哥本哈根协议全文中英对照

Full text of the Copenhagen Accord
The Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers, and other heads of delegation present at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen,
In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2,
Being guided by the principles and provisions of the Convention,
Noting the results of work done by the two Ad hoc Working Groups,
Endorsing decision x/CP.15 on the Ad hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action and decision x/CMP.5 that requests the Ad hoc Working Group on Further Commitments of Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol to continue its work,
Have agreed on this Copenhagen Accord which is operational immediately.
1. We underline that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. We emphasize our strong political will to urgently combat climate change in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. To achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention to stabilize greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, we shall, recognizing the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius, on the basis of equity and in the context of sustainable development, enhance our long-term cooperative action to combat climate change. We recognize the critical impacts of climate change and the potential impacts of response measures on countries particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects and stress the need to establish a comprehensive adaptation programme including international support.
2. We agree that deep cuts in global emissions are required according to science, and as documented by the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report with a view to reduce global emissions so as to hold the increase in global temperature below 2 degrees Celsius, and take action to meet this objective consistent with science and on the basis of equity. We should cooperate in achieving the peaking of global and national emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that the time frame for peaking will be longer in developing countries and bearing in mind that social and economic development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing countries and that a low-emission development strategy is indispensable to sustainable development.
3. Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change and the potential impacts of response measures is a challenge faced by all countries. Enhanced action and international cooperation on adaptation is urgently required to ensure the implementation of the Convention by enabling and supporting the implementation of adaptation actions aimed at reducing vulnerability and building resilience in developing countries, especially in those that are particularly vulnerable, especially least developed countries, small island developing

States and Africa. We agree that developed countries shall provide adequate, predictable and sustainable financial resources, technology and capacity-building to support the implementation of adaptation action in developing countries.
4. Annex I Parties commit to implement individually or jointly the quantified economywide emissions targets for 2020, to be submitted in the format given in Appendix I by Annex I Parties to the secretariat by 31 January 2010 for compilation in an INF document. Annex I Parties that are Party to the Kyoto Protocol will thereby further strengthen the emissions reductions initiated by the Kyoto Protocol. Delivery of reductions and financing by developed countries will be measured, reported and verified in accordance with existing and any further guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties, and will ensure that accounting of such targets and finance is rigorous, robust and transparent.
5. Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention will implement mitigation actions, including those to be submitted to the secretariat by non-Annex I Parties in the format given in Appendix II by 31 January 2010, for compilation in an INF document, consistent with Article 4.1 and Article 4.7 and in the context of sustainable development. Least developed countries and small island developing States may undertake actions voluntarily and on the basis of support. Mitigation actions subsequently taken and envisaged by Non-Annex I Parties, including national inventory reports, shall be communicated through national communications consistent with Article 12.1(b) every two years on the basis of guidelines to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties. Those mitigation actions in national communications or otherwise communicated to the Secretariat will be added to the list in appendix II. Mitigation actions taken by Non-Annex I Parties will be subject to their domestic measurement, reporting and verification the result of which will be reported through their national communications every two years. Non-Annex I Parties will communicate information on the implementation of their actions through National Communications, with provisions for international consultations and analysis under clearly defined guidelines that will ensure that national sovereignty is respected. Nationally appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support will be recorded in a registry along with relevant technology, finance and capacity building support. Those actions supported will be added to the list in appendix II. These supported nationally appropriate mitigation actions will be subject to international measurement, reporting and verification in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties.
6. We recognize the crucial role of reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation and the need to enhance removals of greenhouse gas emission by forests and agree on the need to provide positive incentives to such actions through the i

mmediate establishment of a mechanism including REDD-plus, to enable the mobilization of financial resources from developed countries.
7. We decide to pursue various approaches, including opportunities to use markets, to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote mitigation actions. Developing countries, especially those with low emitting economies should be provided incentives to continue to develop on a low emission pathway.
8. Scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding as well as improved access shall be provided to developing countries, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, to enable and support enhanced action on mitigation, including substantial finance to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD-plus), adaptation, technology development and transfer and capacity-building, for enhanced implementation of the Convention. The collective commitment by developed countries is to provide new and additional resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions, approaching USD 30 billion for the period 2010. 2012 with balanced allocation between adaptation and mitigation. Funding for adaptation will be prioritized for the most vulnerable developing countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing States and Africa. In the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation, developed countries commit to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion dollars a year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries. This funding will come from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources of finance. New multilateral funding for adaptation will be delivered through effective and efficient fund arrangements, with a governance structure providing for equal representation of developed and developing countries. A significant portion of such funding should flow through the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund.
9. To this end, a High Level Panel will be established under the guidance of and accountable to the Conference of the Parties to study the contribution of the potential sources of revenue, including alternative sources of finance, towards meeting this goal.
10. We decide that the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund shall be established as an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the Convention to support projects, programme, policies and other activities in developing countries related to mitigation including REDD-plus, adaptation, capacitybuilding, technology development and transfer.
11. In order to enhance action on development and transfer of technology we decide to establish a Technology Mechanism to accelerate technology development and transfer in support of action on adaptation and mitigation that will be guided by a country-driven approach and be based on national circumstances and priorities.
12. We call for an assessment of the

implementation of this Accord to be completed by 2015, including in light of the Convention.s ultimate objective. This would include consideration of strengthening the long-term goal referencing various matters presented by the science, including in relation to temperature rises of 1.5 degrees Celsius.
各国领导人、政府首脑、官员以及其他出席本次在哥本哈根举行的联合国2009年气候变化会议的代表：
为最终达成本协议第二款所述的会议目标，在会议原则和愿景的指引下，考虑到两个特别工作组的工作成果，我们同意特别工作组关于长期合作行动的x/CP.15号决议，以及继续按照特别工作组x/CMP.5号决议要求，履行附录I根据《京都议定书》列出的各方义务。
我们同意此哥本哈根协议，并立即开始执行。
1.　我们强调，气候变化是我们当今面临的最重大挑战之一。我们强调对抗气候变化的强烈政治意愿，以及“共同但区别的责任”原则。为最终达成最终的会议目标，稳定温室气体在大气中的浓度以及防止全球气候继续恶化，我们必须在认识到每年全球气候升幅不应超过2摄氏度的科学观点后，在公正和可持续发展的基础上，加强长期合作以对抗气候变化。我们认识到气候变化的重大影响，以及对一些受害尤其严重的国家的应对措施的潜在影响，并强调建立一个全面的应对计划并争取国际支持的重要性。
2.　我们同意，从科学角度出发，必须大幅度减少全球碳排放，并应当依照IPCC第四次评估报告所述愿景，将每年全球气温升幅控制在2摄氏度以下，并在公平的基础上行动起来以达成上述基于科学研究的目标。我们应该合作起来以尽快实现全球和各国碳排放峰值，我们认识到发展中国家碳排放达到峰值的时间框架可能较长，并且认为社会和经济发展以及消除贫困对于发展中国家来说仍然是首要的以及更为重要的目标，不过低碳排放的发展战略对可持续发展而言是必不可少的。
3.　所有国家均面临气候变化的负面影响，为此应当支持并实行旨在降低发展中国家受害程度并加强其应对能力的行动，尤其是最不发达国家和位于小岛屿的发展中国家以及非洲国家，我们认为发达国家应当提供充足的、可预测的和持续的资金资源、技术以及经验，以支持发展中国家实行对抗气候变化举措。
4.　附录I各缔约方将在2010年1月31日之前向秘书处提交经济层面量化的2020年排放目标，并承诺单独或者联合执行这些目标。这些目标的格式如附录I所示。附录I国家中，属于《京都议定书》缔约方的都将进一步加强该议定书提出的碳减排。碳减排和发达国家的资金援助的衡量、报告和核实工作，都将根据现存的或者缔约方大会所采纳的

任何进一步的方针进行，并将确保这些目标和融资的计算是严格、健全、透明的。
5.　附录I非缔约方将根据第四条第一款和第四条第七款、在可持续发展的情况下实行延缓气候变化举措，包括在2010年1月31日之前按照附录II所列格式向秘书处递交的举措。最不发达国家及小岛屿发展中国家可以在得到扶持的情况下，自愿采取行动。
附录I非缔约方采取的和计划采取的减排措施应根据第十二条第一款(b)，以缔约方大会采纳的方针为前提，每两年通过国家间沟通来交流。这些通过国家间沟通或者向秘书处报告的减排措施将被添加进附录II的列表中。
附录I非缔约方采取的减排措施将需要对每两年通过国家间沟通进行报告结果在国内进行衡量、报告和审核。附录I非缔约方将根据那些将确保国家主权得到尊重的、明确界定的方针，通过国家间沟通，交流各国减排措施实施的相关信息，为国际会议和分析做好准备。寻求国际支持的合适的国家减排措施将与相关的技术和能力扶持一起登记在案。那些获得扶持的措施将被添加进附录II的列表中。
这些得到扶持的合适的国家减排措施将有待根据缔约方大会采纳的方针进行国际衡量、报告和审核。
6.　我们认识到，减少滥伐森林和森林退化引起的碳排放是至关重要的，我们需要提高森林对温室气体的清除量，我们认为有必要通过立即建立包括REDD+在内的机制，为这类举措提供正面激励，促进发达国家提供的援助资金的流动。
7.　我们决定采取各种方法，包括使用碳交易市场的机会，来提高减排措施的成本效益，促进减排措施的实行；应该给发展中国家提供激励，以促使发展中国家实行低排放发展战略。
8.　在符合大会相关规定的前提下，应向发展中国家提供更多的、新的、额外的以及可预测的和充足的资金，并且令发展中国家更容易获取资金，以支持发展中国家采取延缓气候变化的举措，包括提供大量资金以减少滥砍滥伐和森林退化产生的碳排放(REDD+)、支持技术开发和转让、提高减排能力等，从而提高该协定的执行力。
发达国家所作出的广泛承诺将向发展中国家提供新的额外资金，包括通过国际机构进行的林业保护和投资、在2010年至2012年期间提供300亿美元。对于那些最容易受到冲击的发展中国家如最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家以及非洲国家而言，为该协定的采用提供融资支持将是最优先的任务。
在实际延缓气候变化举措和实行减排措施透明的背景下，发达国家承诺在2020年以前每年筹集1000亿美元资金用于解决发展中国家的减排需求。这些资金将有多种来源，包括政府资金和私人资金、双边

和多边筹资，以及另类资金来源。多边资金的发放将通过实际和高效的资金安排，以及为发达国家和发展中国家提供平等代表权的治理架构来实现。此类资金中的很大一部分将通过哥本哈根绿色气候基金(Copenhagen Green Climate Fund)来发放。
9.　最后，为达成这一目标，一个高水准的工作小组将在缔约方会议的指导下建立并对会议负责，以研究潜在资金资源的贡献度，包括另类资金来源。
10. 我们决定，应该建立哥本哈根气候基金，并将该基金作为缔约方协议的金融机制的运作实体，以支持发展中国家包括REDD+、适应性行动、产能建设以及技术研发和转让等用于延缓气候变化的方案、项目、政策及其他活动。
11. 为了促进技术开发与转让，我们决定建立技术机制(Technology　Mechanism)，以加快技术研发和转让，支持适应和延缓气候变化的行动。这些行动将由各国主动实行，并基于各国国情确定优先顺序。
12. 我们呼吁，在2015年结束以前完成对该协议及其执行情况的评估，包括该协议的最终目标。这一评估还应包括加强长期目标，比如将每年全球平均气温升幅控制在1.5摄氏度以内等。

处女作 maiden work(In 1994, he got a bank loan for his maiden work.他1994年为自己的处女作拿到了一笔银行贷款。) (2009-12-22)

试映 test screening(He explained that after the test screening, the young audience members made very valuable suggestions.他解释说在试映结束后，这些年轻的会员观众提出了十分宝贵的建议。) (2009-12-21)

医疗游客 medical tourist(Estimates say that 1 in 30 Argentines has gone under the knife, making surgeons here some of the most experienced on the globe, attracting large number of medical tourists.据估计每30个阿根廷人里就有一个人做过手术，这也使当地产生了世界上手术技巧最娴熟的一些整形医师，并因此吸引了大批医疗游客。) (2009-12-18)

贫富差距 wealth gap(Amid a widening wealth gap between rich and poor, a new survey has found that 96 percent of the public said they feel resentful toward the rich.面对不断加大的贫富差距，最新相关调查显示，有96%的受访者承认自己有仇富心理。) (2009-12-17)

外来物种 alien species(China is threatened by more than 400 invasive alien species, which has caused billions of yuan of economic losses, an agricultural official said Monday.农业部一位官员本周一称，中国正受到超过400种入侵的外来物种的威胁，每年给中国造成的经济损失高达数十亿元。) (2009-12-16)

私人侦探 private detective(Because of an editing error, a story on Page A1 of yesterday's Times incorrectly reported that the Bourne town administrator will hire aprivate detective within the next month to investigate personnel issues at the Bourne Fire Depar

tment.由于编辑失误，昨天《泰晤士报》的头版新闻出现了错误报道，称伯恩镇的官员将在未来一个月内雇佣一位私人侦探调查伯恩镇消防队的人事问题。) (2009-12-15)

电视派生剧 TV spin-off(Robert Pattinson is in negotiations with bosses at Summit Entertainment regarding the TV spin-off, according to Contactmusic.据英国媒体Contactmusic的消息，罗伯特?帕丁森正在与顶峰娱乐公司的老总们就拍摄电视派生剧进行协商。) (2009-12-14)

慈善餐会 giveaway buffet(L.A. launches annual Thanksgiving giveaway buffet—Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa hosted the city's annual Thanksgiving giveaway Tuesday as similar charity events took place throughout the city, two days ahead of the official holiday.洛杉矶举办一年一度的感恩节慈善餐会——洛杉矶市长安东尼奥?维拉莱果萨本周二主持了该市一年一度的感恩节慈善餐会，类似的慈善活动在距离感恩节正式到来还有两天的时候就在全城开展起来了。) (2009-12-11)

补习班 tutoring center(Macao's Education and Youth Affairs Bureau has ordered two local privatetutoring centers to be temporarily shut down as it received reports of a sexual abuse cases involving the two centers and young boys, the Macao Post Daily reported on Friday.据《澳门邮报》周五报道，澳门教育暨青年局下令暂时关闭两家当地的私立补习班，因为该局收到有关这两家补习班对男生进行性虐待的报告。) (2009-12-10)

气荒 gas shortage(Energy analysts have blamed the country's "monopolistic natural gas market" for one of the most serious gas shortages in decades, made worse by high gas consumption amid freezing temperatures and snowstorms in the south.能源分析家们把这次几十年来罕见的严重“气荒”归咎为国内“天然气市场的垄断”。南方低温和暴风雪天气致使天然气消耗居高，从而使得此次“气荒”更加严重。) (2009-12-09)

人口红利 demographic dividend(The "demographic dividend" has long been thought an important source of China's remarkable economic performance. According to World Bank estimates, China's advantageous population age structure brought about by such a dividend has contributed more than 30 percent to the country's economic growth over the past decades.“人口红利”一直被视为中国经济增长奇迹的重要源泉。据世界银行估计，人口红利带来的人口年龄结构优势对中国近几十年来经济增长的贡献达到了30%以上。) (2009-12-08)

网络发言人 web spokesman(China's Ministry of Health is preparing for the launch of aweb spokesman to better inform the public, explain policies and respond timely to questions, according to a ministry official.据卫生部官员透露，卫生部正准备设立一个网络新闻发言人，目的是更好地把信息传达给公众，对政策做出解释，对各种问题

及时做出解答。) (2009-12-07)

断电 power outage(Unusually cold weather and the resulting soaring energy consumption for heating have caused power outages and shortages of natural gas in parts of central and eastern China.异常寒冷的天气和随之而来热能消耗的剧增导致华中和华东部分地区断电和天然气的短缺。) (2009-12-04)

音像制品 audio-visual product(China lodged an appeal on Tuesday over a World Trade Organization (WTO) panel ruling which said its regulations on the import and distribution of books and audio-visual products are not in compliance with world trade rules.近日世贸组织专家组裁定中国对于出版物和音像制品进口和分销方面的条规和世贸组织规则不相符，周二中国就这一裁决结果提出上诉。) (2009-12-03)

加长版 extended edition(In April, the 87-year-old Reader's Digest, the most popular general interest magazine in the United States, published its first extended edition in China to enrich the content of the magazine with pictures and words.四月份，美国最受欢迎的综合性人文杂志《读者文摘》在中国出版了第一辑加长版，用更多的图片和文字使杂志内容更丰富。《读者文摘》至今已经走过了87个春秋。) (2009-12-02)