译林牛津版高中英语必修一语法讲解限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

：：梁晓

概念引入：

He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。

I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree.

(我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。)

Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook.

我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人

She was not on the train which arrived just now。

她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上

语法点拨

什么是定语从句？

修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有：

关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that

关系副词：when, where, why

我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句：

1. This is our school. It is beautiful.

→This is our school which is beautiful.

2. This is our school. We study in our school.

→This is our school which we study in.

→This is our school in which we study.

→This is our school where we study.

3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber.

→Do you know the room which is made of amber?

4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news.

→I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.

从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出：

先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。

1. A plane is a machine that can fly.

the machine = that

2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai.

the boy =who

3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather.

the boy’s =whose

【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】

限制性和非限制性定语从句：

什么是限制性定语从句？

•Anyone should be punished.

→ Anyone who breaks the rules should be punished.

•也就是说，如果一个句子去掉定语从句后，主句的意思不是所要表明的意思，那么这个定语从句就是限制性定语从句。

什么是非限制性定语从句？

就是不用限制先行词的定语从句。译成汉语时，主句和从句可以分别翻译，互不影响。最大的特点就是先行词后面有逗号隔开。

•She is good at speaking French, which she learned at school.

•This book was written by Jack, who was here a moment ago.

•I have some friends, some of whom are teachers.

非限制性定语从句的连接词可以用who, whom或whose, which。不用that，也不能省略。

•She had eight children, three of whom became soldiers.

•Their teacher is a Japanese, whose wife is a Chinese.

•My sister, who is a nurse, got married last month.

•China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.

非限制性定语从句还可以用when或where引起。

•She is going to Shanghai, where she was born.

•We will go home next week, when we won’t be so busy.a

•除了前面提到的那些连接词以外，在下面两种情况下还可以用as作为定语从句的连接词。

1. 当先行词在从句中做主语或者宾语的时候，同时先行词又被same、so或者such修饰的时候。

非限制性定语从句除了可以修饰词以外, 还可以修饰前面整个句子。

•They invited me to their party, which is very kind of them.

•I was late for school again, which made my teacher very angry.

• A student killed his English teacher, which frightened me very much.

•Such people as you said are not good.

•Let’s discuss only such questions as are interesting to all of us.

•I have the same trouble as you have.

•I feel just the same as you do.

•He is so good a teacher as I like very much.

•Those are so difficult the questions as he asked.

2. 在非限定性定语从句中，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。

•As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

•Smoking is harmful to one’s health, which is known to all.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：

上述定语从句都是我们已经学过的限制性定语从句。所谓限制性定语从句，是指定语从句部分对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that, which, whom, who, whose以及关系副词when, where, why等，没有逗号把从句与先行词分开。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。

Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting?

你认识那个正在会上讲话的教授吗？

Where is the book which I bought this morning?

我今天上午买的书在哪儿呢？

此外，还有一类非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。用法其实与限制性定语从句极为