医药类文献综述

Globally, there is a major interest and need to maintain research areas that can improve on patient care and disease understanding, including “Personalized Medicine”. Targeting drug treatment bridges into alternative technologies with early indication of disease diagnosis that utilizes both imaging technologies and biomarker diagnostics. With the biomarker diagnosis developments, there is an expected shift in the demand and expectations on the future healthcare systems worldwide to chronic illnesses and aging demographics.1 These changes will create novel opportunities and challenges to the medical research community to adopt a patient-centric and technology-driven research strategy . The new entry into the medical field is the concept of quantifying proteins that are believed to have a key role in a specific disease area. Worldwide companies are being established that provide services and create a market where blood analysis is a key biofluid clinical source for diagnostics in general. We are entering into a new future, with large numbers of putative diagnostic markers to be assessed, where validations in clinical studies are needed to determine which combination of markers has the greatest diagnostic and prognostic value. Accordingly, the development of new diagnostic biomarkers has a huge potential, where both the industry as well as the academic field are investing and exploring approaches to connect technology to make innovative discoveries.4

Reference standard material as well as reference standardization methods form the cornerstones of modern clinical protein research. Human blood as a source for clinical chemistry has its merits due to its wide applicability. The challenges, however, should not be underestimated, and those relate closely to standard operating procedure that is essential in order to guarantee the quality of the blood references.5−7

Today, sample collections from several large clinical studies have been biobanked for research applications. These biobanks at research centers and at national levels hold valuable information about diseases and pathological landmarks.8

It is of uttermost importance that a reference standard of high quality is stored in the biobanks in the same environmental conditions as the collected samples. This will allow for normalization and alignment of protein expression analysis data. There are an increasing number of clinical biobank sample collections from large-scale and population-based studies.9,10 These sample collections will be the source of important information in the years to come.

One example is the BIG3 study in southern Sweden that investigates the common pathology between disease that is linked to the heart and lungs, as well as the cardiovascular system. The pathologies of those organs in the BIG3 cohort are

studied within lung cancer, COPD and cardiovascular diseases.

This clinical initiative is screening the three major smokinginduced diseases in asymptomatic smokers in the general public Another large scale clinical study initiative by the UK Biobank is an epidemiological study intended to create a resource for research in all medical disciplines, enabling new and ground breaking research on the connections between heredity, environment and lifestyle

The reference plasma samples developed in this project initiative will give great value to global initiatives, such as the CHPP, that will benefit as one scientific program when the entire human proteome is mapped and linked to human diseases.11−17

In this study, we focused on the development of a reference blood plasma standard that has been characterized and is available as a resource for Proteomics research teams around the world.