英语被动语态

英语被动语态

【知识总结归纳】

一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

熟练转换

A．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：

①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；

②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；

③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。

2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：

①You must throw the broken pottery away at once．

The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同义句）

（填m ust be thrown away）

②Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）

Where ______ vegetables ______ ？（填were；grown）

B.被动语态的使用

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

These records were made by John Denver.

The cup was broken by Paul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替by 短语。

These cars were made in China.

四. 如何正确使用被动语态

1. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：

①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；

②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to 或for 引导。

例如：① He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）

⎭

⎬⎫.him by us to told often are stories g Interestin .him by stories g interestin told often are We （被动语态） ② Her mother gave her a new pen ．（变被动语态）

A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother ．

（填was given to ）

▲1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to ，如：

bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。

(1) The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her.

2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：

build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。

(1) A new skirt was made for me (2) The meat was cooked for us.

2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 还要还原。

eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）

复合宾语

宾语补足语宾语 She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）

此类用法常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice listen to, look at ，等。

3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”

比较：（1）⎩⎨⎧)()(.Fengping by closed is door The .closed is door The 被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的

系表结构门是关着的。 （2）⎩

⎨⎧)()(.Mary by broken was glass The .broken is glass The 被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。

eg. ⎩⎨⎧)

()(.China in place taken been have changes Great .China in place taken have changes Great 错误正确 ⎩

⎨⎧)()(.sea deep the in d disappeare was dolphin The .sea deep the in d disappeare dolphin The 错误正确 五．注意特例

将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：

1.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about,bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。

例如：

① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library ．

A ．take away

B ．taken away

C ．are taken away

D ．be taken away ［D ］

② She will take good care of the children ．（变被动语态）

The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her ）．

（填be taken good care of ）

2．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to 的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号