交通运输专业英语lesson10~lesson16部分翻译

19. Environmental issues have in recent years come very much to the fore to affect a far wider range of traffic-related problems. These include the differing conditions experienced by pedestrians, cyclists, public

transport users and motorists, the growing shortage of energy and the potential impact of poor accessibility on commercial and industrial decline, all of which are seen today as fundamental concerns of urban transport policy. 环境问题最近几年在影响更广泛的与交通有关的问题中表现突出。这些包括由行人，骑自行车，公共交通使用者和驾驶者经历的不同情况，日益短缺的能源和交通不便的商业和工业衰退的潜在影响，所有这些都是今天看作是城市交通政策的基本关切。

20. The principal features of Light Rail can be listed as follows: separation from other road traffic, expansion in

stages as finance or requirement permit, lower investment costs than metro or suburban railways, greater

efficiency than other pubic options and , as has already been indicated, an image and flexibility unmatched by

these other options.

轻轨的主要特点可以列出如下：从其他道路交通分离。扩张阶段为融资或要求许可证，比地铁或市郊铁路投资成本低，比其他公共交通有更高的效率，正如已经指出的，通过这些其他的选择图像便有了无与伦比的灵活性。

21. Environmentally, modern Light Rail systems are able to offer a wide range of benefits, both locally and globally.

Modern tramways, powered by electricity emit no exhaust fumes into the local atmosphere. This is in marked

contrast to car, lorries and buses, which produce various air pollutants, but new technology is able to clean up electricity generation substantially, and this source of pollution is far easier to regulate than emissions from road

vehicles.

有关环境方面的，现代化的轻轨系统能够提供广泛的好处，包括本地及全球。现代有轨电车，由电力驱动的不排放废气到当地的环境。这与产生各种空气污染物的汽车，卡车，公共汽车等形成鲜明的对比，，但新技术是能够从本质上清理一代发电量，并且污染这个来源是比道路车辆的排放量来调节容易得多。

22. Although walking and cycling are clearly the most‘ environmentally friendly ’ ways of getting about, they are not always the most practical solution for longer or bad-weather journeys, for the elder or the disabled, for mother with young children or those loaded down with heavy shopping. In these instances Light Rail has obvious advantages.

虽然步行和骑自行车显然是闲逛的最“环保”的方式，对于老年人或残疾人，母亲与幼儿或那些拿着重物购物来说，他们并不总是较长或坏的天气旅途中最实用的解决方案。在这些情况下轻轨具有明显的优势。

23. Since injury accidents are the only ones which are nationally recorded and analyzed, there statistics

underestimate the true numbers of accidents, because accidents which do not result in injury are not included

(although a small proportion of these accidents are reported to the police). Intuitively it might be thought that all

damage-only accidents were so trivial and occurred at such a low speed that they were not worth considering.

That this is not so is perhaps best illustrated by an example.

由于伤害事故时唯一被全国记录并分析，这些统计低估了真正的事故数，因为那些没有造成伤害的事故并没有被包含（尽管一小部分事故被告知了警察）。直观上所有发生在低速情况下仅仅造成损害的事故是如此不重要并不值得被考虑。也许举一个例子说明事实并非如此。

24. Thus head-on collisions between cars are more likely to be recorded than accident in which only one car is

involved. Moreover, of the accident is of a kind in which the risk of injury is low, such as read-end collisions

betweens cars. The proportion of such accidents which appears in the national statistic is lower than for high risk

accidents such as head-on collisions ,or collisions with heavy commercial vehicles ,and all types of accidents in build-up areas where speeds are low are likely to have a lower proportion of in injury accidents than those in rural areas ,where speeds are higher .

相比那些仅涉及一辆车的事故，这些正面碰撞的车辆事故更容易被记录。此外，如果事故是低伤害风险的，比如追尾，这类事故相对于那些高危险的事故比如正面碰撞，出现在国家统计资料上的可能性是很低的。各种发生在建筑多的低速度地区的事故可能有低的伤害比例比那些发生在高速度的乡村地区的事故。

25. Fig.15.1 shows the first formula in graphical form, and we may regard points below the line as indication

better results in road safety than those above the line .However ,the most important point to remember is that it

may be misleading to quote just one of the two rates given in columns 5 and 6 of table15.1 as proof of the

superiority of road safety measures in one country compared with those of another.

图1展示了第一个公式15在图形化的形式,我们可以把点线以下指示更好的结果在道路安全比上面的线。然而,最重要的一点要记住的是,这可能会误导引用的一个列中给出两个利率5和6的table15.1作为优势的证明在一个国家的道路安全措施与另一个。

26. Age certainly influences accident risk. Judged by the casualties per head of population, young people are more

likely to be involved in accidents, whether as pedestrians, drives or cyclists, than middle-aged people. At least

some part of the increased accident risk in young road users is due to lack of experienced. the accident rate for newly qualified car drivers in their first year of driving has been found to be higher than for experienced drivers, particularly at night; young drivers did best in driving tests but also had the highest accident rates. Over 70 percent of motorcyclists injured in one sample of accidents were found to be learners.

年龄当然影响事故的风险性。由人均事故率中可判断，相对于中年人，年轻人--无论是作为行人驾驶员还是骑行者--更容易陷入交通事故中。至少一部分的年轻人涉及的不断增加的事故风险是由经验不足所致。新获得驾证的驾驶员在第一年的驾驶中比有经验的司机有更大的事故率，夜间尤甚。年轻人的确在驾照考试中做的最好，可是在事故率中也排名靠前。在一次抽样事故调查中发现70%的机动车伤害都是初学者引起

27. The reaction times of road user to potential accident situation are often quoted .In this lesson ,reaction time

will be taken the total time from the instant when the situation sevelops and its image falls on the reaction of the