形容词和副词的讲解与练习

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形容词和副词的讲解与练习

一、形容词用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。

形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:

He is honest and hardworking.I found the book interesting.

某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人做主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:

The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.

多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:

冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。

如:the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

二.副词

1、副词的种类

(1)时间副词如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

(2)地点副词如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

(3)方式副词如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

(4)程度副词如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

2.某些副词在用法上的区别

(1) already, yet, still

already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:

We‟ve already watched that film.I haven‟t finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.(2) too, as well, also, either

too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:He went there too.He didn‟t go there either.I like you as well.I also went there.

(3) hard, hardly

hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如:I work hard every day.I can hardly remember that.(4) late, lately

lately意为"最近、近来",late意为"晚、迟"。如:He never comes late.Have you been to the museum lately?

三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下:

1) 符合规则的:

一般情况直接加-er ; -est tall-taller-tallest;

以e结尾的词加–r ; -st nice-nicer-nicest

以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -est dry-drier-driest heavy-heavier-heaviest 以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写,再加-er ; -est thin-thinner-thinnest

多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加more ; most more delicious most delicious 2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:

原级比较级最高级

good , well better best

bad , ill worse worst

many , much more most

little less least

far farther / further farthest / furthest

注意:有些形容词,如dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制,没有比较级。

四、形容词和副词比较级的用法

(1)两个人或事物的比较时(不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物),用比较级。

Our teacher is taller than we are.

The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.

(2)most 同形容词连用而不用the,表示“极,很,非常,十分”。

It…s most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。

(3)“The+形容词比较级..,the+形容词比较级..”表示“ 越.. 就越..”

The more you study,the more you know.

(4)“ 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级”,表示“ 越来越。.. ”。

It‟s getting hotter and hotter.

(5)主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。

This box is as big as mine.

(6)the + 形容词表示某种人。

He always helps the poor.

(7)形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。

Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.

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