构词法之二派生法
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派生法又叫词缀法,是指在一个单词的前面或后面加上一个词缀,构成新词的方法。
前缀
①否定前缀
Un+形容词如:
Unhappy 不高兴的unlucky不走运的unimportant 不重要的unusual 不同寻常的unknown 未知的unfair 不公平的
un+副词如:unusually 不同寻常地unhappily 不高兴地
un+动词如:uncover 揭开untie 解开unlock 开锁undress 脱下衣服
im-/in+形容词如:impossible 不可能的impolite 不礼貌的incorrect 不正确的
incredible 难以置信的
mis-+动词如:misunderstand 误解misspell 误拼
dis-+动词如:dislike 不喜欢discover 发现disagree 不同意disappear 消失
②非否定前缀
en-+形容词或名词如:enable 使能够enlarge 使扩大enrich 使变富
encourage 使鼓足勇气
re-+动词如:retell 复述rebuild 重建
后缀
①名词后缀
A.构成表示人的名词的后缀
Traveller hunter reader worker keeper driver
Villager prisoner farmer lawyer
Foreigner stranger
Actor director inentor operator conductor visitor
Actress waitress
Mathematician politician musician
Chinese Japanese Portuguese
American Australian Canadian Indian Italian Russian
artist communist novelist physicist naturalist scientist
B.构成抽象名词与集体名词的后缀
movement government
judgement agreement
announcement operation
action invention pollution decision pronunciation
Friendship leadership hardship
②形容词后缀
Natural musicl spiritual electric plastic medical wooden woolen earthen golden
eastern western northern southern sloudy sunny rainy lucky funny sleepy noisy dusty healthy salty snowy windy dangerous famous serious
③副词后缀
quietly sadly fairly suddenly lately wholly probably suddenly certainly busily carefully fully finally possibly curiously finally easily
④动词后缀
deepen widen weaken redden darken brighten
⑤数词后缀
Thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen eighteen twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy fourth fifth sixth eighty ninth seventh