商法术语翻译

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民商法英语词汇

民商法英语词汇01(2006-11-01 14:57:57)转载分类：law english-法律英语民商法学、经济法学Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships 财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship;ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides金融词汇的翻译上传时间:2007-12-12 浏览次数:1689字体大小：大中小acquiring company 收购公司bad loan 呆帐chart of cash flow 现金流量表clearly-established ownership 产权清晰debt to equity 债转股diversity of equities 股权多元化economy of scale 规模经济emerging economies 新兴经济exchange-rate regime 汇率机制fund and financing 筹资融资global financial architecture 全球金融体系global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化go public 上市growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长have one's 'two commas' 百万富翁hedge against 套期保值housing mortgage 住房按揭holdings 控股，所持股份holding company 控股公司initial offerings 原始股initial public offerings 首次公募innovative business 创新企业intellectual capital 智力资本inter-bank lending 拆借internet customer 网上客户investment payoff period 投资回收期joint-stock 参股mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人means of production 生产要素(the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购mobile-phone banking 移动电话银行业moods 人气net potato 网虫non-store seling 直销offering 新股online-banking 网上银行业online-finance 在线金融online client （银行的）网上客户paper profit 帐面收益physical assets 有形资产project fund system 项目资本金制度pyramid sale 传销recapitalize 资产重组regional corrency blocks 地区货币集团regulate 调控sell off 变现share(stock) option 期权，股票认购权smart card 智能卡slash prices 杀价spare capacity 闲置的生产能力strong growth 强劲的增长势头switch trade 转手贸易take…public 上市tap the idle assets 盘活存量资产transaction （银行的）交易transfer payment from the exchequer 财政转移支付venture-capital 风险资本virtual bank 虚拟银行wire transfer 电子转帐合同条款常用英文词汇上传时间:2007-11-14 浏览次数:1483字体大小：大中小买方 buyer卖方 seller项目名称 Project name 地址 address电话 phone传真 fax联系人 contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。

民商法英语词汇

国际商法术语中英文对照

国际商法术语中英文对照章一、国际贸易法概述国际贸易法International Trade Law国际贸易惯例International Trade Usages or Practices国际商业惯例International Business Practices联合国国际贸易法委员会United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL)国际统一私法协会International Institute for the Unification of Private Law(UNIDROIT)国际海事组织International Maritime Organization (IMO)遵循先例Stare Decisis判决依据Ratio Decidendi章二、国际货物买卖合同制度联合国国际货物销售合同公约United Nations Convention for Contracts onInternational Sale of Goods (CISG)国际货物销售统一法公约Convention relating to a Uniform Law onthe International Sale of Goods (ULIS)国际货物销售合同成立统一法公约Convention relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contract for the International Sale of Goods (ULF)要约邀请Invitation to offer要约Offer承诺Acceptance要约的撤回Withdrawal of offer要约的撤销Revocation of offer货物相符Conformity of the goods与通常用途相符Fitness for ordinary purpose与特定用途相符Fitness for particular purpose根本违反合同Fundamental breach of contract 预期违约Anticipatory breach of contract分批交货合同Installment contract宣告合同无效Declare the avoidance of contract 收取货物Take delivery of the goods风险转移Passing of risks损害赔偿Damages减轻损失义务Mitigation of damages免责Exemptions非能控制的障碍Impediment beyond control章三、国际贸易惯例贸易术语Trade usage贸易习惯做法Trade practice托运人Shipper交货Delivery费用Charges查对Checking检验Inspection所在地Premise清关Clearance码头作业费Terminal Handling Charges, THC章四、国际货物运输和运输保险制度海运提单Ocean Bill of Lading租船合同Charter Party海上货物运输Carriage of Goods by Sea 航空货物运输Carriage of Goods by Air 铁路货物运输Carriage of Goods by Rail 多式联运Multimodal Transportation 海牙—维斯比规则The Hague- Visby Rules 汉堡规则Hamburg Rules华沙公约Warsaw Convention海牙议定书The Hague Protocol蒙特利尔公约Montreal Convention多式联运Multimodal Transport保险单Policy实际全损Actual Total Loss推定全损Constructive Total Loss共同海损General Average单独海损Particular Average委付Abandonment代位求偿权Subrogation协会货物条款Institute Cargo Clauses章五、国际贸易支付和融资制度汇票Bills of Exchange / Draft跟单托收Documentary Collection付款交单Documentary Against Payment 承兑交单Documentary Against Acceptance 托收委托书Remittance Letter提示Presentation拒付Dishnour承兑Acceptance信托收据Trust Receipt, T / R。

商法学英文单词和短语精选

《商法学》精品课程建设材料之商法学英文单词和短语精选山东政法学院《商法学》精品课程项目组商法学英文单词和短语精选Collected Words and Expressions in Commercial jurisprudencePart ⅠChapter 1 General Introduction to Commercial Law1. 商commerce2. 商人businessman3. 以营利为目的for-profit4.交易transaction5. 固有商inherent merchants6.辅助商auxiliary merchants7.商法commercial law8.商事关系commercial relations9.民商分立seperation of civil and commercial codes 10.民商合一combination of civil and commercial codes 11.商事组织法business association law 12.商行为法commercial conduct law 13.公司法company law 14.破产法bankruptcy law 15.票据法instrument law 16.证券法security law 17.保险法insurance law 18.海商法maritime commercial law 19.商法的基本原则basic principles of commercial law 20.强化商事组织原则principle of strengthening business organizations 21. 维持交易安全原则principle of affirming safety of trading 22.促进交易便捷原则principle of improving convience and efficiency of trading 23.公平交易原则principle of realizing fairness of trading 24. 商主体commercial subject 25.商事能力business capacity 26.商法人juridical person in commercial law 27.商个人sole proprietor in commercial law 28.商合伙commercial partnership 29.商行为commercial conduct 30.经营business operation 31.绝对商行为absolute commercial conduct 32. 相对商行为relative commercial conduct 33.商事代理commercial agency 34.商事留置commercial lien 35商事登记.commercial registration 36.商号trade name 37.商号权rights of trade name 38.商业账簿trade bookChapter 2 Origin and Development of Commercial Law1.商业习惯customs of merchants2.商人习惯法customary law of merchants3. 法国商法典commercial code of France4. 德国商法典commercial code of Germany5. 日本商法典commercial code of Japan6. 主观主义立法模式subjectivist legislative mode7.客观主义立法模式objectivist legislative mode8.折衷主义立法模式eclectic legislative mode9.判例法case law 10.制定法statute law 11.美国统一商法典Uniform Commercial Code of the United States 12.商法总则general rules of commercial law 13. 商法分则classified rules of commercial law 14.商业惯例business practiceChapter 3 Commercial Law and Other Legal Divisions1.商法commercial law2.民法civil law3.民商分立seperation of civil and commercial codes4.民商合一combination of civil and commercial codes5.普通法general law6.特别法special law7. 特别法优于普通法special law derogates general law8.经济法economic law9.行政法administrative law 10. 企业法enterprise law 11.消费者权益保护法consumer protection law 12 单方商行为unilateral commercial conducts 13.双方商行为bilateral commercial conducts 14.营利调整机制for-profit regulative system 15.行政调整机制administrative regulative systemPart ⅡCorporation LawChapter 4 General overview of Corporation Law1.公司company2.企业法人enterprise legal person3.社团法人corporation4.人合公司personal company5. 资合公司capital company6.跨国公司multinational corporation7. 母公司parent company8.子公司constituent company9.本公司head office 10. 分公司branch company 11.无限责任公司non-limited liability company 12. 有限责任公司limited liability company 13.两合公司limited partnership by shares 14.股份有限公司joint stock limited company 15. 股份两合公司joint-stock limited partnership 16.公开公司public company 17.封闭式公司private company 18.保证有限公司company limited by guarantee 19.公司设立formation of a company 20.公司解散dissolution of a company 21.公司章程articles of association 22. 经营范围business scope 23.公司分立corporate seperation 24. 公司合并coporate merger 25.财务会计报告financial statement 26.资产负债表balance sheeet 27.公司盈余profit of a company 28.公积金accumulation fundChapter 5 limited liability company1.股东share-holder2.出资额capital contribution3.注册资本registered capital4.法定资本最低限额statutory minimum amount of capital5.公司名称name of a company6.公司住所domicile of a company7.组织机构organizational structure8.生产经营场所premises for production and operation9.生产经营条件necessary conditions for production and operation 10.发起设立incorporation by promotion 11.设立登记registration of incorporation 12.营业执照business license 13.出资方式method of capital contribution 14.出资证明书capital contribution certificate 15. 股权转让transfer of stock rights 16.股东会share-holders meeting 17.定期会议regular meeting 18.临时会议interim meeting 19.普通决议common resolution 20.特别决议special resolution 21.董事director 22.董事会board of directors 23.董事长chairman of the board directors 24. 监事supervisor 25.监事会supervisory board 26.经理manager 27.副经理deputy manager 28.财务负责人personel in charge of financial affairs 29.忠实义务fidelity duty 30. 勤勉义务diligence duty 31. 国有独资公司wholly state-owned company 32.外商独资公司sole-foreigninvester company 33.一人公司one man’s company 34.中外合资公司sino-foreign contractual joint company 35.外国公司的分支机构branch of a foreign companyChapter 6 Joint-Stock Limited Company1.股份有限公司joint-stock limited company2.股份share3. 发起人sponsor4.股份发行issuance of shares5. 募集股份share offer6.招股说明书prospectus on share offer7.募集设立incorporation by means of share offer8. 认股subscription9.缴纳股款payment 10.创立大会inaugural meeting 11.股本share capital 12.法定资本制statutory capital system 13. 授权资本制authorized capital system 14.折衷资本制eclectic authorized capital system 15.资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination 16.资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital 17.资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance 18.增资increase of the registered capital 19.减资reduction of the registered capital 20.股份转让transfer of shares 21.股东大会shareholders general meetingChapter 7 Securities law1.有价证券negotiable security2.资本证券capital security3.货币资本money-capital4.流通证券marketble securities5.股票stock6.记名股票registered stock 6.无记名股票unregistered stock7.普通股股票common stock8.优先股股票preference stock9.表决权股票voting stock 10.社会公众股shares issued to the general public 13. 募股申请application for share offer 14股票价格.stock price 15.股票收益stock yield 16.股票回购stock repurchase 17.公司债券company bonds 18.有担保公司债券guaranteed bonds 19.本金debenture principal 20.债券利息bond interest 20.债券发行bond issuance 21.债权转让exchange of bonds 22股票上市.listing of shares 23. 证券交易所stock exchang 24.债券上市listing of bondsPart Ⅲ Bankruptcy LawChapter 8 General Overview of Bankruptcy Law1.破产bankruptcy2.无力清偿insolvency3. 公平清偿fair payment4. 债权人creditor5.债务人debtor6.破产案件bankruptcy cases7. 破产法bankruptcy law8.破产程序bankruptcy procedure9.商人破产主义mercantile bankruptcy theory 10.一般破产主义general bankruptcy theory 11.免责主义doctrine of exemption 12.不免责主义doctrine of nonexemption 13.属地主义doctrine of territoriality in bankruptcy 14.普及主义universalism of bankruptcy doctrineChapter 9 General Overview of Bankruptcy Procedure1.破产程序bankruptcy procedure2.破产程序的适用范围scope of application for bankruptcy procedure3.企业法人business corporation4.破产原因cause of bankruptcy5. 无力清偿insolvency6. 资不抵债inability to offset debts with assets7.缺乏清偿能力lack of ability to repay debts8.停止支付suspend payment9.地域管辖territorial jurisdiction 10.级别管辖jurisdiction by form level 11.管辖权转移transfer of jurisdiction 12.破产裁定order of bankruptcy 13.破产公告public notice of bankruptcy 14.破产申请bankruptcy application 15.破产申请人bankruptcy applicant 16. 破产案件的受理acceptance of bankruptcy case 17.破产申请的驳回deny a bankruptcy application 18.管理人的任命appointment of a bankruptcy trustee 19.债务人财产debtor estate 20.撤销权right of revocation in bankruptcy procedure 21.追回权right of recovery in bankruptcy procedure 22.取回权recall right 23.抵销权right of setoff in bankruptcy procedure 24.破产费用costs for bankruptcy proceedings 25.共益债务debts for common benefit 26.债权申报reports of credits 27.债权人会议creditors meeting 27.债权人委员会creditors committeeChapter 10 Revitalization1.重整原因cause of revitalization2.重整申请application for revitalization3.重整期间period of revitalization4.继续营业continuance of a business5.重整计划schemes of revitalization6.企业拯救enterprises revitalization7.重整计划的执行implementation of revitalization8.重整计划的执行终止termination of the implementation of revitalizationChapter 11 Settlement1.和解程序settlement procedure2.和解申请application for settlement3.和解协议settlement agreement4. 和解失败failure of settlement5.和解完毕fulfillment of a settlement agreementChapter 12 Bankruptcy liquidations1.破产宣告bankruptcy declaration2.破产原因cause of bankruptcy3.破产宣告的裁定rulings of a bankruptcy declaration4.破产清算程序bankruptcy liquidation procedure5.破产人bankrupt6.破产财产insolvent properties7.别除权exemption right8.担保物权realrights for security9.破产变价realization of insolvent properties 10.破产变价方案scheme of realization of insolvent properties 11.破产分配distribution of insolvent proprties 12.破产分配方案scheme of distribution of insolvent properties 13.破产分配的法定顺序statutory order of distribution of insolvent properties 14.工资wages of staff and workers 15.税收taxes 16.破产债权bankruptcy claims 17.追加分配supplementary distribution 17.破产程序的终结termination of bankruptcyprocedurePart Ⅳ Commercial instrument lawChapter 13 General Overview of bills and commercial paper law1.票据commercial instrument2.设权证券right-creating securities3.无因证券abstract securities4.要式证券formal securities5.文义证券literal securities6.流通证券negotiable securities7.信用证券credit instrument8.支付证券payment instrument9.远期票据long-dated bill 10.即期票据sight bill 11.汇票bill 0f exchange 12.本票promissory note 13.支票check 14.汇兑功能function of exchange 15.支付功能function of payment 16.信用功能function of credit 17.票据法commercial instrument law 18.票据关系bill relations 19.票据发行关系bill ralations caused by issuance 20.票据背书关系bill relations caused by endorsement 21. 票据保证关系bill relations caused by guaranty 22.票据承兑关系bill relations caused by acception 23.原因关系cause relations 24.预约关系preliminary relations 25.资金关系fund relations 26.票据行为act of commercial paper 27.基本票据行为fundmental instrument act 28.附属票据行为auxiliary act on negotiable instrument 29.出票issuing a bill 30.背书endorsement 31.保证guaranty 32.承兑acceptance 33.出票人drawer 34.持票人holder 35.背书人endorser 36.保证人guarantor 37.承兑人acceptor 38.收款人payee 39.票据代理agency of act of commercial paper 40.票据权利rights of bill 41.付款请求权right of claim for payment 42.追索权right of recourse 43.正当持票人holder in due course 44.票据的伪造forgery of a bill 45.票据的涂销erasure of a bill 46.票据的变造alteration of a bill 47. 公示催告publicizing public notice for assertion of claims 48.空白票据blank bill 49.票据抗辩bill pleading 50.票据权利的时效limitation of action of rights of billChapter 14 Bill of Exchange1.汇票bill of exchange2.委付证券payment by mandate securities3.商业汇票commercial bill of exchange4.银行汇票bank draft5.即期汇票sight bill6.远期汇票long –dated bill7.记名汇票inscribed bill of exchange8.无记名汇票bearer bill of exchange9.指示汇票bill drawn to order 10.正式汇票formal bill of exchange 11.变式汇票informal bill of exchange 12.出票issuing a bill 13.绝对必要记载事项absolutely necessary specified particulars 14.相对必要记载事项relatively necessary specified particulars 15.任意记载事项freely specified particulars 16. 背书endorsement 17. 转让背书endorsement for transfering bill rights 18.空白背书blank endorsement 19.记名背书full endorsement 20.质押背书endorsement for pledge 21.承兑acceptance 22. 承兑提示presentment for acceptance 23.保证guaranty 24.保证人guarantor 25.被保证人guarantee 26.付款payment 27.付款提示presentment for payment 28.追索权right of recourse 29.背书的连续continuity of endorsementChapter 15 Promissory notes and cheques1.本票promissory notes2.银行本票cashier’s check3.即期本票demand promissory note4.先进本票cash promissory note5.转账本票promissory note for transfer6. 支票cheque7.现金支票cash cheque8.转账支票chack for transfer9.即期支票cheque at sight 10.空白支票blank checkPart Ⅴ Insurance lawChapter 16 General Overview of Insurance and Insurance Law1.保险insurance2.保险合同insurance contract3.投保人applicant for insurance4.保险人insurer5.保险费premium6.被保险人insurant7.保险金insurance benefits8.商业保险commercial insurance9.可保危险insurable risk 10.强制保险compulsory insurance 11.自愿保险voluntary insurance 12.原保险original insurance 13.再保险reinsurance 14.责任保险liability insurance 15.财产保险property insurance 16.人身保险personal insurance 17.保险标的insurance object 18.保险法insurance law 19.保险合同法law of insurance contract 20.海上保险marine insurance 21.社会保险制度legal system of social insurance 22.保险利益原则doctrine of insurable interest 23. 最大诚信原则doctrine of utmost good faith 24.告知notify 25.保证assure 26.弃权与禁止反言dislaimer and being prohibited from going back on one’s words 27.损失补偿原则doctrine of indemnification for loss 28.近因原则doctrine of immediate causeChapter 17 Introduction to Insurance Contract1.保险合同insurance contract2.双务合同riciprocal contract3.有偿合同remunerative contract4.附和合同contracts in standord form5.定值保险合同contract of fixed amount insurance6.不定值保险合同contract of unvalued insurance7.保险人insurer8.投保人applicant for insurance9.被保险人insurant 10.受益人benefiary 11.保险代理人insurance agent 12.保险经纪人insurance broker 13.保险公估人insurance public appraiser 14.投保单proposal form 15.暂保单insurance receipt 16.保险单insurance policy 17.保险凭证insurance certificate 18.投保apply for insurance 19.承保accept insurance 20.保险责任insurance lidbility 21.保险期间duration of insurance coverage 22.保险价值insurable value 23.保险金额sum insured 24.保险危险insurance risks 25.保险事故insured event 26.保密义务duty of maintaining secrecy 27.保险合同的解除dissolution of an insurance contractChapter 18 Contract of Property Insurance1.财产保险合同contract of property insurance2.财产损失保险indemnity insurance3.责任保险liability insurance4.信用保险credit insurance5.火灾保险fire insurance6.保险代位权right of insurance subrogation7.保险价值insurance value8.保险金额sum insured9.保险责任insurance liability 10.责任免除exemption from liability 11.索赔claim an indemnity 12.理赔settlement of claims 13.保险委付insurance abandonment 14.重复保险double insurance 15.企业财产保险insurance of enterprise property 16.机动车辆保险motor vehicle insurance 17.货物运输保险cargo insuranceChapter 19 Contract of Personal Insurance1.人身保险合同contract of personal insurance2.定额保险合同sum insurance contract3.受益人insurance beneficiary4.指定受益人designated beneficiary5.法定受益人statutory beneficiary6.受益人的变更alteration of beneficiary 7.人寿保险life insurance 8.死亡保险mortality insurance 9.健康保险health insurance 10.意外伤害保险injury insurance 11.不可争条款undinable clause 12.复效条款validity reinstatement clauseChapter 20 Law of Insurance Industry1.保险公司insurance company2.保险监督管理机构insurance supervision and control authority3.中国保险监督管理委员会China Insurance Regulatory Commission4.保险准备金liability reserve funds5.保险保障金insurance protection funds6.保险公积金insurance accumulatedfund。

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms（国际贸易术语通则解释）Absolute Advantage（亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论）Acceptanee with Modifications（对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺）Acceptance（承诺/受盘）Act of State Doctrine（国家行为主义）Act of the Parties （当事人的行为）Administrative Management （经营管理）Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit（信用证的通知和确认）Age nt for In ternatio nal Settleme nts（国际结算代理人）Agreement of the Parties（协议选择原则）Agriculture（农业协定）Alternative Dispute Resolution （ADR 解决方式）An ticipatory Breach in Com mon Law （普通法上预期违约）Antidumping Authority（反倾销机构）Applicability of the CISG （CISG 的适用范围）Application of Home State Labor LawsExtraterritorially（内国劳工法律域夕卜适用）Applying for a Letter of Credit（信用证的申请）Approval of Foreign Investment Applications（夕卜国投资申请的批准）Arbitrage（套汇）Arbitration Agreeme nt and Arbitration Clauses（仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款）Arbitration Tribunals（仲裁机构）Artistic Property Agreements（保护文学艺术作品的协定）Artistic Property Agreements（文学艺术品产权协定）Assignment（合同权利转让）Attorney-General（法律总顾问）Automatic Dissolution （自动散伙）Average Clauses（海损条款）Avoidance（解除）Bank Deposits（银行储蓄）Bases of In come T axatio n（所得税的征税依据/基础）Battle of the Forms（形式上的分歧/冲突）Bills of Lading （提单）Branch Banking（银行的分支机构）Business Form and Registered Capital （企业形式和注册资本）Business Forms（商业组织形式）Buyer's Remedies（买方可以采取的救济措施）Carriage of Goods by Air（航空货物运输）Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo In sura nce（海上货物运输及其保险）Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading（在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务）_Carrier's Immunities（承运人责任/义务的豁免）Cartels （企业联合/卡特尔）Categories of Investment Projects （外国投资的项目类别）Charterparties （租船合同）Charterparties by Demise （光船出租合同）Chi na's Fun dame ntal Policies for En courag ing Foreig n Inv estme nts（中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策）Choosing the Governing Law（准据法的选择）CIF （cost, insuranee and freight）（port ofdestination）（CIF 成本保险费加运费付至指定的目的港）Civil Law （民法法系）Clearanee and Settlement Procedures（交换和转让程序）Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks（银行跟单托收）Commercial Arbitration （国际商事仲裁）Commodity Arrangements（初级产品/农产品安排）Com mon En terprise Liability（企业的一般责任）Com mon Law （普通法系）Com mon Procedures in Handling Bills ofExcha nge （汇票处理的一般程序）Com mon Stock （股票）Company Taxpayers（公司/法人企业纳税人）Comparative Advantage（大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论）Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems（内国法系的比较研究）Compensation for Winding up （清算补偿）Comprehensive Agreements （综合性的协定）Compulsory Licenses（强制许可）Computation of Income（收入计算）Conformity of Goods（与合同约定相符合的货物）Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State（给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意）Con sideratio n in Common Law（英美法上的对价）Con temporary Intern ati onal Trade Law（当代国际贸易法）Con tract Law for the In ternatio nal Sale ofGoods（国际货物销售合同法）Con tract Liability of the Age nt （代理人的合同义务）Con tract Liability of the Prin cipal （委托人的合同义务）Con tractual Issues Excluded from the Coverageof CISG（排除在CISG 适用范围之外的合同问题）Copyrights （著作权/版权）Council for Trade-Related Aspects ofln tellectual PropertyRights（与知识产权有关的理事会）Coverage of Tax Treaties（税收条约的覆盖范围）Creation of Agency （代理创立）Creditors of Partners（合伙人的债权人）Curre ncy Crises: The Role of Mon etary Policy（金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位）Curre ncy Excha nge Obligatio ns of IMF MemberStates（国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务）Currency Exchange（外汇交易）Currency Support（资金/财政援助）Custom（习惯）Customs Valuation（海关估价协定）Debt Securities （债券）Decision Making within the WTO（WTO 内部决定作出机制）Deficie ncies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process（关税及贸易总协定1947 争端解决程序的不足）Defi nite Sum of Mo ney or Mon etary Un it ofAccou nt（确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位）Definition and Special Features（定义和特征）Delayed Bills of Lad in g（提单迟延）Denial of Justice（司法不公）Development Banks （发展银行）Direct Effect（直接效力）Direct Exporting（直接出口）Directors' and Officer's Duties to theCorporation（董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务）Dispute Settlement（争端的解决）Dissolution by Agreement （协议解散）Dissolution by Court Order （依法院令状散伙）Dissolution of the Partnership （散伙）Distributio n of Earnings and Recovery ofln vestme nts （收入分配和投资回收）Distribution to Shareholders （红利分配权）Doctrine of Imputability （归责原则）Documentary Formalities（文本格式要求）Double Taxation Provision（双重征税的规定）Double Taxation（双重征税）Duress （胁迫行为）Duties of Age nt and Prin cipal （代理人和委托人的义务）Duties of Age nt to Prin cipal （委托人的义务）Duties of Prin cipal to Age nt （代理人、的义务）Duty of Care in Partnership Business（对合伙事务尽心看护义务）Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith （忠诚和诚信义务）Effectiveness of an Offer（邀约/发盘的效力）Employme nt Laws in the Europea n Un io n（欧洲联盟雇佣/ 劳工法）Employme nt Sta ndards of the Orga ni zati on forEco no mic Cooperati on and Development（经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准）En forceme nt of Excha nge Con trol Regulati on sof IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行）En forceme nt of Foreig n Arbitral Awards in thePeople's Republic of Chi na（在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行）Enforcement of Foreign Judgment （夕卜国法院判决的执行）En forceme nt of Part nership Rights an dLiabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）En forceme nt of Securities Regulatio nsl nternatio nally（国际证券规则的执行）Environmental Regulation（环境规贝U）Escape Clause（免责条款）Euro-currency Deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）Europea n Commun ities - Regime for theImportatio n. Sale, and Distribution of Bananas（欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理）European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律）Exceptio non Adimpleti Con tractus in CivilLaw （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例夕卜）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performanee （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Exempti ons for New Members from IMF MemberState Currency Exchange Obligations（国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）Export Restrictions （出口限制）Exporting（出口）Expropriation（征收）Extraterritorial Applicatio n of U. S.Securities Laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance Ministry（财政部）Finance of International Trade（国际贸易的结算/支付）Finan ci ng Foreig n Trade（对外贸易的价金支付）FOB （free on hoard）（port of shipment）（FOB 装运港船上交货）Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（夕卜国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（夕卜国投资法）Formal and In formal Applicatio n Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Forsed Endorsements（虚假背书）Fraud Exception in Letters of CreditTransaction （信用证交易的欺诈例夕卜）Frauds on Bills of Lading（提单欺诈）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Free Zones（保税区/自由贸易区）Fun dame ntal Breach（根本违约）GATS Schedules of Specific Commitme nts（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）General Agreement on Trade in Services （服务贸易总协定）Gen eral Requireme nts and Rights of the Holderi n Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade （政府对贸易的管制）Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Governme ntal Sources of Cap ital（官方资金）Grant Back Provisions（回授的规定）Home state Regulation of Multi natio nalE nterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multi natio nalE nterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）川egality and In compete ncy（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定）IMF "Conditionality"（国际货币基金组织的制约性）IMF Facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）IMF Operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）IMF Quotas（国际货币基金的份额）Immun ities of States from the Jurisdicti on ofMuni cipal Courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）Import-Licensing Procedures（进口许可证程序协定）In come Categories（收入分类）In come Tax Rates（所得税税率）In come Taxes（所得税）In depe ndence Prin ciples and Rule of StrictComplia nee （信用证独立原贝U和单证严格相符规则）In direct Exporti ng（间接出口）In dustrial Property Agreeme nts （保护工业产权的协定）。

商事法律术语(英语)

四、商事法律会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law 产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company联营公司associated company; affiliated company国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right 非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology 劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements 注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw公司登记incorporation; corporate registration公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业closure of business公司和解company composition公司解散company dissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’ meeti ng股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’ meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund任意公积金optional accumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee 票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer on commercial instrument票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality 船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit 海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings 涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship 海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance信用保险credit insurance保证保险guaranty insurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit of insurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance; insurance compensation保险事故insurance accident保险赔偿insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim by subrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right of subrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging of insurance。

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照(三)

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照（三）Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）Enforcement of Securities Regulations Internationally（国际证券规则的执行）Environmental Regulation（环境规则）Escape Clause（免责条款）Euro-currency Deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas（欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理） European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律） Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例外）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performance （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Exemptions for New Members from IMF Member State Currency Exchange Obligations（国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation（征收）Extraterritorial Application of U. S. Securities Laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance Ministry（财政部）Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade（对外贸易的价金支付）FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)（ＦＯＢ装运港船上交货）Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（外国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（外国投资法）Formal and Informal Application Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Forsed Endorsements（虚假背书）Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外)Frauds on Bills of Lading（提单欺诈）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Free Zones（保税区/自由贸易区）Fundamental Breach（根本违约）GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Governmental Sources of Capital（官方资金）Grant Back Provisions（回授的规定）Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）Illegality and Incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定） IMF Conditionality (国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）IMF Operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）IMF Quotas（国际货币基金的份额）Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction of Municipal Courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）Import-Licensing Procedures（进口许可证程序协定）Income Categories（收入分类）Income Tax Rates（所得税税率）Income Taxes（所得税）Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance （信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则）Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements （保护工业产权的协定）。

国际商法名词解释

1.International commerce law:国际商法,是指调整国际商事主体和国际商事行为的俄各种法律规范的总称.它强调的是各国商人之间从事跨国境的商业活动,尤其是跨国间贸易和投资活动方面的法律规范.mon law :普通法, 在不同时期的判例的基础上发展起来、具备司法连贯性特征并在一定的司法共同体内普遍适用的各种原则、规则的总称3.Equity :衡平法, 是英国自14世纪末开始与普通法平行发展的、适用于民事案件的一种法律4.大陆法系；一般是指以罗马法为基础而形成和发展起来的一个完整的法律体系总称5.英美法系：是指英国中世纪以来的法律,是以普通法为基础的,与以罗马法为基础的民法法系相比较而存在的一种法律制度.实体法是指规定具体权利义务内容或者法律保护的具体情况的法律，如民法、合同法、婚姻法、公司法等等。

程序法是规定以保证权利和职权得以实现或行使，义务和责任得以履行的有关程序为主要内容的法律，如行政诉讼法、行政程序法、民事诉讼法、刑事诉讼法、立法程序法等等。

国际贸易法：国际之间的贸易关系以及与贸易有关的其他各种关系的法律规则。

（商事交易）国际商法：调整国际商事组织（公司、投资）与商事交易（买卖）的各种法规的总称。

强调各国商人（企业）之间从事商业活动，尤其是贸易和投资活动方面的法律规范。

英美法系：中世纪以来英国的法律以及受其影响或仿其模式制定的美国及其他国家法律的总称。

以普通法为基础的一中法律指读。

大陆法系：以罗马法为基础而形成和发展起来的一个完整的法律体系的总称。

独资企业（个人企业）：由一个出资者单独出资，并以自己的财产、对企业债务承担无限责任的经营实体。

特点：企业非法人，无独立财产合伙企业：由两个或者两个以上的合伙人通过订立协议，约定共同出自、合伙经营、共享收益、共担风险，并对合伙企业债务承担无限连带责任的盈利性组织。

特点：企业非法人，无限责任。

合作企业：由法定人数以上的社员出资组成的，在互助的基础上，以共同经营的方式谋求社员经济利益或提供生产和生活服务的社团法人。

商法专业术语

1、代理：指代理人按照本人的授权，代表本人同第三人订立合同或作其他的法律解释行为，由此而产生的权利与义务直接对本人发生效力。

2、意定代理：由本人的意思表示产生的代理权。

3、疏忽：指产品的生产者或销售者有疏忽之处，致使产品有缺陷，而且由于这种缺陷使消费者的人身或财产遭到损害，对此，该产品的生产者和销售者应承担责任。

4、国际贸易术语：是在国际贸易长期实践中形成的，用以确定买方和卖方在交货中的责任、费用和风险负担的一种国际贸易惯例。

5、要约：是一方向另一方提出的愿意按一定的条件同对方订立合同，并含有一旦要约被对方承诺时即对要约的一方产生约束力的一种意思表示。

6、要约引诱：又称邀请要约，其目的虽然也是为了订立合同，但它本身并不是一项要约而只是为了邀请对方向自己发出的要约。

7、要约的消灭：指要约失去效力，无论是要约人或受要约人均不再受要约的拘束。

承诺：接受要约人按照要约所指定的方式，对要约的内容表示同意的一种意思表示。

8、撤回承诺：是承诺人组织承诺发生效力的一种意思表示。

9、债的约因：指订约当事人产生该债务所追求的最接近和直接的目的。

10、所谓不当得利：指无法律上的原因，取得他人的财产或其它利益。

11、禁治产：是大陆法的术语，指的是因精神病会因有酒癖不能处理自己的事物，或因浪费成性有败家之虞者，经其亲属向法院提出请求，由法院宣告禁止其治理财产。

12、海上保险合同:保险：向被保险人承诺，于被保险人受到海上损失，即海上冒险所发生的损失时，应依约定的条款和数额，赔偿被保险人的合同。

13、保险价值：保险标的物在危险开始时的实际代值。

也叫可保价值。

14、委托：某人放弃权利或财产于他人。

海上保险的委托，是指被保险人把保险标的一切权利转让给保险人，而请求支付保险标的保险金额。

15提单：托运人向承运人托运货物，装船后，由船长或承运人的代理签发的，证明收到提单上所载明的货物，允诺将货物运至指定的目的地并支付与收货人的凭证。

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照表

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms（国际贸易术语通则解释）Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications（对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺）Acceptance（承诺/受盘）Act of State Doctrine（国家行为主义）Act of the Parties （当事人的行为）Administrative Management （经营管理）Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit（信用证的通知和确认）Agent for International Settlements（国际结算代理人）Agreement of the Parties（协议选择原则）Agriculture（农业协定）Alternative Dispute Resolution （ADR解决方式）Anticipatory Breach in Common Law （普通法上预期违约）Antidumping Authority（反倾销机构）Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor Laws Extraterritorially（内国劳工法律域外适用）Applying for a Letter of Credit（信用证的申请）Approval of Foreign Investment Applications（外国投资申请的批准）Arbitrage（套汇）Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses （仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款）Arbitration Tribunals（仲裁机构）Artistic Property Agreements（保护文学艺术作品的协定）Artistic Property Agreements（文学艺术品产权协定）Assignment（合同权利转让）Attorney-General（法律总顾问）Automatic Dissolution （自动散伙）Average Clauses（海损条款）Avoidance（解除）Bank Deposits（银行储蓄）Bases of Income Taxation（所得税的征税依据/基础）Battle of the Forms（形式上的分歧／冲突）Bills of Lading （提单）Branch Banking（银行的分支机构）Business Form and Registered Capital （企业形式和注册资本）Business Forms（商业组织形式）Buyer's Remedies（买方可以采取的救济措施）Carriage of Goods by Air（航空货物运输）Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo Insurance（海上货物运输及其保险）Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading（在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务）Carrier's Immunities（承运人责任/义务的豁免）Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects （外国投资的项目类别）Charterparties （租船合同）Charterparties by Demise （光船出租合同）China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments （中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策）Choosing the Governing Law（准据法的选择）CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port of destination) （ＣＩＦ成本＼保险费加运费付至指定的目的港）Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures（交换和转让程序）Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks（银行跟单托收）Commercial Arbitration （国际商事仲裁）Commodity Arrangements（初级产品/农产品安排）Common Enterprise Liability（企业的一般责任）Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange （汇票处理的一般程序）Common Stock （股票）Company Taxpayers（公司/法人企业纳税人）Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究) Compensation for Winding up （清算补偿）Comprehensive Agreements （综合性的协定）Compulsory Licenses（强制许可）Computation of Income（收入计算）Conformity of Goods（与合同约定相符合的货物）Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State（给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意）Consideration in Common Law（英美法上的对价）Contemporary International Trade Law（当代国际贸易法）Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods（国际货物销售合同法）Contract Liability of the Agent （代理人的合同义务）Contract Liability of the Principal （委托人的合同义务）Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverage of CISG（排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题）Copyrights （著作权/版权）Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（与知识产权有关的理事会）Coverage of Tax Treaties（税收条约的覆盖范围）Creation of Agency （代理创立）Creditors of Partners（合伙人的债权人）Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy（金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位）Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务）Currency Exchange（外汇交易）Currency Support（资金/财政援助）Custom（习惯）Customs Valuation（海关估价协定）Debt Securities （债券）Decision Making within the WTO（WTO内部决定作出机制）Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process （关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足）Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit of Account（确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位）Definition and Special Features（定义和特征）Delayed Bills of Lading（提单迟延）Denial of Justice（司法不公）Development Banks （发展银行）Direct Effect（直接效力）Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to the Corporation（董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务）Dispute Settlement（争端的解决）Dissolution by Agreement （协议解散）Dissolution by Court Order （依法院令状散伙）Dissolution of the Partnership （散伙）Distribution of Earnings and Recovery of Investments （收入分配和投资回收）Distribution to Shareholders （红利分配权）Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities（文本格式要求）Double Taxation Provision（双重征税的规定）Double Taxation（双重征税）Duress （胁迫行为）Duties of Agent and Principal （代理人和委托人的义务）Duties of Agent to Principal （委托人的义务）Duties of Principal to Agent （代理人、的义务）Duty of Care in Partnership Business（对合伙事务尽心看护义务）Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith （忠诚和诚信义务）Effectiveness of an Offer（邀约/发盘的效力）Employment Laws in the European Union（欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法）Employment Standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准）Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行）Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the People's Republic of China （在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行）Enforcement of Foreign Judgment （外国法院判决的执行）Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）Enforcement of Securities Regulations Internationally（国际证券规则的执行）Environmental Regulation（环境规则）Escape Clause（免责条款）Euro-currency Deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas（欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理）European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律）Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例外）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performance （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Exemptions for New Members from IMF Member State Currency Exchange Obligations（国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation（征收）Extraterritorial Application of U. S. Securities Laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance Ministry（财政部）Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade（对外贸易的价金支付）FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)（ＦＯＢ装运港船上交货）Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（外国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（外国投资法）Formal and Informal Application Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Forsed Endorsements（虚假背书）Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading（提单欺诈）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Free Zones（保税区/自由贸易区）Fundamental Breach（根本违约）GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Governmental Sources of Capital（官方资金）Grant Back Provisions（回授的规定）Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）Illegality and Incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定）IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）IMF Operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）IMF Quotas（国际货币基金的份额）Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction of Municipal Courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）Import-Licensing Procedures（进口许可证程序协定）Income Categories（收入分类）Income Tax Rates（所得税税率）Income Taxes（所得税）Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance （信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则）Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements （保护工业产权的协定）Innocent Misrepresentation（因无知的误解）Inquiry（调查）Insider Trading Regulations（内幕交易规则）Insurance Cover （保险范围）Integration of Company and Personal Income Taxes（公司和个人所得税的征收）Intellectual Property Right Law （知识产权法）International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes （解决投资争端国际中心）International Commercial Dispute Settlement （国际商事争端的解决）International Court of Justice （海牙联合国国际法院）International Factoring （国际保理）International Franchising(国际特许经营权)International Labor Standards（国际劳工标准）International Licensing Agreement(国际许可证协议)International Licensing Agreements （国际许可证协定）International Model Law(国际示范法)International Organizations(国际组织)International Persons（国际法主体）International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms(国际贸易术语解释通则)International Trade Customs and Usages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)International Treaties and Conventions(国际条约和公约)International Tribunals （国际法庭）Interpreting of the CISG (CISG的解释)Invitation Offer （要约邀请／要约引诱／询盘）Involuntary Dissolution （非自愿解散）Issuance of Securities（证券发行）Jurisdiction and Venue （管辖权和法院地）Jurisdiction in Civil Cases（民事案件的管辖权）Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases（刑事案件的管辖权）Know-how （技术秘密/专有技术）Lack of Genuine Link（缺乏真实的联系）Lack of Nationality（无国籍）Lack of Standing（身份不明）Law Applicable to Letters of Credit （调整信用证的法律）Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises of China （中国的外商投资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures（中华人民共和国中外合作企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Ventures （中华人民共和国中外合资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterprises（中华人民共和国外资企业法）Legal Characteristics （定义和法律特征）Legal Structure of the WTO （世界贸易组织的法律框架）Legal System of International Business(国际商事的法律体系)Letters of Credit (L/C)（信用证）Liabilities of Makers, Drawers, Drawees, Endorsers and Accommodation Parties（票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任）Liability for Environmental Damage（环境损害责任）Liability Limits（承运人责任/义务的限制）Licensing Regulations（许可证制度）Limitations on Foreign Equity（外国投资的资金比例限制）Limitations on the Excuses That Drawers and Makers Can Use to Avoid Paying Off a Bill or Note 661 （票据制作人、出票人拒绝付款借口的限制）Liquidated Damages （约定的损害赔偿金）Liquidation （清算）Maintaining Monetary Value（维护币值稳定）Major Principles of GATT 1994（关税及贸易总协定1947的主要原则）Marine Insurance Policies and Certificates （海运保险单和证书）Maritime Insurance（海运保险）Maritime Liens （留置权）Means of Delivery（根据交付方式）Mediation（调停/调解）Membership（成员）Memorandums of Understanding（谅解备忘录）Methods of Investment Contribution（出资方式）Mini-trial （模拟审判方式）Miscellaneous Taxes（混杂的，各种各样的税）Misrepresentation（误解）Mixed Sales（混合销售）Modification of Foreign In vestment Agreements（外国投资协议的修改）Money and Banking(货币与金融)Monopoly Control Authority (反垄断机构)Most Significant Relationship（最密切联系原则）Most-favored-nation Treatment （最惠国待遇原则）Movement of Workers（劳工流动）Multilateral Investment Guaranty Programs（多边投资担保计划／安排）Multilateral Trade Agreements（多边贸易协定）Multilateral Trade Negotiations （多边贸易谈判）Multinational Enterprise（跨国企业）Municipal Courts（国内法院的实践）Municipal Legal Systems（内国法系）National Foreign Investment Policies（内国的外国投资政策）National Investment Guarantee Programs（内国／国家投资担保计划／安排）National Law(国内法)National Monetary Systems（国内金融/货币体系）National Treatment （国民待遇原则）Nationality Principle（国籍原则）Negligent (innocent) Misrepresentation（因疏忽的误解）Negotiability of Bills and Negotiability of Notes（可流通的汇票和可流通的本票）Negotiation (谈判，议付)Noncompetition Clauses（限制竞争条款）Nondiscrimination（非歧视原则）Nonimputable Acts（免责行为）Nontariff Barriers to Trade(非关税贸易壁垒)Nonwrongful Dissolution （非不法原因散伙）Objections（异议）Obligations of the Parties （当事人各方的义务）Obligations of the Seller and the Buyer （买卖双方的合同义务）Offer （要约／发盘）Operation of Law （法律的原因而终止）Operational Reviews（营业审查）Opting In and Out（加入和退出）Organization of the IMF（国际货币基金组织的机构）Organizations Affiliated with the United Nations(联合国的相关组织) Overseas Private Investment Corporation（海外私人投资公司的案件）Parent Company（母公司）Passing of Property （产权的转移）Passing of Risk （风险的转移）Patents （专利权）Payable on Demand or at a Definite Time（付款要求或者在指定的付款时间）Payment of the Price（支付价款）Penalties for Noncompliance（对于不遵守法规的处罚）Perils and Losses（保险危险和损失）Persons Immune from Taxation（个人所得税的免除）Piercing the Corporate Veil（普通法上揭开公司的面纱/大陆法上公司人格否认原则）Place for Delivery（交付的地点）Post -Termination Relationship（代理终止后的有关问题）Powers during Winding up （合伙人在清算过程中的权力/权利）Practices and Usages（交易习惯和商业惯例）Preemption（先买权/优先权）Preshipment Inspection（装运前检验协定）Price-Fixing（定价）Private Insurers（私人／商业保险）Private Sources of Capital（私人资金）Products Liability Laws（产品质量法）Promissory Notes（本票）Promoter of International Monetary Cooperation（国际金融合作的促进者）Promoters（公司的发起人）Protection of Natural Resources（自然资源的保护）Protection of Subsidiaries（分支机构的保护制度）Protection of Workers' Rights by the Council of Europe（欧洲理事会关于劳工权利的保护）Protection through Tariffs（关税保护）Proving Foreign Law（外国法的查明）Provisions Governing Trade in Services in the North American Free Trade Agreement （北美自由贸易区协定中关于服务贸易的规定）Quality Controls（质量控制）Quantity and Field-of-Use Restrictions（对数量和使用领域的限制）Recognition and Enforcement of Awards （仲裁裁决的承认和执行）Recognition of Foreign Judgments（外国裁决的承认）Refusal to Exercise Jurisdiction（拒绝执行管辖权）Regional and International Development Agencies（区域性和国际性发展机构）Regional Integration（区域联合）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor（区域性政府间关于劳工的规定）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services（关于服务贸易的区域性政府间管理规则）Regional Monetary Systems（区域性金融体系）Regulation of Foreign Workers（外籍员工的的管理规定）Regulation of Pollution（防止污染规则）Relief（救济、赔偿）Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers（买卖双方都可以采取的救济措施）Remedies for Breach of Contract（违反合同的救济）Requests for Specific Performance（要求继续/特定履行）Residency Principle（居住地原则）Restrictions on Research and Development（对技术研究和发展的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of Intellectual Property Rights（知识产权保护期满后应用的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of the Licensing Agreement （知识产权使用许可合同期满后应用的限制）Right to Compensation （主张赔偿的权利）Rights and Duties （权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of Beneficiaries（收款人/收益人的权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of the Account Party（付款人/信用证帐户申请人的权利与义务）Rules of Origin（原产地规则）Rules of Private International Law（国际私法规则）Safeguards（保障措施协定）Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures（卫生与植物卫生措施协定）Scope and Coverage of GATT 1947 and GATT 1994 （关税及贸易总协定1947和1994文本的调整范围）Screening Foreign Investment Applications（对外国投资申请的筛选/审查）Sectoral Limitations（行业/部门限制）Securities and Exchange Commission（证券交易委员会）Securities Exchanges （证券交易所）Securities Regulations（证券规章）Seller's Obligations（卖方的义务）Seller's Remedies（卖方可以采取的救济措施）Settlement of Disputes between ILO Member States（国际劳工组织成员国之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes between Intergovernmental Organizations and Their Employees （政府间国际组织与它的雇员之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes in International Tribunals（在国际法庭解决争端）Settlement of Disputes in Municipal Courts（内国法院的争端解决途径）Settlement of Disputes through Diplomacy（通过外交途径解决争端）Settlement of Disputes through Municipal Courts （通过内国法院解决国际商事争端）Shareholders' Inspection and Information Rights（股东的监督和知情权）Shareholders' Lawsuits （股东的诉权）Shareholders' Meetings（股东会议/大会）Shareholders' Rights and Liabilities （股东的权利和责任）Sharp Practices （欺诈行为）Signed by the Maker or Drawer（票据制作人或者出票人签名）Source Principle（税收发生来源原则）Sources of Corporate Financing （公司资本的来源）Sources of Foreign Investment Law of China （中国外国投资法的渊源）Sources of International Business Law(国际商法的渊源)Sources of International Law（国际法的渊源）Sources of Investment （投资范围）Sovereign or State Immunity（国家主权豁免）Specialization(国际分工专门化)Standard of Care(给予外国人的待遇/关照标准)Start-Up Standards（设立标准）State Responsibility（国家责任）Statements and Conduct of the Parties（当事人的陈述和行为）Statutory Choice-of-Law Provisions （强制选择条款）Structure of the WTO（WTO的组织结构）Subordinate Business Structures（商业分支机构）Subsidies and Countervailing Measures（补贴与反补贴措施协定）Supervision of Foreign Investment（外国投资的监管）Supreme Court Decision（最高法院的裁决）Systems for Relief from Double Taxation（避免双重征税的救济体制）Takeover Regulations（接管/收购规则）Taking Delivery（接受交付）Tariff-based Import Restriction （约束进口关税）Tariffs(关税)Tax Avoidance（避税）Tax Evasion（逃税）Tax Incentives (税收激励)Tax Sparing（节税）Tax Treaties（税收条约）Taxation（税收）Taxpayers（纳税人）Technical Barriers to Trade（贸易的技术壁垒）Technology Transfer(技术转让)Termination of an Agency （代理的终止）Termination of Corporations （公司的终止）Territorial Restrictions（地区限制）Textiles and Clothing（纺织品和服装协定）The Acceptance（承诺／受盘）The Administrative Discretion of Screening Authorities（筛选/监管机构的管理权）The Anglo-American Common Law System(普通法系或者英美法系)The Applicable Procedure Law （应用的程序法）The Applicable Substantive Law（应用的实体法）The Bank for International Settlements（巴塞尔国际清算银行）The Bill of Exchange（汇票）The Board of Directors （董事会）The Bretton Woods System（布雷敦森林体系）The Business Form（商业组织形式）The Buyer's Right to Avoid the Contract（买方解除合同的权利）The Central Bank（中央银行）The Choice of Money（货币的选择）The Convention on Insider Trading（内幕交易的公约）The Drafting of the CISG(CISG的起草)the Economic Globalization （经济全球化）The Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations（乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果的最后文本）The Foreign Exchange Market（外汇交易市场）The Founding of GATT（关税及贸易总协定的成立）The Framework Agreement（协定的框架）The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关税及贸易总协定）The Importance of the Separate Legal Identity of Juridical Entities（跨国企业作为拥有独立法律地位的实体之重要性）The Interbank Deposit Market（银行间的储蓄市场）The International Labor Organization（国际劳工组织）The International Monetary Fund（国际货币基金组织）The International Standard(国际待遇/标准)The International Transfer of Intellectual Property（工业产权的国际转让）The Islamic Law System （伊斯兰法系）The Law Governing Bills of Exchange （调整汇票的法律制度）The Law of Agency （国际商事代理法）The Making of International Law （国际法的构成）The National Standard(国民待遇/标准)The Negotiation and Transfer of Bills and Notes（票据权利的转让和背书转让）The Obligations of Banks（银行的义务/责任）The Principal Characteristics（基本特征）The Role of Banks in Collecting and Paying Negotiable Instruments（银行在可流通票据的托收和付款中的角色）The Roman-Germanic Civil Law System(大陆法系或者罗马日耳曼法系)The Scope of International Law in Actual Practice （实践中国际法的范围）The Subordinate Structure（分支结构）The Transfer of Money（货币转移）The Turning Over of Documents（交付与货物有关的单证）The Uruguay Round（乌拉圭回合）The Value of Money（币值）The World Trade Organization (WTO) （世界贸易组织）The WTO Agreement （WTO协定）Third Party Relations of the Principal and the Agent （与委托人和代理人有关的第三人）Third-Party Claims and Personal Injuries（第三方的权利和人身伤害）Third-Party Rights (Himalaya Clause)（第三方的权利----喜玛拉亚条款）Time Charterparties （定期租船合同）Time for Delivery （交付的时间）Time Limitations（时效）Trade Barriers （贸易壁垒）Trade in Goods(货物贸易)Trade Liberalization Through Cooperation （通过合作实现贸易自由化）Trade Policy Review（贸易政策评审机制）Trade Terms（贸易术语）Trademarks（商标权）Trade-Related Investment Measures（与贸易有关的投资措施协定）Trading in Securities （证券交易）Transactions Covered in CISG（CISG适用的交易范围）Transnational Organized Labor（有组织的跨境服务的劳工）Transparency(透明度)Treaties and Conventions（条约和公约）Trial Court Decision（初等法院的裁决）Turnover Taxes（流转/交易税）Tying Clauses（搭售条款）Unconditional Promise or Order to Pay（无条件的付款承诺和要求）Unfair Competition Laws（不正当竞争法）UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC)(国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则,简称PICC)United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)(联合国国际货物销售合同公约,简称CISG)Validity and Formation of International Sale of Contracts（国际货物销售合同的成立和效力）Visas（签证）Voyage Charterparties （航次租船合同）Waivers（让渡、放弃）Winding Up （合伙清算）World Intellectual Property Organization（世界知识产权组织）World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织争端解决机制）Wrongful Dissolution （不法原因散伙）WTO Antidumping Agreement （世界贸易组织反倾销协议）WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织的争端解决程序）。

商法名词翻译

arbitration /.:bi'trei n/ n. ɑʃ仲裁precedent /pri'si:d nt/ n. ə先例，惯例publicist /'p blisist/ n. ʌ国际法学家jurisdiction /.d u ris'dik n/ n. ʒəʃə司法权审判权, 管辖权, 控制权prosecution /.pr si'kju:n/ n. ɔʃə诉讼, 起诉Inchoate /'ink ueit/ adj. ə不完整的，刚开始的，早期的，不成熟的breach of contract 违约，违背契约constitutive /'k nst .tju:tiv/ adj. ɔə宪法的，章程的；构成的ipso facto n. <拉>根据事实[行为]本身，因此jurisprudence /d u ris'pru:d ns/ n.ʒəə法律学，法学sovereign immunity 主权豁免estrada doctrine [法] 艾斯特拉主义territorial sovereignty 领土主权servitude /'s :vitju:d/ n. ə苦役，奴役estoppel /is't pl/ n. ɔ禁止翻供indemnity /in'demniti/ n. 赔偿, 补偿，保证(赔偿，免罚)；补偿金, 赔偿物status quo /steit s'kw u/ n. əə现状clean slate n. 清白历史municipal /mju:'nisip l/ adj. ə市的，市政的；地方政府的ratification /.rætifi'kei n/ n. ʃə批准，认可signatory /'sign t :ri/ n. əɔ签署者，签约国supremacy /sju'prem si/ n. ə至高，主权，最高权力或地位the European Court of First Instance 欧洲初审法院motion /'m u n/ n. əʃə提议，动议suffrage /'s frid / n. ʌʒ投票，选举权，参政权foreign reserve 外汇储备value-added tax n. (商品)增值税customs union n. 关税联盟Common External Tariffs 共同对外关税free trade area 自由贸易区municipal law 内国法，本国法，国内法family groupings 法系组成comparative law 比较法subfamily /s b'fæmili/ n.ʌ子系common law 普通法 civil law 民法corpus juris civilis [法] 国法大全，民法大全，民法典glossator /gl 'seit / n. ɔə评注者，注解者，注释者jus commune [法] 共有权laissez-faire n. 自由放任政策，放任主义(尤指资本主义国家的政府对工商业者的自由)public law n. 公法 /private law 私法pandectist n. 法令全书，法典，总论statutory law 成文法precedent /'presid nt/ adj. ə先前 n. 先例,惯例mediation 调停inquire 调查good offices n. 斡旋conciliation /k n'sili'ei n/ əʃə n. 调解secession /si'se n/ n. ʃə脱离, 分离annex /'æneks/ n. 附属物,附属建筑物vt. 并吞, 附加, 盖contentious jurisdiction 诉讼管辖权optional clause jurisdiction 选择性管辖reciprocity /.resi'pr siti/ n. ɔ相互性, 相互作用, 互惠主义self-judging reservation 自我判断保留advisory jurisdiction 咨询管辖权 stare decisis /'st :ri:di'saisis/ n. [ɑ拉]遵循先例，照章办事precedential /.presi'den l/ (ʃə作为)先例的appellate body 上诉机构consensus /k n'sens s/ n. əə共识，一致，合意waive /weiv/ vt. 丢弃,免除,推迟,搁置 remedy /'remidi/ n.救济；药物,治疗法vt. 治疗,补救,矫正juridical person n. 法人decree /di'kri:/ n. 法令,判决,天意 vt.通过法令颁布,裁定territoriality nexus 属地联系nationality nexus 国籍联系universality nexus 普遍性联系n personam/.inp's unæm/[əə拉] (=against a person)[律]对某人不利, 对人诉讼in rem /in'rem/ [拉](=against a thing) [律]对物(指判决的对象是物或财产)诉讼in personam jurisdiction 对人管辖权domicile /'d misail/ n.ɔ住所premium /'pri:mi m/ n.ə保险费；额外费用；奖金，奖品n. (商)溢价state immunity 国家豁免jure imperii 统治权jure gestionis 管理权tangible property有形财产/ intangible property无形财产intellectual property right 知识产权juridical right 裁判权choice of law 法律选择plaintiff /'pleintif/ n. 原告vesting of right [法] 授与权利vested right 既得权forum non conveniens [法]不方便法院judicial comity [法] 司法礼让anti-suit injunction 禁诉令appellant /'pel nt/ n.əə上诉人 adj.上诉的default judgment [法] 缺席裁判arbitral award 仲裁裁决/公断书impediment /im'pedim nt/ n.ə障碍countervail /'kaunt veil/ v.ə反补贴；偿补偿, 抵销export subsidy 出口津贴most-favored-nation principle 最惠国待遇原则preshipment inspection 装运前检验balance-of-payment 支付平衡waiver /'weiv/ n.ə放弃,弃权,弃权证书expiry /iks'pai ri/ n.ə逾期national treatment rule 国民待遇规则dumping /'d mpiŋ/ n.ʌ倾销subsidization /.s bsidai'zei n/ n.ʌʃə补助补助金free trade area 自由贸易区preferential export 优惠出口tariff /'tærif/ n. 关税, 价目表quota /'kw ut/ n.əə配额,限额,最低票数bound tariff rate 约束税率transparency /træns'pær nsi/ nəharmonized system 协调制度custom union 关税同盟interim /'int rim/ adj.ə中间的,暂时的,临时的escape clause n. 例外条款mandatory ban 强制禁止embargo /em'b:g u/ n.ɑə封港令，禁运禁止（通商sanitary /'sænit ri/ adj.ə卫生的, 清洁的phytosanitary /'fait usænit ri/ adj.əə植物检疫的, 控制植物(尤指农作物)病害的custom valuation code 海关估价守则transaction value 交易价格fallback /'f:lbæk/ n.ɔ后备, 降落物，撤退 adj. 后退的，应变的deductive value (DDV) 扣减价格computed value 计算价格derived value 引伸价格/派生价格local contents requirement 当地含量要求trade-balancing requirement 贸易平衡要求foreign exchange balancingrequirement 外汇平衡要求retardation /.ri:t:'dei n/ n.ɑʃə智力迟钝，阻滞capita /'keip t/ n.əə人均safeguard /'seifg:d/ n.ɑ保障措施 vt.保障customs tariff 关税率/海关税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒freight /freit/ n. 船货,运费,货运vt. 装货,运送,使充满（某种心情或口气）exempt /ig'zempt/ n. 免税者,被免除义务者 adj. 免除的vt. 免除due restraint 适当的克制rules of origin 原产地规则A.United Nations Convention onContracts for the International Sale ofGoods 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》contracting state 缔约国legality /li'gæliti/ n. 合法, 正当competency /'k mpit nsi/ n.ɔə（行为）能力, 胜任,技能preemption /pri'emp n/ n.ʃə优先；先买（权），先占subjective approach 主观方法objective intent 客观意图subjective intent 主观意图parol evidence rule 证言规则integration clause 并入条款，集成条款pro forma /pr u'f:m/ adj.əɔə形式的，预计的invoice /'inv is/ n.ɔ发票,发货单,货物vt. 开票,寄发票,开清单confirmation /.k nf'mei n/ n.ɔəʃə确认,证实counteroffer /'kaunt:f/ n.əɔə反要约fundamental breach 根本违约choice-of-forum clause 选择法院条款prerequisite /'pri:'rekwizit/ n. 先决条件 adj. 作为前提的, 必备的discretion /di'skre n/ n.ʃə谨慎,判断力,个人选择,选择的自由incoterms abbr. 国际贸易术语解释通则(=International Chamber of Commerce Terms）transshipment /'træns ipm nt/ n.ʃə转运in-transit 在途（中）nachfrist notice 延期通知nonconformity /.n nk n'f:miti/ n.ɔəɔ不符，不合格ratio /'rei i u/ n.ʃə比,比率installment contract 分期付款合同/分期分批履行的合同anticipatory avoidance 预期宣告合同无效good faith善意，诚信substitute /'s bstitju:t/ n.ʌ代替者, 代用品Excuses for Nonperformance 免责事由impediment /im'pedim nt/ n.ə障碍trade term 贸易术语，交货条件unitization n. 统一化(单元化)short sea 近海free on board 船上交货，离岸价格custody /'k st di/ n.ʌə监管，监护,拘留,监禁,羁押waybill /'weibil/ n. 运货单lighterage /'lait rid/ n.əʒ驳运, 驳运费wharfage /'(h)w:fid/ n.ɔʒ码头的使用费，码头的使用，码头业务bill of lading 提单customhouse n. 海关freight forwarders 货运代理broker /'br uk/ n.əə经纪人 vt. 安排，协商（协议的细节，尤指在两国间）consignment /k n'sainm nt/ n.(əə货物的)交托, 交货, 发货, 运送, 托付物consignee /k nsai'ni:/ n.ɔ收货人consignor /k n'sain/ n.əə发货人liability /.lai'biliti/ n.ə责任，债务surcharge /'s:.t:d/ n.əʃɑʒ额外费charterparty n. 租船合同common carriage 公共运输conference line 协会货轮independent line 独立货轮tramp vessel 不定期货船rebate /'ri:beit/ n. 回扣 vt. 减少,变钝clean bill of lading 清洁提单claused bill of lading 不清洁提单discrepancy /dis'krep nsi/ n.ə相差,差异,差别endorse /in'd:s/ vt.ɔ背书于，支持,赞同notation /n u'tei n/ n.əʃə记号法,表示法,注释shipper /'ip/ n.ʃə托运人carrier /'kæri/ n.ə承运人straight bill 记名提单order bill 指示提单bona fide /'b un'faidi/ adj.əə真诚的, 无欺的，名副其实的customary freight unit 习惯运费单位voyage charterparty 航程租赁合同/航次租赁合同dead freight n. 空舱费lay day n. 装卸日期demurrage /di'm rid/ n.ʌʒ滞期，滞期费discharge /dis't:d/ʃɑʒ卸货charterer 租船人，承租人 /shipowner船东time charterparty 定期租船合同maritime lien 海上留置权foreclosure /f:'kl u/ n.ɔəʒə没收salvage /'sælvid/ n.ʒ海上救助,打捞,抢救vt. 海上救助,打捞,抢救average clause 海损条款/分摊条款constructive total loss clause 推定全损条款particular average 单独海损general average 共同海损with average policy 海损保险单franchise clause 保险免赔率条款/特许责任条款underwriting /'ʌnd.raitiŋə/ n. 承销,保险业promissory note n. 本票drawee /drɔ:'i:/ n. 受票人，付款人uniform commercial code 统一商法法典endorser /in'dɔ:s/ n.ə背书人，转让人endorsee /.endɔ:'si:/ n. 被背书人，被转让人, 承受票据的人bearer /'bɛər/ n.ə持票人，带信人，承担人maturity /m'tju riti/ n. (əə支票等的)到期assignee /.æsai'ni:/ n. 受让人assignor n. 让与人bearer paper 无记名票据blank endorsement 不记名背书/空白背书qualified endorsement 附条件背书/限制背书/无追索权背书/修改性背书restrictive endorsement 限制性背书conditional endorsement 附条件背书special endorsement 特别背书/记名背书dishonor /dis'ɔn/ n.ə拒付，不名誉，羞辱bad faith adj. 不诚实(背信弃义) gross negligence 重大过失/严重过失holder in due course 正当持票人notary /'n ut ri/ n.əə公证人, 公证员documentary credit 跟单信用证banker's credit 银行信贷account party 开证申请人issuing bank n. 开证银行advising bank n. 通知银行beneficiary /.beni'fiʃəri/ n. 受益人sight bill n. [经]即期票据, 见票即付票据time bill n. 远期汇票debit /'debit/ n. 借方,借,借项,缺点 vt.记入借方sight payment 见票付款confirming bank 保兑银行rule of strict compliance 严格相符规则swap /swɔp/ n. 交换 vt. &vi. 交换,用...作交易。

(完整版)商法名词解释

最重点的名词解释1、商法：是以商事关系为调整对象的法律规范的总称。

2、商事关系：是指由商法所调整的商人从事市场经营活动所形成的社会关系，包括商事组织关系和商事交易关系。

3、营业自由是指在不违反法律的强制性规定和不违背公序良俗的前提下，任何人都享有组织营业的自由和从事营业活动的自由。

4、商主体：俗称为商人，是指依法取得商事主体资格，以自己的名义实施经营行为并能够独立享有和承担商事权利和义务的个人和组织。

5、商事能力包括商事权利能力和商事行为能力。

6、商事权利能力：是指据以充当商事主体，享有商事权利和承担商事义务的法律地位和法律资格，又称商事主体资格。

7、商事行为能力：是指商事主体据以独立参加商事法律关系、以自己的商事法律行为取得商事权利或承担商事义务的法律资格。

8、商业名称：又称商号，是商主体用以在营业商表示自己与其他商主体相区别的名称。

9、商事账簿：是指商主体为了表明其财产状况和经营状况而依法制作的用来记载其营业活动和资本运动状况的书面簿册。

10、商行为：又称商事行为，是指商主体所从事的以营利为目的的营业行为。

11、个人独资企业：指依法在中国境内设立的，由一个自然人投资，财产为投资个人所有，投资人以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任的经营实体。

12、合伙：是由合伙人共同约定出资，为了共同的目的，实行共同经营的联合体。

13、合伙企业：是两个以上的合伙人的集合，经过商事登记程序设立的经营性主体，具有团体的属性。

14、普通合伙企业：指由普通合伙人组成，合伙人对合伙企业债务承担无限连带责任的合伙企业。

15、合伙协议：是指两个以上合伙人为了设立合伙企业，实现共同的经济目的而达成的协议16、入伙：指合伙企业成立后，合伙人之外的第三人加入合伙企业并取得合伙人资格或地位的法律关系。

17、退伙：指合伙人退出合伙企业，从而丧失其合伙人资格的法律行为。

18、法定退伙：指非依合伙人本人的意思，而依法律规定的条件进行的退伙。

《商法学》商法英语词汇库

《商法学》商法英语词汇库商法总论商人法law merchant 商法commercial law mercantile Law Business Law 禁反言estoppel 商事关系commercial relation 主观主义标准standard of subjectivism 客观主义标准standard of objectivism商事法律关系Legal commercial relation商人人格关系commercial personality relation商事营业关系commercial business relation新商人主义标准Standard of neo- merchant creed 民商立法体制civil and commercial legislative system民商分立体制separation system of civil and commercial codes民商合一体combination system of civil and commercial codes分合折衷体制eclecticism legislative system主观意义的企业business客观意义的企业enterprise商主体merchant commercial person商行为commercial action商事代理commercial agent商业名称trade name行纪人broker公司corporation company合伙partnership合股公司joint-stock company特许公司chartered corporation注册公司registered corporation法定公司statutory corporation无限公司unlimited corporation有限责任公司limited corporation股份有限公司limited by shares母公司parent corporation子公司susbsidiaries上市公司quoted corporation公司集团groups 保证公司limited by guarantee慈善公司charitable corporation控股公司holding corporation; holding company公开公司publicly held corporation闭锁公司closely held corporation公公司a pub1ic company私公司a private company一人公司one-man company公司治理corporation governance公司人格corporation personality契约束nexus of contract公司法人格否认Disregard of Corporate Personality刺破公司面纱Piercing the Corporate Veil揭开公司面纱，Lifting the veil of the Corporation普通合伙general partnership有限合伙Limited partnerships合伙人partner有限责任limited liability 公司章程articles of association注册证书certificate of incorporation articles of incorporation发起人的受托义务Promoter’s fiduciary obligation认购协议subscription agreement既成事实公司de facto corporation法律上的公司de jure corporation公司设立瑕疵defective incorporation受托人义务fiduciary obligation结论性证据conclusive evidengce 股份share股息dividends 关联第三方connected third parties 出资（投资）invest 股东shareholder 小股东minority shareholder 单个股东individual shareholder 消极股东passive shareholder积极股东active shareholder 刺穿公司面纱pierce the corporate veil揭开公司面纱lifting the company veil逆向合并reverse merger收购公司acquiring company正向合并forward merger股权收购share acquisition收购公司acquiring company收购目标公司target company资产收购asset acquisition公司责任liability of corporation公司结构（组织）Corporation constructure董事director高级职员Officer股东权Powers of shareholder选任elect 解任remove年会（常会）annual meeting兼并merger解散dissolution自愿解散voluntary dissolution法院解散judicial dissolution清算liquidation wind up董事会board of directors累计投票权cumulative voting right任期term董事的延期holdover director董事的解除removal of director董事会会议directors’meeting公告notice法定人数quorum少数lower number绝对多数super majority自己表决present at vote多数higher number unanimous written consent objection by director委员会committee细则bylaw董事长president公司秘书secretary 股东诉讼shareholders action breaking quorum股东的信息获取权shareholders’informational right股东的帐簿与记录检查权shareholders’inspection of books and records公司融资corporation finance财务报告financial report损益表income statement资产负债表balance sheet年度报告annual report季度报告quarterly report掺水股票watered stock trust fund theory许可authorization发起人promoter营业执照trade charter票面价值par value misrepresentation theory优先购买权pre-emptive right库藏股treasury shares受托责任fiduciary duty public offerings of securities有价证券security权益证券equity security债务证券debt security债券bond filing of registration statement普通股common stock优先股preferred stock资本capital授权且己发行资本authorized and issued Capital授权资本（名义资本）authorized capital、nominal capital己发行资本issued capital已缴资本paid—up capital待缴资本uncalled capital 催缴股本called-up capital保留资本reserve capital股权资本equity capital 借贷资本loan capital声明股本stated capital票面价值par value,缩写为PV无票面价值no par value 缩写NPV 法定资本制legal capital system授权资本制system authorized Capital转投资reinvestment资本确定原则prinzipdesfesten grund kapitals资本维持原则principle of maintenance of capital资本不变原则Prinzipder Bestandingkedes Grund kapitals重组re-classified股票再分割sub-divide注销cancel注册资本the registered capital分配distribution 公司登记官the Registrar合并股份consolidate分割股份divide库存股treasure stock减资决议a resolution for reducing share capital红利股bonus shares雇员持股制度an employees’share system设立报告incorporators＇report 资本不足inadequate Capitalization最低资本额制度grundsatz des mindestgrund kapitals商业登记官the commercial Register授权资本额the amount of the authorized capital创立主义konstruktionsprinzip、Incorporation 净资产net assets、net worth资本盈余paid-in surplus缴付盈余paid-in surplus减资盈余reduction surplus泡沫法案The bubble act合股公司法The joint-stock companiesAct泡沫废止法The Bubble Act Repeal Act代理理论Principal-agent Theory契约的集合nexus of contracts越权行为ultra vires act特许公司中chartered corporation优先债权人senior creditor次位债权subordinated creditor公司治理corporate governance股东之公平对待the equitable treatment of shareholders股东之权利the rights of shareholders信息揭露及透明性disclosure and transparency董事会的责任the responsibilities of the board股权代理人proxy监事会aufsichtsrat , supervisor board董事与公司间之交易self-dealing动机不纯之公司行为corporate action with mixed motives挪用公司或股东财产the taking of corporate or shareholder property代表诉讼derivative suit少数股东权derivative action董事义务与责任shareholder' right and liability买回repurchase交叉持股cross ownership 重整corporate reorganization股东会shareholder meeting董事会board of directors独立董事Independent Director内部董事inside director公司经理人officer外部监察人outside supervisor 执行委员会executive committee 监察委员会audit committee 报酬委员会remuneration committee 提名委员会nominating committee 经营判断原则The Business Judgment Rule关系人交易conflict of interest股份收买请求权appraisal right资本不足under capitalization未遵守公司形式failure to follow corporate formalities公司财务报表、功能、或人员之重叠overlap of corporate records function or personnel资产混淆commingling of assets股东之支配能力shareholder domination不实陈述misrepresentation）诈欺fraud 具有支配权之股东dominant shareholder公司机会corporate opportunity无表决权股non-voting share多数表决权股multiple-voting share表决权信托voting trust认股选择权制度stock option新股认购权warrant章程(组织)大纲英国称为memorandum of association 和articles of association,而在美国则被称为articles 和bylaws。

国际商法名词解释+简答题

国际商法名词解释+简答题. 名词解释1.票据P302出票人依据票据法签发的、由其本人或委托他人无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的有价证券。

2.表见代理p216表见代理是指行为人虽无代理权，但由于本人的行为，造成了足以使善意第三人相信其有代理权的表象，而与善意第三人进行的、由本人承担法律后果的代理行为。

3.背书p309背书是指在票据背面或粘贴单上记载有关事项并签章的票据行为。

他是持票人以转让汇票权利或授权他人一定的汇票权利为目的，在汇票上所为的权利转让与的票据行为。

4.国际商事惯例p8是指在国际商事交往中，经过长期反复的国际实践逐渐形成的不成文的商事原则和规则。

5.票据行为p305是指能够直接产生票据关系的要式法律行为。

一般包括出票、背书承兑、参加承兑、保证、保付等六种行为。

6.抵押是指债务人或者第三人不转移财产的占有，将该财产作为债权担保，在债务人不履行债务时，债权人有权以该财产折价或以拍卖、变卖该财产的价款优先受偿的担保方式。

7. 仲裁p357仲裁是指发生争议的双方当事人，根据其在争议发生前或争议发生后所达成的协议，自愿将该争议提交中立第三方进行裁决并执行该裁决的一种争议解决方式的法律制度。

8 国际技术转让p234是指不同国家或地区的企业、其他组织或个人之间，技术转让方将有关制造某种产品、应用某种加工方式或提供某种技术服务的系统知识转让给技术受让方的行为。

9. 国际商法p1是调整国际商事交易活动及规范国际商事组织的各种法律规范的总称。

10 代理p214以他人的名义，在授权范围内进行对被代理人直接发生法律效力的法律行为。

11 不安抗辩权p183应当先履行债务的当事人，在有确切证据证明对方有经营状况严重恶化、为逃避债务而转移财产或抽逃资金、丧失商业信誉及其他情形的，可以终止履行。

12 产品责任p193产品责任是指由于产品有缺陷，造成了产品的消费者.使用者或其他第三者的人身伤害或财产损失，依法应由生产者或销售者分别或共同负责赔偿的一种法律责任。

《商法》名词解释完整版

名词解释证券法证券：资金需求者为了筹措长期资金而向社会公众发放由社会公众购买且能对一定的收入拥有请求权的投资凭证。

有价证券：证券案上所记载的权利为财产性的，标明持券人享有按约定期限取得证券上所记载的物权或债券权利的证书。

商品证券：证明持券人有权对一定数量的商品行使请求权的书面凭证。

货币证券：又称商业票据，指因商品交换和买卖关系而产生，证明持券人有权对票面上记载的，与商品交易价值相当的一定数量货币的请求权凭证。

资本证券：发行人以筹措资金为目的而发行的，记载投资人直接或间接享有投资收益和投资份额，并可以依法流通转让的权利证书。

政府证券：政府为了筹集财政资金和建设资金，凭其信誉，采用信用方式，按照一定程序向社会公众投资者出具的债权债务凭证券。

金融证券：由商业银行或非银行金融机构为筹集信贷资金而向投资者发行的，承诺到期还本付息的有价证券。

公司证券：公司为了筹集生产所需资金而发行的有价证券。

上市证券：又称为挂牌证券，指经证券监管机关的审查批准，在证券交易所办理注册登记后，获得资格在交易所进行公开买卖的有价证券。

非上市证券：未在证券交易所挂牌交易并允许公司在场外自行发行转让的证券。

股票：股份有限公司公开发行的、表明股票购买者享有的股东身份和权益，并据以获得股息和红利的可转让书面凭证。

债券:发行人向投资人出具的，在一定时期内有按约定的条件支付利息和到期归还本金的书面证明。

投资资金凭证：投资者投资于基金并按投资份额享受权利和承担义务的受益凭证。

证券法：调整和规范证券发行和交易关系、证券监督管理关系以及其他与证券相关关系的法律规范的总称。

证券发行：证券的发行人以筹集资金或者调整股权为目的、按照法定的条件和程序向社会公众出售证券并由购买者购买证券的法律行为。

公开发行：发行人面向社会公众即不特定的社会投资者而为的证券发行。

非公开发行：向少数特定的投资者进行的证券发行。

设立发行：发行人为设立股份有限公司，而向社会投资者发行股票的行为。

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国际商法International Business Law 国际公法Public International Law
国际私法International Private Law/ Conflict of law
民法civil law
英美法common law
讯问程序inquisitorial procedure
抗辩程序adversarial procedure
交叉询问cross-examinations
法官judge
陪审团juror
陪审团审讯jury trail
法官审讯bench trail
裁决verdict
判决judgement
管辖权jurisdiction law
成文法statute law
法律体系legal system
合理疑点reasonable doubts
合同法contract law
衡平法equity law
违法breach of contract
对价consideration
要约acceptance
反要约counter offer
要约邀请invitation for offer
损害detriment
担保warranty
产品责任法product lability law
缺陷defect
疏忽negligence
严格责任strict lability
代理agency
代理人agent
委托人principal
明示授权express authority
默示授权implied authority
实际授权actual authority
表面授权apparent authority
客观必须的代理agency of necessity 追认ratification
合伙协议partnership agreements
法人人格legal personality
法人实体legal entity 股东share holder
普通合伙企业general partnership
有限合伙人limited partner
无限连带责任unlimited joint and several lability
董事会board of directors
董事长chairman of the board
股东大会general meeting of the shareholder
非营利机构non-profit organization
公司人格cooperate personality
母公司parent company
子公司subsidiary
分公司branch
上市公司listing cooperation
虚假陈述misrepresentation
欺诈fraud
补救remedy
轻微违约minor breach
重大违约fundamental breach
预期违约anticipatory breach。

商法术语翻译

民商法英语词汇

民商法英语词汇

国际商法术语中英文对照

商法学英文单词和短语精选

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照

商事法律术语(英语)

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照(三)

国际商法 名词解释

商法专业术语

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照表

商法名词翻译

(完整版)商法名词解释

《商法学》商法英语词汇库

国际商法名词解释+简答题

《商法》 名词解释 完整版

国际商法名词解释

《商法》名词解释完整版