语言学论文 合作原则

The Presentation of Cooperative Principle in Gossip Girl

合作原则在《绯闻女孩》中的体现

Abstract:With the development of internet, Hoolywood movies and American TV series become increased in popularity in teenagers. This article attempts to

analysis the discourse in gossip girl with the cooperative principle in

pragmatics so as to emphasize the significance of exploring the

conversational implication with the help of a deep understanding of CP.

摘要：随着网络的发展，好莱坞电影和美剧越来越受到青少年的青睐。本文尝试用语用学中的合作原则分析《绯闻女孩》中的部分对话，从而说明

了深刻理解合作原则对挖掘会话含义的重要性。

Key words: cooperative principle, conversational implication, Gossip Girl

关键词：合作原则；会话含义；绯闻女孩

Guide Reading：

1.Opening paragraph

2.Cooperative principle of Grice and conversational implication

—the maxim of quantity

—the maxim of quality

—the maxim of relation

—the maxim of manner

3.Analysis of some examples from Gossip girl which violate the CP

—violation of the maxim of quantity

—violation of the maxim of quality

—violation of the maxim of relation

—violation of the maxim of manner

4.Conclusion

提纲：

1.引言

2.Grice的合作原则与会话含义

—量的原则

—质的原则

—关系原则

—方式原则

3.《绯闻女孩》中违反合作原则的实例分析

—违反量的原则

—违反质的原则

—违反关系原则

—违反方式原则

4.结语

Ⅰ. Opening

With the development of internet, Hoolywood movies and American TV series begin to grow popularity in teenagers. In fact, having the eye feast of American movies and TV series not only can arouse the interest of English learning but also offer chance to let English learners expose to the real accent of Americans. But because of the cultural differences between Chinese and English, it’s really hard to get the whole meaning of the conversations for Chinese students even if there are Chinese characters below to help. So if we learn and understand the Cooperative Principle which will sometimes cause conversational implication, it will be beneficial to our English learning and the appreciation of American TV series.

Ⅱ. Cooperative principle of Grice and Conversational Implication

As we all know, communication is the purpose of language. Pragmatics is to explain how language is used to effect successful communication and conversation which has drawn the attention of many scholars.

A philosopher and logician, Paul Grice made an attempt to explain the course of natural conversation, in which implied messages are frequently involved. His idea is that in making

conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate; otherwise, it would to be possible for them to carry on the talk. This general principle is called the Cooperative Principle, abbreviated as CP. To be more specific, there are four maxims under this general principle: —the maxim of quantity

1.Make your contribution as informative as required（for the current purpose of the

exchange）.

2.Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.

—the maxim of quality

1.Do not say what you believe to be false.

2.Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.

—the maxim of relation

Be relevant

—the maxim of manner

1.Avoid obscurity of expression.

2.Avoid ambiguity.

3.Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).

4.Be orderly.

It is interesting and important to note that while conversation participants nearly always observe the CP, they do not always observe these maxims strictly. These maxims can be violated for various reasons, but only when they are “flouted”, to use Grice’s t erm, the “conversational implications” occur. When we flout a maxim, our language becomes indirect. The following four conversations from Gossip Girl illustrate the violation of the four maxims and the resultant implications respectively.

Ⅲ. Analysis of some examples from Gossip girl which violate the CP

1. Violation of the maxim of quantity

Rufus: Dan, Jenny, over here!

Jenny: Hey, Dad！

Rufus: Hey，hey, you made it! Welcome back. How was your weekend? How’s your mom?