象(AccountingObject)会计要素(AccountingElement)会计科目(Accounting Subject)会计方程(AccountingEquation)会计核算(Accounting Calculation)会计原则(AccountingPrinciple)会计假设(AccountingAssumption)会计政策(Accounting Policy)会计准则(AccountingStandard)会计期间(AccountingPeriod)会计年度(AccountingYear)会计报告期(AccountingReporting Period)会计循环(Accounting Cycle)会计业务(AccountingBusiness)记账(Bookkeeping)记账方法(BookkeepingMethod)记账凭证(BookkeepingVoucher)记账账簿(Bookkeeping Book)记账账户(BookkeepingAccount)记账分录(Bookkeeping Entry)借贷记账法(Double-entryBookkeeping Method)借方(Debit Side)贷方(Credit Side)借贷平衡(Balance of Debitand Credit)会计报表(Accounting Statement)资产负债表(BalanceSheet)利润表(IncomeStatement)现金流量表(CashFlow Statement)所有者权益变动表(Statementof Changes in Owner'sEquity)会计科学(AccountingScience)会计理论(AccountingTheory)会计方法(AccountingMethod)会计技术(AccountingTechnique)会计创新(AccountingInnovation)财务会计(Financial Accounting)管理会计(ManagementAccounting)成本会计(CostAccounting)审计会计(AuditingAccounting)税务会计(Tax Accounting)资产(Asset)负债(Liability)所有者权益(Owner'sEquity)收入(Income)费用(Expense)收益(Revenue)损失(Loss)利润(Profit)毛利(Gross Profit)净利(Net Profit)存货(Inventory)应收账款(AccountsReceivable)预付账款(PrepaidExpenses)固定资产(FixedAssets)无形资产(Intangible Assets)应付账款(AccountsPayable)预收账款(UnearnedRevenue)长期负债(Long-termLiabilities)资本(Capital)留存收益(Retained Earnings)折旧(Depreciation)摊销(Amortization)减值(Impairment)计提(Accrual)结转(Carryover)对冲(Hedging)杠杆(Leverage)财务比率(FinancialRatio)资本结构(CapitalStructure)资本预算(Capital Budgeting)八、中级会计实务术语术语术语术语术语会计 (Accounting)资产 (Asset)负债 (Liability)所有者权益 (Owner'sEquity)收入 (Revenue)费用 (Expense)损益 (Profit or Loss)现金流量 (Cash Flow)资产负债表 (BalanceSheet)利润表 (IncomeStatement)现金流量表 (Cash FlowStatement)所有者权益变动表(Statement of Changesin Owner's Equity)附注 (Notes)记账凭证 (Voucher)记账方法 (AccountingMethod)原始凭证 (Original Document)记账分录 (Journal Entry)总分类账 (GeneralLedger)明细分类账 (SubsidiaryLedger)总账科目 (GeneralAccount)明细科目 (SubsidiaryAccount)借方 (Debit)贷方 (Credit)借贷平衡原则 (Double-entry Principle)记账方向 (AccountingDirection)试算平衡表 (Trial Balance)调整分录 (AdjustingEntry)调整后试算平衡表(Adjusted TrialBalance)结转分录 (ClosingEntry)结转后试算平衡表(Post-closing TrialBalance)存货制度 (InventorySystem)存货核算方法 (InventoryAccounting Method)先进先出法 (FIFOMethod)后进先出法 (LIFOMethod)加权平均法 (WeightedAverage Method)科学成本法(Specific Identification Method)存货跌价准备(Allowance forInventory Decline)存货盘点(InventoryCounting)存货盈亏(InventoryProfit or Loss)固定资产(FixedAsset)折旧(Depreciation)折旧方法(DepreciationMethod)直线法(Straight-lineMethod)双倍余额递减法(Double-decliningBalance Method)年数总和法(Sum-of-the-years'-digitsMethod)残值(Residual Value)折旧年限(Useful Life)净残值率(SalvageRate)固定资产清理(Disposal of FixedAsset)无形资产(IntangibleAsset)商誉(Goodwill)知识产权(IntellectualProperty)专利权(Patent)商标权(Trademark)著作权(Copyright)长期股权投资(Long-term Equity Investment)成本法(Cost Method)权益法(EquityMethod)投资收益(InvestmentIncome)投资性房地产(InvestmentProperty)资产减值(Asset Impairment)减值损失(ImpairmentLoss)可回收金额(RecoverableAmount)可变现净值(NetRealizable Value)使用价值(Value inUse)金融资产(FinancialAsset)金融负债(FinancialLiability)公允价值(FairValue)利息收入(InterestIncome)利息支出(InterestExpense)汇兑收益(ExchangeGain)汇兑损失(ExchangeLoss)应收账款(AccountsReceivable)坏账损失(Bad DebtLoss)坏账准备(Allowancefor Bad Debt)应付账款(Accounts Payable)预收账款(UnearnedRevenue)预付账款(PrepaidExpense)应计收入(AccruedRevenue)应计费用(AccruedExpense)职工薪酬(Employee Compensation)工资与奖金(Wages andBonuses)社会保险费用(SocialInsurance Expense)住房公积金费用(Housing ProvidentFund Expense)职工福利费用(Employee WelfareExpense)借款费用 (BorrowingCost)资本化 (Capitalization)资本化利率(Capitalization Rate)资本化期间(Capitalization Period)资本化暂停(CapitalizationSuspension)现金等价物 (Cash Equivalent)现金流量表附表(Supplemental Scheduleof Cash Flow Statement)经营活动现金流量(Cash Flow fromOperating Activities)投资活动现金流量(Cash Flow fromInvesting Activities)筹资活动现金流量(Cash Flow fromFinancing Activities)直接法 (Direct Method)间接法 (Indirect Method)现金流量净额 (NetCash Flow)现金流量增减表(Statement of Changesin Cash Flow)现金流量比率 (CashFlow Ratio)利润表 (Income Statement)收入确认原则 (RevenueRecognition Principle)营业收入 (OperatingRevenue)营业成本 (OperatingCost)营业税金及附加(Business Tax andSurcharges)销售费用 (Selling Expense)管理费用 (AdministrativeExpense)财务费用 (FinancialExpense)营业利润 (OperatingProfit)营业外收入 (Non-operating Income)营业外支出 (Non-operating Expense)利润总额 (Total Profit)所得税费用 (IncomeTax Expense)净利润 (Net Profit)每股收益 (EarningsPer Share)所有者权益变动表(Statement of Changes in Owner's Equity)股本 (Capital Stock)资本公积 (CapitalReserve)盈余公积 (SurplusReserve)未分配利润 (RetainedEarnings)九、财务管理术语术语术语术语术语财务管理 (Financial Management)财务目标 (FinancialObjective)财务决策 (FinancialDecision)财务计划 (FinancialPlan)财务控制 (FinancialControl)资金 (Fund)资金需求 (FundDemand)资金供给 (FundSupply)资金流动 (Fund Flow)资金结构 (FundStructure)资本 (Capital)资本成本 (CapitalCost)资本结构 (CapitalStructure)资本预算 (CapitalBudget)资本收益率 (CapitalReturn Rate)投资 (Investment)投资项目 (InvestmentProject)投资评价 (InvestmentEvaluation)投资回收期 (PaybackPeriod)净现值 (Net PresentValue)内部收益率 (Internal Rate of Return)敏感性分析 (SensitivityAnalysis)风险分析 (RiskAnalysis)投资组合理论 (PortfolioTheory)资本资产定价模型(Capital Asset PricingModel)现金管理 (Cash Management)现金预测 (CashForecasting)现金流量预算表 (CashBudget)现金流量周期 (CashCycle)现金余额 (Cash Balance)应收账款管理 (AccountsReceivableManagement)应收账款周转率(Accounts ReceivableTurnover Ratio)坏账率 (Bad DebtRatio)应收账款账龄分析法(Aging Method ofAccounts Receivable)应收账款折现法(Discount Method ofAccounts Receivable)存货管理(Inventory Management)存货周转率(InventoryTurnover Ratio)经济订货量(Economic OrderQuantity)安全存量(SafetyStock)订货点(Reorder Point)短期融资(Short-term Financing)银行贷款(BankLoan)商业票据(CommercialPaper)应付账款融资(Accounts PayableFinancing)保兑仓融资(WarehouseReceipt Financing)长期融资(Long-term Financing)债券(Bond)债券价格(BondPrice)债券收益率(BondYield)债券评级(BondRating)股票(Stock)股票价格(StockPrice)股票收益率(StockReturn Rate)股息政策(DividendPolicy)股权融资(EquityFinancing)杠杆效应(LeverageEffect)操作杠杆系数(Operating LeverageCoefficient)财务杠杆系数(Financial LeverageCoefficient)综合杠杆系数(Combined LeverageCoefficient)杠杆调整原则(LeverageAdjustment Principle)十、运筹学术语术语术语术语术语运筹学 (Operations Research)决策 (Decision)决策变量 (DecisionVariable)目标函数 (ObjectiveFunction)约束条件 (Constraint)线性规划 (Linear Programming)图形法 (GraphicalMethod)单纯形法 (SimplexMethod)对偶理论 (DualityTheory)敏感性分析 (SensitivityAnalysis)整数规划 (Integer Programming)分支定界法 (Branch andBound Method)割平面法 (CuttingPlane Method)隐枚举法 (ImplicitEnumeration Method)0-1规划 (0-1Programming)非线性规划 (Nonlinear Programming)拉格朗日乘子法(Lagrange MultiplierMethod)KKT条件 (KKTCondition)梯度法 (GradientMethod)牛顿法 (Newton Method)动态规划 (Dynamic Programming)阶段 (Stage)状态 (State)决策 (Decision)最优值函数 (OptimalValue Function)贝尔曼方程 (BellmanEquation)网络优化 (NetworkOptimization)关键路径法 (CriticalPath Method)最短路问题 (ShortestPath Problem)最小生成树问题(Minimum Spanning TreeProblem)最大流问题 (Maximum Flow Problem)最小费用流问题(Minimum Cost FlowProblem)匹配问题 (MatchingProblem)背包问题 (KnapsackProblem)指派问题 (AssignmentProblem)非线性整数规划(Nonlinear Integer Programming)分数规划(FractionalProgramming)凸规划(ConvexProgramming)目标规划(GoalProgramming)多目标规划(Multi-objective Programming)随机规划(Stochastic Programming)鲁棒优化(RobustOptimization)参数规划(ParametricProgramming)可行方向法(FeasibleDirection Method)序列二次规划(Sequential QuadraticProgramming)队列论(QueueingTheory)到达过程(ArrivalProcess)服务过程(ServiceProcess)排队系统(QueueingSystem)排队模型(QueueingModel)M/M/1模型(M/M/1Model)M/M/c模型(M/M/cModel)M/G/1模型(M/G/1Model)G/M/1模型(G/M/1Model)排队长度(QueueLength)平均排队时间(Average Queueing Time)平均服务时间(AverageService Time)到达率(ArrivalRate)服务率(ServiceRate)利用率(UtilizationRate)十一、市场营销术语术语术语术语术语市场营销 (Marketing)市场营销管理(MarketingManagement)市场营销环境(MarketingEnvironment)市场营销计划(Marketing Plan)市场营销组合 (MarketingMix)市场 (Market)市场需求 (MarketDemand)市场细分 (MarketSegmentation)市场定位 (MarketPositioning)市场目标 (MarketTargeting)消费者行为 (ConsumerBehavior)消费者需求 (ConsumerNeed)消费者动机 (ConsumerMotivation)消费者态度(Consumer Attitude)消费者满意度 (ConsumerSatisfaction)产品 (Product)产品生命周期 (ProductLife Cycle)产品创新 (ProductInnovation)产品差异化 (ProductDifferentiation)产品定价 (Product Pricing)价格 (Price)价格策略 (PricingStrategy)价格弹性 (PriceElasticity)价格歧视 (PriceDiscrimination)价格竞争 (PriceCompetition)促销 (Promotion)促销策略 (PromotionStrategy)促销组合 (PromotionMix)广告 (Advertising)公关 (Public Relations)销售促进(Sales Promotion)个人销售(PersonalSelling)直接营销(DirectMarketing)网络营销(InternetMarketing)社会媒体营销(SocialMedia Marketing)分销(Distribution)分销渠道(DistributionChannel)分销策略(DistributionStrategy)物流(Logistics)运输(Transportation)库存管理(Inventory Management)订货量(OrderQuantity)经济批量(EconomicBatch Quantity)订货点(ReorderPoint)安全库存(Safety Stock)市场调研(Market Research)调研目的(ResearchObjective)调研方法(ResearchMethod)调研设计(ResearchDesign)调研样本(ResearchSample)数据收集(Data Collection)数据分析(DataAnalysis)数据呈现(DataPresentation)调研报告(ResearchReport)调研误差(ResearchError)十二、经济法术语术语术语术语术语经济法 (Economic Law)经济活动 (EconomicActivity)经济主体 (EconomicSubject)经济权利 (EconomicRight)经济责任 (EconomicResponsibility)经济法律关系 (Economic Legal Relationship)经济合同 (EconomicContract)经济纠纷 (EconomicDispute)经济诉讼 (EconomicLitigation)经济仲裁 (EconomicArbitration)民商事法律体系 (Civiland Commercial LegalSystem)民法典 (Civil Code)商法典 (CommercialCode)合同法 (Contract Law)物权法 (Property Law)侵权责任法 (Tort LiabilityLaw)民事诉讼法 (CivilProcedure Law)商事诉讼法(CommercialProcedure Law)仲裁法 (Arbitration Law)消费者权益保护法(Consumer Rights andInterests Protection Law)公司法(CompanyLaw)合伙企业法(PartnershipEnterprise Law)独资企业法(SoleProprietorshipEnterprise Law)外商投资企业法(Foreign InvestmentEnterprise Law)公司治理(CorporateGovernance)股东(Shareholder)董事会(Board ofDirectors)监事会(Board ofSupervisors)高级管理人员(SeniorManagement)股东大会(Shareholders'Meeting)股份(Share)股权(StockRight)股票(Stock)股本(Capital Stock)股利(Dividend)债券(Bond)债权(Debt Right)债务(Debt)债务人(Debtor)债权人(Creditor)破产(Bankruptcy)破产程序(BankruptcyProcedure)破产申请(BankruptcyApplication)破产管理人(BankruptcyAdministrator)破产债权人会议(Bankruptcy Creditors'Meeting)十三、现代公司制概论术语术语术语术语术语现代公司制 (Modern Corporation System)公司 (Company)公司法人 (CorporateLegal Person)公司治理 (CorporateGovernance)公司社会责任 (CorporateSocial Responsibility)股份有限公司 (Joint-stock Company)有限责任公司 (LimitedLiability Company)股东 (Shareholder)股份 (Share)股权 (Stock Right)董事会 (Board of Directors)监事会 (Board ofSupervisors)高级管理人员 (SeniorManagement)股东大会(Shareholders'Meeting)公司章程 (Articles ofAssociation)注册资本 (RegisteredCapital)实收资本 (Paid-inCapital)资本公积 (CapitalReserve)盈余公积 (SurplusReserve)未分配利润 (RetainedEarnings)股利 (Dividend)股息率 (DividendRate)现金分红 (CashDividend)股票分红 (StockDividend)分红政策 (Dividend Policy)上市公司(Listed Company)发行股票(IssueStock)募集资金(RaiseFunds)首次公开募股(InitialPublic Offering)再融资(Refinancing)股票市场(Stock Market)证券交易所(StockExchange)证券监管机构(SecuritiesRegulatory Authority)证券法(SecuritiesLaw)证券合同(SecuritiesContract)股票价格(StockPrice)股票指数(StockIndex)市盈率(Price-earningsRatio)市净率(Price-bookRatio)市场效率(MarketEfficiency)投资者保护(Investor Protection)信息披露(InformationDisclosure)内幕交易(InsiderTrading)操纵市场(MarketManipulation)证券欺诈(SecuritiesFraud)十四、经营管理术语术语术语术语术语经营管理 (Business Management)经营目标 (BusinessObjective)经营策略 (BusinessStrategy)经营模式 (BusinessModel)经营效率 (BusinessEfficiency)经营效果 (Business Effectiveness)经营创新 (BusinessInnovation)经营风险 (BusinessRisk)经营伦理 (BusinessEthics)经营文化 (BusinessCulture)组织 (Organization)组织结构(OrganizationalStructure)组织设计(OrganizationalDesign)组织变革 (OrganizationalChange)组织发展 (OrganizationalDevelopment)协调 (Coordination)协调机制 (CoordinationMechanism)协调原则(Coordination协调方法 (CoordinationMethod)协调技巧 (CoordinationSkill)Principle)控制 (Control)控制系统 (ControlSystem)控制过程 (ControlProcess)控制标准 (ControlStandard)控制反馈 (ControlFeedback)激励(Motivation)激励理论(MotivationTheory)激励因素(MotivationFactor)激励方法(MotivationMethod)激励机制(MotivationMechanism)资源(Resource)物质资源(MaterialResource)人力资源(HumanResource)财务资源(FinancialResource)信息资源(InformationResource)活动(Activity)生产活动(ProductionActivity)销售活动(SalesActivity)采购活动(PurchasingActivity)研发活动(Research andDevelopment Activity)目标(Objective)目标管理(ObjectiveManagement)目标设定(ObjectiveSetting)目标分解(ObjectiveDecomposition)目标评价(ObjectiveEvaluation)十五、公司金融术语术语术语术语术语公司金融 (CorporateFinance)投资决策 (InvestmentDecision)融资决策 (FinancingDecision)分红决策 (DividendDecision)资本结构 (CapitalStructure)资本成本 (CapitalCost)资本预算 (Capital Budget)现金流量 (Cash Flow)净现值 (Net PresentValue)内部收益率 (InternalRate of Return)敏感性分析(Sensitivity Analysis)风险分析 (Risk Analysis)投资组合理论 (PortfolioTheory)资本资产定价模型(Capital Asset PricingModel)证券市场线 (SecurityMarket Line)贝塔系数(Beta Coefficient)无风险利率(Risk-freeRate)市场风险溢价(MarketRisk Premium)资本市场线(CapitalMarket Line)有效边界(EfficientFrontier)杠杆效应(LeverageEffect)操作杠杆系数(OperatingLeverage Coefficient)财务杠杆系数(Financial LeverageCoefficient)综合杠杆系数(Combined LeverageCoefficient)杠杆调整原则(Leverage AdjustmentPrinciple)股权融资(Equity Financing)债务融资(DebtFinancing)权益融资(Quasi-equity Financing)混合融资(HybridFinancing)转换债券(ConvertibleBond)可赎回债券(Redeemable Bond)可交换债券(Exchangeable Bond)优先股(PreferredStock)可转换优先股(Convertible PreferredStock)权证(Warrant)十六、人力资源管理术语术语术语术语术语人力资源管理 (Human Resource Management)人力资源规划 (HumanResource Planning)人力资源分析 (HumanResource Analysis)人力资源需求 (HumanResource Demand)人力资源供给 (HumanResource Supply)招聘 (Recruitment)招聘渠道 (RecruitmentChannel)招聘广告 (RecruitmentAdvertisement)招聘成本 (RecruitmentCost)招聘效果 (RecruitmentEffectiveness)选拔 (Selection)选拔方法 (SelectionMethod)选拔标准 (SelectionCriterion)选拔工具 (SelectionTool)选拔过程 (SelectionProcess)培训 (Training)培训需求分析 (TrainingNeeds Analysis)培训目标 (TrainingObjective)培训内容 (TrainingContent)培训方法 (TrainingMethod)培训评估(Training Evaluation)培训效果(TrainingEffectiveness)培训反馈(TrainingFeedback)培训转移(TrainingTransfer)培训成本(TrainingCost)术语术语术语术语术语评估(Performance Appraisal)评估目的(PerformanceAppraisal Purpose)评估标准(PerformanceAppraisal Criterion)评估方法(PerformanceAppraisal Method)评估结果(PerformanceAppraisal Result)激励(Motivation)激励理论(MotivationTheory)激励因素(MotivationFactor)激励方法(MotivationMethod)激励机制(MotivationMechanism)薪酬(Compensation)薪酬结构(CompensationStructure)薪酬水平(CompensationLevel)薪酬调整(CompensationAdjustment)薪酬管理(CompensationManagement)十七、企业战略管理术语术语术语术语术语企业战略管理(Corporate Strategy Management)战略 (Strategy)战略管理过程(Strategy ManagementProcess)战略分析 (StrategyAnalysis)战略制定 (StrategyFormulation)战略实施 (Strategy Implementation)战略评估 (StrategyEvaluation)战略控制 (StrategyControl)战略调整 (StrategyAdjustment)战略创新 (StrategyInnovation)环境分析(Environmental Analysis)宏观环境分析 (Macro-environmentalAnalysis)行业环境分析 (IndustryEnvironmentalAnalysis)微观环境分析 (Micro-environmental Analysis)PEST分析法(PESTAnalysis Method)波特五力模型(Porter's Five Forces Model)SWOT分析法(SWOT AnalysisMethod)VRIO分析法(VRIOAnalysis Method)价值链分析法(ValueChain Analysis Method)核心竞争力分析法(Core CompetenceAnalysis Method)目标管理(Objective Management)SMART原则(SMART Principle)平衡计分卡(BalancedScorecard)关键绩效指标(KeyPerformance Indicator)目标层次结构(ObjectiveHierarchy)战略选择(StrategyChoice)战略类型(StrategyType)成本领先战略(CostLeadership Strategy)差异化战略(DifferentiationStrategy)聚焦战略(FocusStrategy)集团化战略(Diversification Strategy)垂直一体化战略(Vertical IntegrationStrategy)水平一体化战略(HorizontalIntegration Strategy)国际化战略(InternationalizationStrategy)蓝海战略(Blue OceanStrategy)。
金融名词解释大全

金融名词解释大全1. 股票(Stocks)股票是公司向公众发行的所有权份额,每股代表对公司一定比例的所有权。
股票可以在证券交易市场上交易,投资者可通过购买股票成为公司的股东,并分享公司的利润和增值。
2. 债券(Bonds)债券是借款人向投资者发行的一种债务工具,代表借款人的债务承诺。
债券投资者向发行人提供资金,债券到期时,发行人以面值偿还本金,并支付利息作为回报。
3. 利率(Interest Rate)利率是指金融交易中借款者支付给贷款人的费用,即贷款利息的百分比。
利率通常反映了借款的成本与风险。
4. 黄金(Gold)黄金是一种贵重金属,被广泛用于投资和金融交易中。
其价值通常受供求关系、经济形势和市场情绪等因素影响。
5. 外汇(Foreign Exchange)外汇是指不同国家的货币进行兑换的过程,也是进行国际贸易和金融交易的基础。
外汇市场是全球最大、最活跃的金融市场之一。
6. 期货(Futures)期货是指以标准化合约形式约定按特定价格在未来某一日期交割的金融产品。
期货合约通常包括商品、股指或货币对等。
7. 期权(Options)期权是购买或出售一种资产的权利,但并不要求买方实施该权利。
期权合约由买方获得了在未来特定日期或之前执行交易的选择权。
8. 融资(Financing)融资是指获取资金的过程,企业或个人通过向金融机构借贷或发行债券来筹集资金,以满足业务或个人需求。
9. 风险投资(Venture Capital)风险投资是指投资者将资金投入于初创公司或具有高风险和高增长潜力的企业,在期待高回报的同时,承担创业失败的风险。
10. 金融衍生品(Financial Derivatives)金融衍生品是一种基于债券、股票、商品等资产的金融合约,其价值来自于基础资产的价格波动。
常见的金融衍生品包括期货、期权和掉期等。
11. 黑天鹅事件(Black Swan)黑天鹅事件是指罕见且难以预测的突发事件,对金融市场和全球经济产生重大影响。
英汉最新词汇对照

71. exhaustion of human resources: 人才枯竭
72. school ager: 学龄儿童
73. Duel Master’s Degree: 双硕士
74. in-service training: 在职培训
60. brain drain: 人才流失
61. cultural hegemony: 文化霸权主义
62. collaborative/cooperative learning: 协作学习
63. interdisciplinary curriculum: 跨科目的综合课程
78. 重点学科:key disciplinary areas
79. 师资力量:the quality of teaching staff
80. 高等学历证书:academic certificate for higher education
81. 尊师重教:to respect teachers and attach great importance to education
110. cheek by jowl: 并肩地,紧密地
111. more synergy and greater cohesion: 更多的协同优势和凝聚力
112. capacity-building: 能力建设
113. universally-endorsed: 广泛认同的
75. academic plagiarism: 学术剽窃
76. 教育部:the Ministry of Education
77. 各级教育管理部门:Educational Administrations at various levels of the
经济学原理经济周期与经济波动

引言
• 经济周期与经济波动这两个词描述的都是经济总 量起伏变化的现象。前者对应的英文是Business Cycle(或Economic Cycle),后者对应的是 Business Fluctuation(或economic Fluctuation)。
• “周期”一词更容易让我们联想到“机械波”、
GDP增长率
图9-2:我国城镇登记失业率与我国名义GDP增长率 (本图对原数据进行了标准化处理 )
9.1对经济周期的描述
4 3 2 1 0 -11990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 -2 -3
图9-3:我国通货膨胀率与我国名义GDP增长率 (两组数据都经过了标准化处理)
9.2.1古典经济学的危机理论
(3)马克思的“经济危机理论”。
资本主义经济危机的根源在于资本主义生产 方式的内在矛盾,也就是恩格斯在《反杜林论》 中更为具体提出的,生产的社会性和生产资料的 资本主义占有形式之间的矛盾。
9.2.1古典经济学的危机理论
(3)马克思的“经济危机理论”。
生产的社会性导致了生产力的巨大发展,但 是巨大的生产力所生产出来的大量商品只是属于 少数占有大量生产资料的资本家。如果这些商品 不能顺利卖出去,资本家就不能获取剩余价值, 再生产活动就会受阻。于是发生了生产的社会化 和生产资料资本主义占有形式之间的矛盾,这一 矛盾成为资本主义经济危机的根源。
9.2.1古典经济学的危机理论
(3)马克思的“经济危机理论”。
马克思认为,经济危机是特定生产方式下所 产生的历史现象。在直接的物物交换中,经济危 机不会发生,只有当货币进入商品流通领域后经 济危机才具有了可能。但这种可能性在简单的商 品流通中还无法转变为现实,而只有在资本主义 商品经济条件下,危机才能从可能转变为现实。
社会政治与经济常用词汇

社会政治与经济常用词汇社会政治与经济类英语热点词汇Earning 收益,收入,工资accumulated earnings 积累收益annual earnings 年收益earning assets 盈利资产earning capacity 盈利能力earning of capital 资本收益earnings after tax 税后收益earnings before interest and income tax (EBIT) 税前收益earnings per share (EPS) 每股平均收益earnings rate 收益率earnings ratio 收益率earnings target 收益目标gross earnings 毛利,毛收益real earnings 实际收益retained earnings 留存收益Economic 经济的economic analysis 经济分析economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体economic forecast 经济预测economic foundation 经济基础economic growth rate 经济增长率economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序economic policy 经济政策economic potential 经济潜力economic prospect 经济展望economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制,经济制度economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学economics of scale 规模经济学Economy 经济closed economy 闭关自守经济commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段economies of scale 规模经济market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济planned economy 计划经济Effective 有效的,实际的effective exchange rate 实际汇率effective liability 实际负债Efficiency 效率,有效性efficiency in operation 经营效率Efficient 高效率的,有效的efficient market 有效市场efficient portfolio 高效率投资Eligible 合格的,合法的eligible bidders 合格的投标商eligible products 合格产品Emergency loan 紧急贷款Emerging 新兴的emerging industry 新兴产业emerging market economy 新兴市场经济emerging nation 新兴国家Employee 职员,雇员employee benefits 职工福利employee pensions 职工养老金employee retirement fund 职工退休基金employee stock ownership plan 职工持股计划employee’s association 职工联合会employee’s insurance fund 职工保险基金employees’representative 职工代表employee’s rights 职工权力Employer 雇主employer’s association 雇主联合会Employment 就业,职业employment agency 职业介绍所employment application 就此申请employment certificate 就业证明employment contract 就业合同employment opportunities 就业机会full employment 充分就业Encourage 鼓励encourage investment 鼓励投资Endowment 养老金,捐赠endowment insurance 养老保险Energy 能源energy crisis 能源危机Enforcement 强制执行enforcement measure 强制措施Engineer 工程师Engineering 工程Enhance 加强,提高Enlarge 扩大enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Entrepreneur 企业家Enterpreneurial 企业家的enterpreneurial courage 企业家的胆略enterpreneurial spirit 企业家精神Enterprise 企业backbone enterprise 骨干企业central enterprises 中央企业collectively-owned enterprises 集体企业combined enterprise 联合企业enterprise accounting 企业会计enterprise development fund 企业发展基金enterprise law 企业法enterprises’management mechanisms 企业管理机制foreign-funded enterprises 外资企业large and medium-size enterprises 大中型企业local enterprises 地方企业modern enterprise system 现代企业制度money-lossing enterprises 亏损企业state-owned enterprises 国有企业township enterprises 乡镇企业Entertainment 娱乐,交际entertainment duty 筵席税,娱乐税Environment 环境environment protection 环境保护Equal 同等的,相同的equal employment opportunity 同等就业机会Equally competition 平等竟争Equipment 设备equipment leasing 设备租赁equipment trust bond 设备信托债券Equity 权益,股本,资产净值equity account 权益帐户equity capital 自有资本,股权资本equity capital transaction 产权资本转让equity capital turnover 产权资本周转率equity earnings 参股收益,股本盈利equity financing 产权筹资equity investment 股本投资equity market 权益市场equity ownership 资本所有权equity security 股票equity share 普通股票equity stock 股票,产权股票equity to assets ratio 权益对资产比率equity to debt ratio 权益对债务比率equity transaction 净值交易Establishment 建立establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Estate 不动产,房地产,财产,遗产estate tax 遗产税bankrupt’s estate 破产者财产Estimate 预算,估算estimate budget 概算Estimated 预计的,估计的estimated cost 估计成本estimated tax 估计税额Estimation 估计,鉴别European Currency Unit 欧洲货币单位European common market 欧洲共同市场European Monetary Unit 欧洲货币联盟Evaluation 估价,评价evaluation of performance 业绩评价evaluation principle 估价原则evaluation sheet 估价单Evaluator 评估员Even 公平的,偶数even bargain 公平交易even exchange 公平交换Evidence 证明,证据,证人evidence of title 所有权证明Examination 检查,审查examination of title 审查所有权Exceptional 例外的,特别的exceptional case 例外情况exceptional court 特别法院Excess 额外的,余额,超额excess profit 超额利润Excessive 过多的,过度的excessive growth 过度增长excessive inflation 过度通货膨胀excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力excessive profit 超额利润Exchange 交换,交易exchange control 外汇控制free exchange rate 自由汇率stock exchange regulation 股票交易规定Exclusive 独家的,专营的exclusive agency 独家代理exclusive sale 专营,包销Executive 执行的executive board 董事会executive committee 执行委员会Exempt 豁免,免除exempt from taxation 免税exempt income 免税收入Expected 预期的expected capacity 预计生产能力expected earning 预期收益expected profit 预期利润expected return 语期收益Expenditure 支出,费用expenditure on capital account 资本帐户支出gross domestic expenditure 国内支出总额Expense 支出,费用depreciation expenses 折旧费entertainment expenses 交际费,招待费expense budget 费用概算expenses of bankruptcy proceedings 破产手续费research and development expenses 研究开发费travel expenses 差旅费Export 出口,输出export of capital 资本输出export subsidy 出口补贴export tax 出口税Extensive 粗放的extensive management 粗放经营External 外部的external debt 外债Extra 额外的extra cost 额外成本extra profit 额外收入FFace 表面,票面face amount of bond 债券票面金额face interest rate 债券票面利率face value of share 股票票面价值Facility 设施,设备,服务机构facility charge 设备费facility cost 设备成本Factor 要素,因子factor analysis 因素分析factor of production 生产要素Factory 工厂factory overhead 工厂费用Fail 丧失支付能力,破产Failure 破产,倒闭,失败,无支付能力debtor’s failure 债务人破产Fair 交易会,公平的,合理的fair and reasonable price 公平合理价格fair dealing 公平交易fair market competition 公平市场竟争fair market value 公平市场价格fair rate of profit 公平利润率fair rate of return 公平收益率fair trade registration 公平交易法规fair valuation 合理估价fair-price shop 平价商店FallFallingFalse 假的false account 假帐false bill 假单据false tax 瞒税Family 家庭,家族family business 家族企业family company 家族公司family economy 家庭经济family farm 家庭农场Famous 有名的famous-brand products 名牌产品Farm 农场farm population 农业人口farm surplus 剩余农产品Farmer 农民,农场主Farming 农业Favorable 有利的,赞成的favorable interest rate 优惠利率favorable trade balance 贸易顺差Feasibility study 可行性研究Federal 联邦的Federal Agency 联邦政府机构Federal Fund Rate 美国联邦基金利率federal income tax 联邦所得税Federal Reserve Board 联邦储备局Federal Trade Commission 联邦贸易委员会FIFO (first in first out) 先进先出Final 最后的final account 决算帐户final date 截止日期final dividend 期末股息final settlement 决算Finance 财政,金融finance company 财务公司,金融公司Financer 金融家Financial 财政的,金融的,财务的all-purpose financial statement 通用财务报表certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表consolidated financial statement 合并财务报表Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计标准委员会financial advisor 财务顾问financial aid 财政补助financial budgeting 财务预算编制financial crisis 财政危机financial future 金融期货financial group 财团financial institution 金融机构financial lease 融资租赁financial leverage 财务杠杆financial market 金融市场financial position 财务状况financial statement 财务报表financial status 财务状况financial system 金融体系,金融制度financial year 财政年度non-bank financial instititions 非银行金融机构Financing 筹资,融资,提供资金bank financing 银行融资financing corporation 金融公司financing cost 融资成本financing mix’s risk and reward 融资组合的风险和回报Financially troubled company 财政遇到困难的公司Fire 解雇,火灾Firm 公司,企业,商号collective firm 合作企业private firm 非上市公司,私有企业state-owned firm 国有企业state-run firm 国有企业Fiscal 财务的,财政的fiacal burden 财政负担fiscal capital 金融资本fiscal fuction 财政功能fiscal measure 财政措施Fixed 固定的fixed assets accounting 固定资产核算fixed assets cost 固定资产成本fixed assets depreciation rate 固定资产折旧率fixed assets investment 固定资产投资fixed assets losses in suspense 待处理固定资产损失fixed assets ratio 固定资产比率fixed deposit 定期存款fixed exchange rate 固定汇率fixed mortgage 定期抵押,固定抵押fixed transfer price 固定转让价格investment in fixed assets 固定资产投资Flea market 跳蚤市场Flexible 弹性的,灵活的flexible budget 弹性预算flexible job system 弹性工作制度flexible working hours 弹性工作时间Floating 流动的floating assets 流动资产floating debt 短期债务,流动负债floating exchange rate 浮动汇率floating liability 流动负债floating rate of interest 浮动利率。
经济管理专业外语单词

一、political system reform 政治体制改革二、Economic system reform 经济体制改革3、Social system reform 社会体制改革4、Fiscal fixation system reform 财税体制改革五、The administrative system reform 行政体制改革六、The administrative and law enforcement system reform 行政执法体系改革7、The medical and health system reform 医疗卫生体制改革八、The cultural system reform 文化体制改革九、The judicial system reform 司法体制改革10、The science and technology system reform 科技体制改革1一、the ecology system reform 生态体制改革1二、the positive energy of reform 改革的正能量13、anti corruption uphold integrity 反腐倡廉14、economic responsibility audit 经济责任审计1五、economic pattern 经济模式1六、economic over heat 经济过热17、economic panic 经济恐慌1八、economic plunder 经济掠夺1九、economic protection 经济保护20、economic depression 经济萧条2一、economic slack 经济衰退2二、economic slide 经济滑坡23、economic resource 经济资源24、economic prediction 经济预测26、economic punishment 经济制裁27、economic report 经济报导2八、economic power 经济实力2九、economic potential power经济潜力30、economic pressure 经济压力3一、economic profit 经济利益3二、economic cooperation 经济合作33、economic competition 经济竞争34、economic crisis 经济危机3五、economic prosperity 经济繁荣3六、economic cost/invest 经济投资37、economic crime 经济犯法3八、economic court 经济法庭3九、economic cycle 经济周期40、economic data 经济数据4一、economic decision 经济决议4二、economic demand 经济需求43、economic discrimination 经济歧视44、economic diplomacy 经济外交4五、economic disharmony 经济失调4六、economic embargo 经济禁运47、economic expansion 经济膨胀4八、economic giant 经济巨人4九、economic structure 经济结构5一、the emerging market economic 新兴市场经济体5二、the developing economy 发展中的经济体53、the economy in transformation 转型中的经济体54、the high-income economy 高收入经济体5五、Economics of New structure 新机构经济学5六、the continuing innovation of technology 技术的不断创新57、the upgrade of industry 产业的不断升级5八、the constant improvement of the labour productivity 劳动生产力的不断提高5九、the late-mover advantages of economic growth 后发优势经济增加60、gradual double-track system 渐进的双轨制6一、shock treatment 休克疗法6二、the subsidy policy of special production 特殊产品补助政策63、comparative advantage 比较优势absolute advantage 绝对优势64、potential advantage 潜在优势6五、growth potential 增加潜力6六、comparative potential 相对潜力67、catching-up and overtaking strategy 赶超战略6八、developing creating strategy 发展和创新战略6九、human capital 人力资本7一、the total amount of foreign trade 对外贸易总量7二、the Asia-Pacific Regional Economic integration 亚太区域经济一体化73、the innovation and development of economic 经济创新发展the reform and growth of economic 经济的改革与增加全方面基础设施和互联互通建设hard connectivity 硬联接soft connectivity 软联接people to people connectivity 人与人联接APEC Business Travel Card APEC商务旅行卡7五、economic reformation 经济改革7六、new economic新经济77、economic of innovation 经济创新7八、tolerated support 包容性支持7九、urbanization 城镇化80、reasonable distribution of population 人口的合理散布8一、optimize the allocation of public resource 公共资源的优化配置8二、adjust the space layout of economic development 调整经济发展空间布局83、atmosphere controlling 大气治理84、decentralization of metropolis 去中心城市化8五、the Bohai Economic Circle 渤海经济圈8六、the Capital Economic Circle 首都经济圈87、regional development strategy 区域发展战略8八、sustaining economic growth and promoting employment 保经济增加,增进就业8九、AIIB- Asia infrastructure investment Bank 亚洲基础设施投资银行90、econometrics 计量经济学9一、economics of management 管理经济学9二、economics of agriculture 农业经济学93、economics of industry 工业经济学94、economics of commerce 商业经济学9六、economics of energy 能源经济学97、economics of environment 环境经济学9八、economics of human capital 人力资源经济学9九、economics of information 信息经济学100、economics of innovation /creation 创新经济学10一、economics of population 人口经济学10二、produce more but consume less 高产低耗103、advanced with the times 与时俱进104、all-round well-off society 全面小康社会10五、planned market economy 计划市场经济10六、free market economy 自由市场经济107、monopoly capital 垄断资本10八、financial market 金融市场10九、financial crisis 金融危机110、crisis of confidence of 信赖危机11一、crisis management 危机管理11二、financial incentive/stimulus 金融刺激113、4 trillion Yuan fiscal incentive 4万亿经济刺激计划114、inflation/expanding of currency 通胀11五、increase the domestic demand to pull up the economic growth 扩大内需拉动经济增加Bretons Wood System-fixed exchanging rate 布雷顿丛林体系11六、consumer economics 消费经济学117、consumer’s association 消费者协会11九、consumer Protection Act 消费者保护法120、consumer Bill of Right 消费者权益法12一、consumer price index(CPI)消费者物价指数12二、shopping confidence index 购物信心指数123、stabilize the real estate market and stock market 稳定房地产市场和股票市场124、optimization of the economics structure 经济结构优化12五、we are competitors,friends but not enemies 咱们既是竞争者又是朋友但不是做人12六、environment protection 环境保护127、reduction of exhausted and carbon dioxide emission 减少废气和二氧化碳排放12八、energy conservation,emission control and environment protection 节能减排环保12九、high growth,high pollution 高增加高污染130、resource saving enterprise 节能型企业13一、resource hungry country 资源匮乏国家13二、state environment protection standard 国家环保标准133、SEPA-State Environment Protection Agency 国家环保局134、SASAC-The State-owned Assets Supervision and administration Commission 国资委13五、NDRC-national development and reform commission 国际发改委NGO-non-government organization 非政府组织NPO-non-profit organization 非营利组织137、non-renewable resource 不可再生资源13八、pollution intensive goods 高污染产品13九、tariff barrier/wall 关税壁垒140、overall national power/strength 综合国力14一、per capital cultivated land 人都可耕地14二、real income per capital 人均实际收入/人都可支配收入143、facing new opportunities and challenges 面对新机缘和挑战144、a controversial issue 有争议的议题14五、the inevitable result of social development 社会发展不可避免的结果14六、the rapid development of economy 经济高速发展147、the advanced science and technology 先进的科学技术14八、(in)all aspects of human life 人们生活的方方面面14九、the increasingly fierce competition of 不断增加的激烈竞争150、we still have a long way to go 咱们还有很长的路要走。
术语表经济

第2单元 Unit 2重要术语Key termsAccelerator: 加速器:国民收支变化引发的新资本货物投资水平的变化。
加速器的规模取决于经济的资本产出比。
Aggregate demand: 总需求:经济体内实际产出产生的计划总支出。
Aggregate supply: 总供给:生产者准备以不同平均价格水平供应给市场的实际国民产出水平。
Balance of trade in goods: 货物贸易平衡:衡量货物进出口经常账户收支的一部分。
有时也称为“有形贸易平衡”。
Balance of trade in services: 服务贸易平衡:衡量服务进出口经常账户收支的一部分。
尽管这两个术语并不完全相同,有时称为“无形贸易的平衡”。
Balanced budget: 平衡预算:这是当政府支出等于政府收入(G=T)来实现的。
Bank Rate: 银行利率:利率,英国央行向商业银行贷款以增加其流动性的收费利率。
Budget deficit: 预算赤字:当政府支出超过政府收入(G>T)出现。
Budget surplus: 预算盈余:当政府支出低于政府收入(G<T)出现。
Capital-output ratio: 资本产出比:即公司目前产出与固定资本资产存量之间的比率。
Central bank: 央行:央行代表政府执行的货币政策。
Ceteris paribus: 其他条件不变:研究经济学的一部分时,使经济学中的所有其他因素保持不变。
这是微观经济学而不是一般宏观经济学中的一条重要假设。
Claimant count: 申请失业救济人数:根据申领失业有关福利的人数来衡量失业的方法。
Closed economy: 封闭型经济:无国际贸易的经济。
Commercial bank: 商业银行:如巴克莱银行等商业银行,目的是通过开展商业银行业务来赚取利润。
Consumption: 消费:家庭产生的经济实际支出的计划总支出。
经济周期

经济周期经济周期经济周期是指经济活动在一定时间内的波动过程。
在经济周期中,经济活动会经历起伏的阶段,包括繁荣、衰退、复苏和萧条等。
这些阶段交替出现,构成了经济的周期性波动。
经济周期具有一定的规律性和普遍性。
无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,都能够观察到经济周期的存在。
经济周期是经济的固有属性,是由经济活动的内在机制所决定的。
经济周期的起点通常是繁荣阶段。
在繁荣阶段,经济活动活跃,产出增长迅速,就业率高,通货膨胀压力较大。
随着经济的发展,市场需求和消费信心增加,投资和生产活动逐渐加强。
然而,过度繁荣可能导致经济不稳定,经济周期进入衰退阶段。
衰退阶段是经济周期的下行阶段。
在衰退阶段,经济活动减缓,产出增速放缓甚至下降,失业率上升,企业利润下滑,通货膨胀压力减轻。
衰退阶段往往伴随着企业倒闭、失业率上升、信贷紧缩等现象。
政府通常会采取财政和货币政策来刺激经济复苏。
经济周期的下一个阶段是复苏阶段。
在复苏阶段,经济活动逐渐恢复,产出增长加速,失业率开始下降,企业利润回升。
复苏阶段往往伴随着投资和消费的增加,市场信心的恢复以及金融条件的改善。
复苏阶段有助于恢复经济的正常运行。
经济周期的最后阶段是萧条阶段。
在萧条阶段,经济活动低迷,产出下降,失业率高企,企业利润极低。
萧条阶段通常是繁荣阶段的后果,经济周期的一种自我调节机制。
政府和央行可能会采取措施来刺激经济复苏,重新唤起市场信心。
经济周期的波动不仅对整个国家的经济运行产生影响,也对个人和企业产生重要影响。
在繁荣阶段,个人和企业通常会受益于经济增长和就业机会增加。
而在衰退和萧条阶段,个人和企业则面临着很大的挑战,包括失业风险、利润下滑等。
了解经济周期对于个人和企业来说是非常重要的。
在繁荣时期,个人和企业应该合理规划和管理自己的财务,避免盲目扩张。
在衰退和萧条时期,个人和企业应该谨慎决策,保护自身利益。
总之,经济周期是经济活动波动的固有属性。
繁荣、衰退、复苏和萧条交替出现,构成了经济的周期性波动。
中级微观宏观经济学名词解释简易版-概述说明以及解释

中级微观宏观经济学名词解释简易版-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容:微观宏观经济学是经济学的两个重要分支,它们分别从不同的视角和层面来研究经济现象和经济问题。
微观经济学主要关注个体经济单位(如消费者、生产者和企业)之间的行为和决策,以及这些行为对市场资源配置和价格形成的影响。
宏观经济学则更关注整个经济体的总体表现,研究经济的整体运行规律、宏观经济政策对经济增长和稳定的影响。
在微观经济学中,我们将研究消费者的行为和选择、企业的生产决策、市场供求关系、垄断与竞争、市场失灵等一系列相关问题。
了解微观经济学的基本原理和概念,可以帮助我们理解个体行为决策的驱动力和市场机制的运行规律。
通过微观经济学的研究,我们可以更好地分析市场现象,理解企业经营策略,并为个人和企业的决策提供基础。
而宏观经济学则更多关注整体经济的总体运行和经济政策的制定。
我们将研究宏观经济指标(如国内生产总值、通货膨胀率、失业率等),了解经济增长、通货膨胀、就业等宏观经济现象的变化规律。
同时,我们还将探讨宏观经济政策(如货币政策、财政政策等)对经济稳定和增长的影响。
微观宏观经济学相互关联,微观经济学的个体决策和市场机制的变化会影响宏观经济的整体表现,而宏观经济的总体状况又会反过来影响个体的决策。
因此,理解微观宏观经济学的原理和概念对我们理解和分析经济现象、制定个人和企业决策以及适应宏观经济政策变化都至关重要。
在接下来的文章中,我们将分别对微观经济学和宏观经济学的一些重要名词进行解释和介绍,帮助读者更好地理解和运用经济学的知识。
1.2文章结构文章结构部分的内容如下所示:1.2 文章结构本文主要介绍中级微观宏观经济学的名词解释,旨在帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些经济学术语。
文章主要包括以下几个部分:1. 引言:在本部分中,将对整篇文章进行一个简要的概述,包括文章的主要内容和结构安排,以引起读者的兴趣和注意。
2. 正文:本部分将分为两个小节,分别介绍微观经济学和宏观经济学的相关名词解释。
经济学英语词汇_3

1.环境保护类单词沙尘暴Sand/dust storms生态失衡Disruption of ecological balance温室效应Greenhouse effect全球变暖Global warming 淡水资源短缺Shortage of fresh water环保意识Environmental awareness生态系统Ecosystem2.市场类单词国有企业state-owned enterprise私人企业private enterprise垄断市场monopolize the market偷税漏税tax evasion跨国集团multinational corporation贸易制裁trade sanction贸易壁垒trade barriers中国加入WTO China's entry into WTO西部大开发Go-West Campaign乱摊派乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge全球经济一体化integration with the global economyeconomic/financial crisis 经济/金融危机embezzlement of public funds 挪用公款demand exceeds supply/be in short supply 供不应求purchasing power 购买力share-holding system 股份制企业shareholders 股东stock exchange 股票交易市场bonds 债券interest rate利率fixed assets investment 固定资产投资gross national product(GNP) 国民生产总值drain of state owned assets 国有资产流失state-owned enterprise 国有企业private enterprise 私人企业debt/liabilities 债务commission 佣金, 回扣monopolize the marke 垄断市场tax evasion 偷税漏税income tax of the individuals 个人所得税means of circulation 流通手段accounting-accountant 会计capital investment 资本投资capital regorganization 资产重组declare bankruptcy 宣布破产boycott foreign products 抵制外国产品revenue 财政收入expenditure 财务支出deficit 赤字net profit 净利润make profit 赢利boom/prosperity/thriving 繁荣declie/recession/depression 萎缩/衰退/萧条inflation 通货膨胀anti-dumping policy 反倾销政策budget 预算director of the board 董事长CEO(chief executive officer) 总裁franchise 特许经营chain store 连锁店logo 企业标志labor-intensive 劳动密集型mass production 大规模生产macroeconomics/microeconomics 微观/宏观经济学multinational corporation 跨国集团executive 管理/行政人员manufacturer 制造商quality control 质量管理after-sale service 售后服务trade sanction 贸易制裁trade barriers 贸易壁垒shortage of funds 资金短缺surplus 过剩merge r兼并deposit money 存款current account 活期帐户savings account 定期帐户clearance sale 清仓甩卖pay off debts 清偿债务integration with the global economy 全球经济一体化foundation 基金会China’s access to/entery into WTO 中国加入WTOwin the bid 中标registered trademark 注册商标franchised store 专卖店supplement a budget 追加预算overstock of finished productsECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续, 快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济, 多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着陆Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision and operation of State assets 建立国有资产管理, 监督和营运体系Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and responsibilities, separating ownership from daily management and adopting scientific management 产权清晰, 责权明确, 政企分开, 管理科学Regulation on the supervision and management of the state-owned enterprises 国有企业监督管理条例Laws and regulations on the administration of state-owned property 国有资产管理法律法规Operate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营, 自负盈亏, 自我发展,for its profits and losses, seek self-development and self-reliance 自我约束Uphold the principle of separating the functions of government from those of enterprises and alter the government’s role in economic management 坚持政企分开的原则, 转变政府经济管理职能Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the overall quality of the State sector of the economy 提高国有经济的总体素质Concentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise groups发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Reform, reorganization and upgrading 改革, 改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组, 联合, 兼并, 股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation and sell-off 租赁, 承包经营和出售Manage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible policy towards small ones 抓好大的, 放活小的Give small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序, 鼓励企业兼并,merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger or go bankrupt 允许亏损企业兼并或破产Dispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and management of enterprises切实加强企业经营管理Strengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extra budgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various channels 多渠道增资减债Strive to help enterprises eliminate losses and increase profits 抓好企业扭亏增盈Develop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the technology 通过挖潜改造Mechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating the inferior 优胜劣汰机制Enjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage in export independently 给更多的生产企业自营出口权Protect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release small enterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can be turned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibil ity for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY 企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司, 国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业, 合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司, 企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团, 综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司Public company 上市公司Private company 非上市公司Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行Investment bank 投资银行Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行Clearing bank 清算银行Credit union 信用社Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司Loan and trust company 信托公司Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购Reorganization 重组Association 联合Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Strategic acquisition 战略性收购Combination of enterprise 企业合并Concentric acquisition 集中收购Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation by merger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并Vertical acquisition 纵向收购Vertical merger 纵向兼并Vertical consolidation 纵向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购Horizontal combination 横向合并, 同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11 --- reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcy court 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcy court 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION 市场和竟争Commodity market 商品市场Securities market 证券市场Bond market 债券市场Stock market 股票市场Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场Capital market 资本市场Free market 自由市场Labour market 劳动力市场Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竟争Market development 市场开发Market forecast 市场预测Market potential 市场潜力Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Seller’s market 卖方市场Buyer’s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争Low-level competition 低水平竟争Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查, 市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额, 市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销, 市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道, 市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产Mortgage assets 抵押资产Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债Liability out of book 账外负债Long-term liability 长期负债Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’ equity 股东权益Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock 非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股Non-Participating preferred stock 非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Common stock equity 普通股权益Total equity 权益总额企业评价指标Assets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资产Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to SalesSales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin)Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return on Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity) 净资产收益率收益表 INCOME STATEMENT销售收入Sales Revenue减: 销售折扣与折让Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance销售收入净值Net Sales Revenue减: 销售税金Deduct: Tax on Sales销售成本Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales减: 管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses财务费用Financial Expenses销售利润Profit from Sales加: 其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations营业利润Operating Profits加: 投资收益Plus: Investment Income营业外净收入Non-Operating Revenue以前年度利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Years利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax)减: 所得税Deduct: Income Tax净利润Net Profits合并资产负债表 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET 资产Assets流动资产Current Assets长期应收帐款Long-term Receivable长期投资Long-term Investment固定资产Fixed Assets原值Original Coat减: 累计折旧Deduct: Accumulated Depreciation净值Net Worth在建工程Construction in-progress其它资产Other Assets资产总额Total Assets负债和权益 Liabilities & Equity负债Liabilities流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities负债合计Total Liabilities少数股东权益Minority Interests权益Equity实收资本Paid-in Capital资本公积Capital surplus保留盈利Retained Earnings权益合计Total Equity负债和权益总额Total Liabilities & EquityBALANCE SHEET 资产负债表ASSETS 资产Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金Accounts Receivable 应收帐款Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产Total Current Assets 流动资产总计Gros.Prop.,Plan..Equip.财产, 场房和设备原. Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Ne.property.Plan..Equip.财产, 场房和设备净. Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY 负债和权益Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债Accounts Payable 应付帐款Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益Common Stock Equity 普通股权益Total Stockholders’ Equity 股东权益总计Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计Insurance保险credit insurance 信用保险insurance company 保险公司insurance coverage 保险范围insurance fund 保险基金insurance industry 保险业Bank银行all-purpose bank 通用银行bank account balance 银行存款余额bank balance sheet 银行财务状况表bank credit 银行信贷bank debt 银行债务bank discount rate 银行贴现率bank holding company 银行控股公司bank interest 银行利息bank line 银行信用额度bank loan 银行借款bank rate 银行贴现率bank reserve 银行准备金bank’s buying rate 银行买价bank’s call loan 银行同行拆借bank’s selling rate 银行卖价clearing bank 清算银行commercial bank 商业银行cooperative bank 合作银行mortgage bank 抵押银行Banking 金融, 银行业banking institution 金融机构Banking Law 银行法banking sector 银行部门Check 检查, 核对, 支票check account 支票帐户check for transfer 转帐支票check up account 对帐Cheque 支票Credit 信用, 信贷credit agency 信贷机构credit analysis 信用分析credit and loan 信贷credit bank 信贷银行credit capacity 信贷能力credit capital 信贷资金credit card 信用卡credit crisis 信贷危机credit rating 信用评级credit risk 信贷风险credit standing 商业信誉credit union 信用社rural credit cooperatives 农村信用社urban credit cooperatives 城市信用社Creditor 债权人creditor bank 债权银行creditor country 债权国creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人creditor’s equity债权人权益creditor’s meeting 债权人大会secured creditors’ committee 有抵押债权人委员会unsecured creditors’ committee 无抵押债权人委员会Crisis 危机crisis export 转嫁危机crisis of confidence 信任危机Cumulative 累积的cumulative balance 累积余额cumulative preference share 累积优先股份Currency 货币currency crisis 货币危机currency devaluation 货币贬值currency revaluation 货币增值Discount 贴现, 折扣, 减价debt discount 债务贴现discount bank 贴现银行discount bond 按面值折价发行的债券discount cash flow 现金收支折现法discount factors 贴现系数表discount for cash 贴现discount interest 贴现利息discount liability 折价债务discount loan 贴现贷款discount market 贴现市场discount method 折扣方法discount of bill 票据贴现discount on share 股票折价discount on stock 股本折价discount rate 贴现率, 折扣率discount securities 折扣证券Discounted 已贴现的, 已折扣的discounted cash flow technique 现金流量折现法discounted present value 贴现后的现值Interest 利息, 股利interest free deposit 无息存款interest free loan 无息贷款interest income 利息收益interest on principal 本息interest rate on deposits 存款利率interest rate risk 利率风险interest-rate cuts 利率下调interest-rate reductions 利率下调Loan 贷款, 借贷, 借款loan bank 贷款银行loan capital 借贷资本loan financing 贷款筹措loan fund 贷款基金loan guarantee 贷款担保loan interest 贷款利息loan receivable 应收贷款loan-deposit ratio 贷款存款比率allocations of special drawing rights 特别提款权分配额Duty关税Dumping 倾销dumoing code 反倾销法案dumoing duty 倾销税dumping export 倾销出口dumping price 倾销价格Duration 期限Duty 关税countervailing duty 分倾销性关税duty drawback 关税退税duty free 免税merger and acquisition兼并与收购Acquiring enterprise 购方企业Acquisition (公司间的)收购, 获得acquisition agreement 收购协议acquisition approach 收购方法acquisition criteria 收购标准acquisition cost 收购成本acquisition price 收购价格acquisition process 收购过程acquisition program 收购程序acquisition value 购置价值friendly acquisition 善意收购(hostile takeover) 敌意收购internal acquisition team 内部收购小组international acquisition 国际收购Horizontal 水平的, 横向的horizontal acquisition 横向收购horizontal combination 横向合并, 同行业合并horizontal integration 横向联合horizontal merger 横向兼并Vertical 垂直的, 纵向的vertical acquisition 纵向收购vertical consolidation 纵向合并vertical integration 纵向合并vertical merger 纵向兼并Leverage 杠杆作用, 借贷机会Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Leveraged lease 杠杆租赁Bankrupt破产bankrupt’s assets 破产者的财产Bankruptcy 破产act of bankruptcy 破产法案arrangement in bankruptcy court 迫产法庭调解bankruptcy administrator 破产管理人bankruptcy amendment act 破产修正案bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第7 章(清算)bankruptcy code chapter 11--- reorganization 破产法第11章(重组)bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人bankruptcy judge 破产判决bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy notice 破产公告bankruptcy ordinance 破产条例bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy rules 破产规定bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人declaration of bankruptcy 宣布破产bankrupt’s assets 破产者的财产Bankruptcy 破产act of bankruptcy 破产法案arrangement in bankruptcy court 迫产法庭调解bankruptcy administrator 破产管理人bankruptcy amendment act 破产修正案bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第7 章(清算)bankruptcy code chapter 11--- reorganization 破产法第11章(重组)bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人bankruptcy judge 破产判决bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy notice 破产公告bankruptcy ordinance 破产条例bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy rules 破产规定bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人declaration of bankruptcy 宣布破产Bond债券, 证券, 公债bond broker 债券经纪人bond creditor 债券债权人bond discount 债券折价bond issue 债券发行bond market 债券市场bond premium 债券溢价bond rating agency 债券评级机构bond yield 债券收益callable bond 通知偿还债券convertible bond 可转换债券government bond 政府债券junk bond 拉圾债券listed bond 挂牌债券, 上市证券mortgage bond 抵押债券municipal bond 市政债券preference bond 优先债券, 优先股registered bond 记名债券treasury bond 国库债券unlisted bond 未挂牌债券, 未上市证Business administration企业管理, 工商管理business assets 营业资产business competition 商业竟争business credit 商业贷款business efficiency 经济效率business entity 企业实体business ethics 商业道德business license 营业执照business management 企业管理business performance 经营成绩business policy 经营方针business representative 商务代表business risk 经营风险business strength 业务实力business tax 营业税business valuation 经济评价, 企业评估Centralization 集中管理方式, 集中化centralization and decentralization 集中与分散Management 管理Manage 管理, 经营Managrd 管理的, 经营的Management 管理central management 集中管理enterprise’s management 企业管理management accounting 管理会计management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理management decision 管理决策management function 管理职能management qualitymanagement information system 管理信息系统personnel management 人事管理Manager 经理, 管理人员, 经营者accounting manager 会计主管assistant general manager 助理, 副总经理general manager 总经理Managerial 管理的managerial decision-making process 管理决策程序managerial economics 管理经济学managerial know-how 管理专门知识Loan 贷款, 借贷, 借款loan bank 贷款银行loan capital 借贷资本loan financing 贷款筹措loan fund 贷款基金loan guarantee 贷款担保loan interest 贷款利息loan receivable 应收贷款loan-deposit ratio 贷款存款比率Capital资本, 股本additional paid-in capital 追加股本金borrowed capital 借入资本business capital 企业资本capital account 资本帐户capital accumulation 资本积累capital appreciation 资本增值capital and liability ratio 资本负债比率capital appreciation 资本增值capital assets account 资本资产账户capital authorized 法定资本, 核定资本capital budget 资本预算capital construction investment 基本建设投资capital cost 资本成本, 资本费用capital credit certificate 资本信用证书capital deficit 资本亏损capital export country 资本输出国capital in cash 现金资本capital in budget 预算内资金capital increase 增资capital input 资本投入capital investment 资本投资capital lease 资产租赁capital loan 资本借贷capital loss 资本损失capital market rate 资本市场利率capital net worth 资本净值capital paid in 实收资本, 已缴资本capital ratio 资本比率capital reorganization 资本重组, 资本改组capital reserve 公积金, 准备金capital shortage 资金短缺capital stock 股本, 股金总额capital structure 资本结构capital surplus 公积金, 资本盈余capital transfer tax 资本转移税capital turnover 资金周转, 资本周转capital value 资本价值circulating capital 流动资本, 流通资本commodity capital 商品资本constant capital 不变资本corporate capital 公司资本current capital 流动资本dead capital 呆滞资本disposable capital 闲置资本entity capital 自有资本financing capital 金融资本group capitals 集团资本idle capital 呆滞资本monetary capital 货币资本net working capital 净流动资金nominal capital 名义资本, 额定资本original capital 原始投资private capital 私人资本production capital 生产资本return on capital 资本收益率share capital 股本venture capital 风险资本, 投机资本weighted average cost of capital(WACC) 加权平均资本成本Capital-intensive 资本集约型的, 资本密集型的Capitalization 资产化capitalization rate 资产化率capitalization ratio 资产构成比率Stock股票, 股份American Stock Exchange(AMEX) 美国证券交易所New York Stock Exchange(NYEX) 纽约证券交易所stock acquisition 股票收购stock and bond 股票和债券stock authorized 额定股本stock averages 股份平均指数stock bonus 股份红利stock capitalization 股份资本化stock certificate 股票stock common 普通股stock dividend 股利, 股息stock equity securities 股权证券stock exchange 股票交易所stock exchange firm 证券公司stock index 证券指数stock index futures 股票指数期货stock insurance company 股票保险公司stock ledger 存货簿, 股东名册stock market credit 股票市场信用stock market quotation 股市行情stock merger 股票兼并stock option 股票购买权stock ownership 股权stock preferred 优先股stock premium 股票溢价stock purchase warrant 购股证stock transfer 股票转让stock-for asset reorganization 股票资产交换式重组stock-for stock reorganization 股票股票交换式重组voting stock 有投票权的股票NYSE New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所AMEX American Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所。
社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻译(1)

社会政治与经济类英语热点词块翻译(1Deepening reform and opening up 深化改革扩大开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics建设有中国特色的社会主义理论The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论One focus, two basic points 一个中心,两个基本点Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中心Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇,深化改革,wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, maintaining stability扩大开放,促进发展,保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces是否有利于发展社会主义生产力Whether it would be beneficial to enhancing the overall strength of the country是否有利于增强综合国力Whether it would be beneficial to raising people’s l iving standard是否有利于提高人民生活水平Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Deepening economic reform 深化经济改革Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改革与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策Reform measures 改革措施Speed up reform 加快改革Reform of economic system 经济体制改革Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改革Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Reform of housing system 住房制度改革Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Open door policy 开放政策Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放Opening up 扩大开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and 引进外国的资金,先进技术和managerial experiences 管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems 一国两制Special administrative region 特别行政区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制to the householdNarrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距Eliminate poverty 消除贫困Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续,快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济,多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理,监督和营运体系and operation of State assetsReform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰,责权明确,政企分开,responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学management and adopting scientific managementRegulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned propertyOperate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营,自负盈亏,自我发展,for its profits and losses, seek self-development 自我约束and self-relianceUphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则,转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economic managementSafeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sector of the economyConcentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团groupsReform, reorganization and upgrading 改革,改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组,联合,兼并,股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁,承包经营和出售and sell-offManage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好大的,放活小的policy towards small onesGive small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序,鼓励企业兼并,merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产or go bankruptDispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理management of enterprisesStrengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债channelsStrive to help enterprises eliminate losses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈increase profitsDevelop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造technologyMechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制the inferiorEnjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的生产企业自营出口权in export independentlyProtect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechani smsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release smallenterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can beturned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY 企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司,国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业,合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司,企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团,综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司Public company 上市公司Private company 非上市公司Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行Investment bank 投资银行Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行Clearing bank 清算银行Credit union 信用社Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司Loan and trust company 信托公司Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购Reorganization 重组Association 联合Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Strategic acquisition 战略性收购Combination of enterprise 企业合并Concentric acquisition 集中收购Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation by merger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并Vertical acquisition 纵向收购Vertical merger 纵向兼并Vertical consolidation 纵向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购Horizontal combination 横向合并,同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11 --- reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcy court 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcy court 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION 市场和竟争Commodity market 商品市场Securities market 证券市场Bond market 债券市场Stock market 股票市场Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场Capital market 资本市场Free market 自由市场Labour market 劳动力市场Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竟争Market development 市场开发Market forecast 市场预测Market potential 市场潜力Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Buyer’s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争Low-level competition 低水平竟争Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查,市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额,市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销,市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道,市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产Mortgage assets 抵押资产Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债Liability out of book 账外负债Long-term liability 长期负债Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’ equity 股东权益Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock 非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股Non-Participating preferred stock 非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Common stock equity 普通股权益Total equity 权益总额企业评价指标Assets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资产Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to SalesSales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin)Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return on Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity) 净资产收益率收益表INCOME STATEMENT销售收入Sales Revenue减:销售折扣与折让Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance 销售收入净值Net Sales Revenue减:销售税金Deduct: Tax on Sales销售成本Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales减:管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses财务费用Financial Expenses销售利润Profit from Sales加:其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations营业利润Operating Profits加:投资收益Plus: Investment Income营业外净收入Non-Operating Revenue以前年度利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Years利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax)减:所得税Deduct: Income Tax净利润Net Profits合并资产负债表CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET 资产Assets流动资产Current Assets长期应收帐款Long-term Receivable长期投资Long-term Investment固定资产Fixed Assets原值Original Coat减:累计折旧Deduct: Accumulated Depreciation净值Net Worth在建工程Construction in-progress其它资产Other Assets资产总额Total Assets负债和权益Liabilities & Equity负债Liabilities流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities负债合计Total Liabilities少数股东权益Minority Interests权益Equity实收资本Paid-in Capital资本公积Capital surplus保留盈利Retained Earnings权益合计Total Equity负债和权益总额Total Liabilities & EquityBALANCE SHEET 资产负债表ASSETS 资产Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金Accounts Receivable 应收帐款Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产Total Current Assets 流动资产总计Gross Prop.,Plant & Equip. 财产,场房和设备原值Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Net property, Plant & Equip. 财产,场房和设备净值Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY 负债和权益Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债Accounts Payable 应付帐款Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益Common Stock Equity 普通股权益Total Stockholders’ Equity 股东权益总计Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计Economic经济的economic analysis 经济分析economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体economic forecast 经济预测economic foundation 经济基础economic growth rate 经济增长率economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序economic policy 经济政策economic potential 经济潜力economic prospect 经济展望economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制,经济制度economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学economics of scale 规模经济学Economy 经济closed economy 闭关自守经济commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段economies of scale 规模经济market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济planned economy 计划经济Enterprise企业Entrepreneur 企业家Enterpreneurial 企业家的enterpreneurial courage 企业家的胆略enterpreneurial spirit 企业家精神Enterprise 企业backbone enterprise 骨干企业central enterprises 中央企业collectively-owned enterprises 集体企业combined enterprise 联合企业enterprise accounting 企业会计enterprise development fund 企业发展基金enterprise law 企业法enterprises’ management mechanisms 企业管理机制foreign-funded enterprises 外资企业large and medium-size enterprises 大中型企业local enterprises 地方企业modern enterprise system 现代企业制度money-lossing enterprises 亏损企业state-owned enterprises 国有企业township enterprises 乡镇企业Accountant会计师Certified Public Accountant (CPA) 注册会计师chief accountant 总会计师cost accountant 成本会计certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师Accounting会计,会计学accounting classification 会计科目分类accounting cycle 会计周期accounting equation 会计方程式accounting firm 会计事务所accounting information 会计信息accounting principles for business enterprise 企业会计原则accounting statement 会计报表accounting system 会计系统accounting year 会计年度accrual basis accounting 权责发生制会计方法记帐cash basis accounting 现金会计方法记帐All-purpose financial statement 通用财务报表American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 美国注册会计师协会(AICPA) certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师annual accounting 年度决算annual audit 年度审计annual balance sheet 年终决算表annual budget 年度预算annual financial report 年度财务报告annual summary 年度汇总表summary balance sheet 资产负债汇总表Audit审计annual audit 年度审计audit certificate 审计证书Audit Law 审计法audit of financial statement 财务报表审计external audit 外部审计legally required audit 法定审计Auditing firm 审计公司Auditor 审计师Account帐户,会计科目accounting classification 会计科目分类account balance 帐户余额account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款accumulation account 累积帐户assets account 资产帐户bank account 银行帐户capital account 资本帐户cash account 现金帐户checking account 支票帐户clearing account 清算帐户,结算帐户commission account 佣金帐户cost account 成本帐户deposit account 存款帐户doubtful account 可疑帐户equity account 股本帐户expenses account 开支帐户foreign currency account 外汇帐户frozen account 冻结帐户group account 集团帐户inventory account 存货帐户investment account 投资帐户journal account 日记帐ledger account 分类帐帐户liability account 负债帐户overdrawn account 透支帐户property account 财产帐户savings account 储蓄帐户accrued expenses payable 应计未付费用accrued income 应计收入accrued interest on bonds 应计债券利息accrued interest on investment 应计投资利息accured interest patable 应计未付利息accrued liability 应计负债accrued profit 应计利润accrued taxes 应计税款accumulated amount 累计额accumulated earnings 累计收益accumulated funds 公积金accumulated net income 累计净收益accumulated profit 累计利润accumulating capital 累计资本accumulating losses 累计损失Acid ratio 流动比率actual assets 实际资产actual cash value 实际现金价值actual capital 实际资本actual cost 实际成本actual depreciation 实际折旧actual value 实际价值Adjusted 调整后的adjusted acquisition cost 调整后购置成本adjusted base 调整后基数adjusted book balance 调整后的帐面余额adjusted gross income 调整后的净收入adjusted net profit 调整后的净利润Adjustment 调整adjustment account 调整帐户Advance 预付advance account 预付帐户advance charge 预付费用advance payment 预先付款advance received 暂收款Allocated cost 已分摊成本Allocated cost of fixed assts 固定资产折旧Allocation 分配,分摊allocation of market 市场分配allocation of purchase price 购置价格分摊(指成套设备)allocation of quota 配额分配allocation of resources 资源分配allocation of shares 股金分配allocation optimum 最优配置allocations to accounting periods 会计期间内的分摊Allotment 拨款Amendment 修改amendment of register 变更登记American Society of Appraisers (ASA) 美国评估师协会Amortization 摊销,摊还amortization fund 偿债基金amortization of bond issued expense 债券发行费摊销amortization of fixed asset 固定资产摊销amortization of loan 分期偿还贷款amortization schedule 摊销表Amount 数量,总额,合计amount guaranteed 担保额amount of investment 投资额amount of sales 销售额financial statement analysis财务报表分析analysis of assets changes 资产变动分析analysis of balance sheet 资产负债表分析balance sheet evaluation 资产负债表评价analysis of business profit 企业利润分析analysis of capital changes 资本变动分析analysis of changes in financial position 财务状况变动分析balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet audit 资产负债表审计balance sheet classification 资产负债表分类certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表analysis of variance 方差分析gross profit analysis 毛利分析investment analysis 投资分析market analysis 市场分析macro analysis 微观分析qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析ratio analysis 比率分析return analysis 回报分析sales analysis 销售分析Analytical model 分析模型bad account 坏帐,呆帐bad debt loss 坏帐损失bad debt recovey 呆坏帐收回bad title 失效产权Balance 余额,结余,差额,平衡adverse balance 收支逆差balance budget 平衡预算balance of international trade 国际贸易差额balance of payment 国际收支closing balance 期末差额credit balance 贷方余额foreign currency balance 外汇余额keep balance 保持平衡loss balance 失去平衡negative balance 逆差retained balance from foreign exchange revenue 外汇收入留成余额book depreciation 帐面折旧book-entry securities 记帐证券book inventory 帐面库存book of account 帐簿book profit 帐面利润book value per share 每股帐面价值Cash 现金cash account 现金帐户cash assets 现金资本cash audit 现金审计cash balance 现金余额cash equivalent 视同库存现金cash flow analysis 现金流量分析cash in bank 银行现金cash in hold 库存现金cash payment 现金支付cash purchase 现金购买cash transaction 现金交易free cash flows 活动现金流Certified 注册的,合格的certified appraiser 注册评估师certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified mortgage 证实抵押。
常见金融名词

常见金融名词1. 资产(Asset):指个人、企业或机构拥有的具有经济价值的资源,包括现金、股票、债券、房地产等。
2. 负债(Liability):指个人、企业或机构所欠他人的债务,包括贷款、应付账款、债券等。
3. 资产负债表(Balance Sheet):汇总了一个企业或机构在特定日期内的资产、负债和所有者权益,并显示其财务状况。
4. 利润表(Income Statement):反映了一个企业或机构在一定时间内的收入、成本、费用和利润,并展示其盈利能力。
5. 现金流量表(Cash Flow Statement):记录了一个企业或机构在特定时间内的现金流入和流出情况,以及现金的净增减额。
6. 股票(Stock):企业发行的证券,代表持有人对企业所有权的一种权益,股票持有者可以分享企业的盈利和决策权。
7. 债券(Bond):企业、政府或机构发行的债务工具,代表债券持有人的债权,包括借款本金和利息。
8. 利率(Interest Rate):借贷资金的价格,表示一定时间内贷款的利息百分比。
9. 货币政策(Monetary Policy):由中央银行制定和执行的一系列措施,以影响货币供应量、利率和经济活动,以实现稳定的物价水平和经济增长。
10. 股东(Shareholder):持有公司股票的个人、机构或企业,享有公司经营利润的分配权和决策权。
11. 保险(Insurance):个人或企业向保险公司支付保费,以获得保险合同覆盖的风险保障和赔偿。
12. 风险管理(Risk Management):通过分析和识别潜在风险,采取相应的措施来减少或规避金融和企业面临的风险。
13. 抵押(Mortgage):个人或企业用房地产作为抵押品向银行或贷款机构借款的行为。
14. 利息(Interest):借贷资金中借款人向贷款人支付的额外费用,作为借款的报酬。
15. 股息(Dividend):上市公司向股东分配的利润的一部分,按股份比例分配给股东。
日本经济词汇

mixed economy 混合经济
protectionism 保护主义
autarchy 闭关自守
primary sector 初级成分
devastate 蹂躏,破坏;使荒废;毁灭
level 推倒,夷平
flatten 夷为平地
seismology 地震学
seismograph 地震仪
seismographer 地震学家
free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场
foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券
hard currency 硬通货
speculation 投机
depreciation 减价,贬值
震后经济
public construction works in affected areas ---受灾地区公共建设工程
government budget---政府预算
income gain 股利收入
par value 股面价格,票面价格
bull 买手, 多头
bear 卖手, 空头
capitalist economy 资本主义经济
collectiveeconomy 集体经济
planned economy 计划经济
controlled economy 管制经济
ruraleconomics 农村经济
non-essential needs 可有可无的需求
soar ---变坏,恶化
economic cycle ---经济周期
showdown---摊牌,最后的决战
2018银行招聘考试银行英语常用词汇

2018银行招聘考试银行英语常用词汇to close an account,to clear an account结清to draw money 取款drawing-out slip取款单the number slip号码牌a withdrawal form取款单to fill in the receipt in duplicate 一式两份填这张收据cash book现金出纳帐cash account现金帐journal,day-book日记帐,流水帐bad debts坏帐investment 投资surplus结余idle capital游资economic cycle经济周期economic boom经济繁荣economic recession经济衰退economic depression经济萧条economic crisis经济危机economic recovery经济复苏inflation通货膨胀deflation通货收缩deva luation货币贬值reva luation货币增值international balance of payment国际收支favourable balance 顺差adverse balance逆差hard currency硬通货soft currency软通货international monetary system国际货币制度the purchasing power of money货币购买力money in circulation货币流通量note issue纸币发行量national budget国家预算national gross product国民生产总值public bond公债stock,share股票teller,cashier出纳员currency,money货币money changing兑换货币an exchange form兑换单stock exchange股票交易所broker经纪人commission佣金bookkeeping簿记bookkeeper簿记员an application form申请单bank statement对帐单letter of credit信用证strong room,vault保险库equitable tax system等价税则specimen signature签字式样banking hours,business hours营业时间bank note钞票note of large denomination大票note of small denomination小票small change零钱subsidiary money辅币nickel piece镍币plastic currency notes塑料钞票debenture债券treasury bill国库券debt chain债务链direct exchange直接(对角)套汇indirect exchange间接(三角)套汇cross rate,arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency(exchange)reserve外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation外汇波动foreign exchange crisis外汇危机discount贴现discount rate,bank rate贴现率gold reserve黄金储备money(financial)market金融市场。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
5月上旬与投资密切螺纹钢及水泥价格依旧低迷。螺 纹钢库存依旧处于高位,回落速度十分缓慢,上游焦炭价 格有震荡上升的趋势,但幅度较小,各地焦化厂开工率仍 在持续下降中。全国水泥均价较4月近小幅回升约2元, 东部涨幅略高。 乐观的迹象是在房地产相关链条上的PVC、纯碱、 玻璃等中游化工品价格在5月初出现较快上升,这主要 受益于地产投资持续较快的回升。但这些行业普遍存 在产能严重过剩的问题,当下库存较高,行业普遍预期未 来价格回升幅度有限,并对之后的产出提振效用较弱。
Related impacts---Ⅲ
When the economy to achieve prosperity, good corporate profits, dividends and bonuses increase, the stock price rose sharply.
经济周期的类型
1.朱格拉周期 法国经济学家朱格拉(C Juglar)于1862年出版了 《法国、英国及美国的商业危机及其周期》一书中, 提出了资本主义经济存在着9~10年的周期波动,一般 称为“朱格拉周期”。熊彼特把这种周期称为中周期, 或朱格拉周期。汉森则把这种周期称为“主要经济周 期”。 2.基钦周期 英国经济学家约瑟夫· 基钦(J· Kitchen)于1923年 提出了存在着一种40个月(3~4年)左右的小周期, 而一个大周期则包括两个或三个小周期,故称为“基 钦周期”。基钦提到,这种小周期是心理原因所引起 的有节奏的运动的结果,而这种心理原因又是受农业 丰歉影响食物价格所造成的。
经济分析:经济周期波动规 律的原因–人性的弱点
经济增长,劳动效率的提高,带动了经济的快速增长; 农村剩余劳动力大量转移到工业与服务业,成功地压制了通货膨胀(恶性通 货膨胀是资产泡沫的天敌); 长期的低利率,使得增长速度更加“炫目”,人心变得过度乐观。 最后,过度的乐观受到“突如其来”的危机的惩罚(其实这并不突如其然,因 为原材料,油价粮价的暴涨导致货币政策紧缩,就是撤退的信号),最终,杠杆过 高,过度乐观的投资者受到流动性和资产价格下跌的惩罚; 但信用危机也催生了过度的悲观; 很自然地,过度的悲观和过低的资产价格,孕育了新的投资机会,如此周而 复始。 从人性的角度说,人们对于经济,股市,楼市的信心的建立需要时间,所以, 一个大升浪需要有3到5次的小波段,让人们一步步建立信心,而对市场丧失信心 却很容易,往往几个月就失去信心,如1997年的香港股市与楼市。 这就是经济周期循环背后的人性因素。
Economic Cycle
It was divided it into four prosperity, recession, depression and recovery stages, now generally called recession, trough, expansion and the top four stages.
3.康德拉季耶夫周期 俄国经济学家康德拉季耶夫(N· Codrulieff)于 D· 1925年提出资本主义经济中存在着50~60年一个的周 期,故称“康德拉季耶夫”周期,也称长周期。 4.库兹涅茨周期 1930年,美国经济学家库兹涅茨(S· Kuznets)提 出了存在一种与房屋建筑相关的经济周期,这种周期 平均长度为20年。这也是一种长周期,被称为“库兹 涅茨”周期,也称建筑业周期。
Related impacts---Ⅰ
When the recession began, the company's products unmarketable, deterioration in operating conditions, dividends, bonuses and reduce the decline in stock prices.
5月上旬经济周期跟踪:东部省份投资 增速上升
从5月上旬高频工业数据来看,经济回升延续疲弱态 势。按电监会日均发电量测算,即便剔除五一假期影 响,5月上旬日均发电量同比增速较4月份出现回落,上 游动力煤价格持续低迷。山西煤炭产量及库存量环比 下降,出现主动去库存的迹象。 4月重点品牌挖机开机小时数环比增长,符合往年的 季节趋势,但同比下滑,预示着开工旺季的投资启动依旧 较弱,这与刚公布的4月基建投资增速回落的走势一致。 不同区域间的投资增速分化,东部地区投资增速回 升。西部及中部部分省份投资增速明显回落,东部投资 增速从年初以来上了一个台阶,特别是北京、上海、浙 江和广东四个地区的投资增速发力明显,将对接下来宏 观经济形势的前景起到重要的作用。
经济周期的成因理论 The theory of the causes of the economic cycle
Monetarist view货币学派的观点 Multiplier - theoretical model乘数—加速数理论模型 The political theory of the economic cycle经济周期的 政治理论 Balanced economic cycle theory均衡经济周期理论 Real Business Cycle Theory...真实经济周期理论 The theory of supply shocks供给冲击理论 Combined effects of theory综合作用理论
environment and market environment has become increasingly active season. Market demand, orders, products, best-selling production trending up, mobility of capital turnover by now. Enterprise supply, production, sales and people, wealth, thing is good
A general feature of the recession 经济衰退的普遍特征
Consumer demand, investment declined sharply; demand for labor, the decline in output, a sharp decline in corporate profits, stock prices and interest rates generally will decline.消费者需求、投资 急剧下降;对劳动的需求、产出下降、 企业利润急剧下滑、股票价格和利率一 般也会下降。
Economic Cycle
Business cycle
Zhang Zhuoran Zhang Lin
Economic Cycle
It is to point to in the operation of the economic cyclical economic expansion and contraction, alternate cycles of a phenomenon. It is total revenue and total national output and employment fluctuations, overall economic activity is national income or alternate or cyclical fluctuations of expansion and contraction.
Related impacts---Ⅱ
Economic recovery, sales of enterprise products begin to rise, business conditions improved, corporate dividends, bonuses, stock prices rose gradually.
Recession real GDP of at least two consecutive quarters of decline衰退 指实际GDP至少连续两个季度下降。 Depression refers to a wide scale and long duration of the recession. 萧条指规模广且持续时间长的衰退
Economic Cycle
Rising phase is also known as prosperity, highest point is called the peak.
Economic Cycle
Two-stage Method
Expansion Stage is the macro economic
Economic Cycle
Four-stage Method
Boom Recession Stagnation Resuscitation
The economic cycle is characterized by gross national output, fluctuations in the amount of total revenue, total employment, it is marked by the expansion and contraction of most sectors of the economy.经济周期的特点 是国民总产出、总收入、总就业量的波 动,它以大多数经济部门的扩张与收缩 为标志。
需特别加以说明的是,熊波特在他的两卷本《经济 周期》(1939年版)中对前三种经济周期作了高度综 合与概括。他认为前三种周期尽管划分方法不一样, 但并不矛盾。每个长周期中套有中周期,每个中周期 中套有短周期。每个长周期包括6个中周期,每个中周 期包括3个短周期。熊波特还把不同的技术创新与不同 的周期联系起来,以三次重大创新为标志,划分了三 个长周期:第一个周期,从18世纪代到1842年,是 “产业革命时期”;第二个周期,从1842~1897年, 是“蒸汽和钢铁时期”;第三个周期,1897年以后, 是“电气、化学和汽车时期”。