虚拟语气2
虚拟语气2
5. 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人 谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气的委婉。 It would be better for you not to staind enough to open the door?
虚拟语气句型
8. It’s necessary/important that sb. (should) do sth. With the society developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer.
She talks about Rome as though she had been there herself.
He treats me as if I were a stranger. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. 注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那 么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈 述语气。
If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?
虚拟语气句型
4. If + only 引起的感叹句， 相当于“How I wish + 宾语从句” “但愿…… , 要是……就好了” If only he could come!
I wish it wouldn’t rain tomorrow.
2. 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的
宾语从句中，常见的动词有：
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结一、表达假设和条件的情况：1.客观条件假设：如果句子的条件部分与现实相符，虚拟语气使用第一虚拟式；如果条件部分与现实相反，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我有时间，我就去你家。
- Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich zu dir kommen.2.主观条件假设：当句子表达的条件是与说话人主观判断有关的情况时，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我是你，我就不买那件衣服。
- Wenn ich du wäre, würde ich das Kleid nicht kaufen.二、表达愿望和建议的情况：1.表达愿望：使用"ich hoffe", "ich wünsche mir", "ich hätte gern"等表达愿望的动词，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我希望我能和你一起去旅行。
- Ich hoffe, dass ich mit dir verreisen könnte.2.表达建议：使用"ich würde vorschlagen"、"es wäre besser"等表达建议的句型时，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我建议你明天早点来。
- Ich würde vorschlagen, dass du morgen früher kommst.三、其他用法：1. 与"dürfen"连用，表示礼貌的建议或请求。
例如：- Du dürftest besser das Fenster schließen.-你最好关上窗户。
2. 表达抱怨或愤怒的情绪，通常通过"es ist schade"或"es ist unzufrieden"等表达方式。
【英语学习方法】英语语法 虚拟语气2
【英语学习方法】英语语法虚拟语气2虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might 动词原形。
If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might have 过去分词。
If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should 动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might 动词原形。
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have 的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
虚拟语气2
Attention:
5、6两种句式也可以用于陈述语气。如：
It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
It’s a pity that you can’t dance. --- Peter is John’s brother. --- It’s no wonder that he looks like John.
虚拟语气的特殊形式 虚拟语气形式
It is high time the child ________ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent
本课小结
一、 虚拟语气形式 用(should) + do的情况 二、 虚拟语气形式 将原来的时态向前推一个时态的情况
practice
1. It is required that you ____ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 2. It is really strange that the girl ___ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry
The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing
虚拟语气 (2)
与将来事实相反 虚拟条件句 主句
should/would/ did should do could/might were to do +do
表示与将来事实相反，条件状 语从句中的谓语动词一般过去 时或should(were to) + 动词 原形，而主句中的谓语动词则 用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。
Eg: If you___hard at school, you___ a college student now and would get a good job in the future.
A.had studied; would have been B.would have been; could be
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
（2）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示 与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主 观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用 过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用 were）。 I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。 I wish I knew the answer to the question.
Had they had time, they would have come and helped us.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
Were it to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
虚拟语气2
→If the sun hadn’t been in the right direction, the photographs wouldn’t have come out very well.
4 Since I know the meaning of the word, I don’t have to look it up.
2 The shop didn’t pack the goods properly, so they got damaged.
→If the shop had packed the goods properly, they wouldn’t have got damaged.
3 As the sun was in the right direction, the photographs came out very well.
一、wish 后的宾语从句 1 我要是知道他的地址就好了。 I wish … 2她真希望她没有说过这话。 She wishes …
1 我要是知道他的地址就好了。 I wish I knew his address. 2她真希望她没有说过这话。 She wishes she hadn’t said it.
They require that I (should) go at once. 他们要求我立刻走。 He insisted that his daughter (should) come. 他坚持要他女儿来。 四、用于主语从句中 在主语从句中，虚拟语气“should + 动 词原形”或将should 省略只用动词原形。 这种主语从句由连词that引导t is going to snow.仿佛 要下雪。（事实上马上就要下雪。） It seems as if the boy has lost his way. 这个男孩好像迷了路。（事实 上男孩真可能迷路了。）
Day 10(虚拟语气2)
Subjunctive mood
2. If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night, ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
you would meet John already you won’t have missed John you will have met John you would have met John.
Subjunctive mood
3. Supposing this ship ___, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all passengers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Was sinking Has sunk Were to sink e not were it not will make
Subjunctive mood
5. The teacher suggested that each student ___ a plan for the vacation.
A.
B. C. D.
made make makes will make
Subjunctive mood
4. The insect would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ___ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
A. B. C. D.
观察与对比
If you had come earlier yesterday, you would have seen him then. If you had come earlier yesterday, you would not be criticized by the manager this morning.
虚拟语气2should+v
Practice
1. He B have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should
B.must
C.wouldn't
D.can't
3. It is requested that the meeting (should) be put off.
主语从句
4. His suggestion was that you (should) try once more.
表语从句
5. She made the demand that the journalists leave at once for Iraq.
wouldn't have done 本不会做而做了 couldn't have done 本不能够做而做了 needn’t have done 本没必要丛而做了
Grammar is logical !
区别“本系列” & 情态动词对过去的推测
must have done:过去一定做过某事 can/ could have done: 过去可能做过某事 may/might have done：过去可能做郭某事（could have done比might have done语气更强） couldn’t have done：过去不可能做过某事
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
2. It is strange _th_a_t_h_e_s_h_o_u_ld__b_e_co_m__e_m__y_fr_ie_n_d_.(become) 他竟然成为我的朋友，真是奇怪。
虚拟语气2
他坚决要求我到场。(insist)
国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。(order)
他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。(request)
我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
We suggested that
Tom （should）have a rest.
他坚决要求我到场。
He insisted that I (should ) be present.
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required…. that从句中用(should )+动词原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中从 句也常用(should )+动词原型 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come today. I would rather you came tomorrow.
4. as if /though + 从句
现在： 过去时 过去： 过去完成时
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。
虚拟语气二
It’s 你该走了。 high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去睡觉了 It’s time that we went to bed. 。 It’s time that we should go to bed.
• 8.(2003上海春季高考题 上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble 上海春季高考题 I am in! If only I ________ your advice. • A.followed B.would follow • C.had followed D.should follow • 9.She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it. ， ’ • A.hadn’t spoken B.shouldn’t ’ ’ speak • C.wouldn’t speak D.not speak ’
虚拟语气
3. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱 though his 吃得饱), 吃得饱 parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 4. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 5. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
2虚拟语气
虚拟语气( Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气表示所说的话不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、疑惑、条件或与事实相反的情况。
e.g. I wish it were over.If she had time today, she would come.It’s necessary that we should start at once.虚拟语气不只是表达“假设”与“空想”，它还可以用来表达猜测、建议，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌，是一种委婉的语气。
e.g. If I had seen her yesterday, I should have spoken to her, but I did not see her.He suggested that we (should) come another day.If you kept on, you would succeed.一、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句( If从句及主句)中的形式及其使用1）与现在事实相反的非真实条件状语从句If I had a bike, I would lend it to you.If I were you, I shouldn’t believe that.2）与过去事实相反的非真实条件状语从句e.g. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.If you had come earlier, you would/ might have met him.If he had been here last week, he would have helped you.3）与将来事实相反的非真实条件状语从句e.g. If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.If they made that mistake again, they would be punishedIf he were here, everything would be all right.注意：主句中第一人称后多用should, 但美英中多用would.4）虚拟语气条件句时态的交错用法：当从句与主句的动作不是同时发生时，这时就要分别根据各自发生的时间，选用相对的虚拟语气。
高中英语真题-虚拟语气(二)
虚拟语气（二）上期我们学习了非真实条件句中虚拟语气的运用，本期我们将重点讲解虚拟语气在其它句式中的运用。
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句◆wish后的宾语从句从句谓语可用一般过去式（be动词多用were）表示与现在事实相反的假设；用“had +过去分词”表示与过去事实相反的假设；用“would +动词原形”表示一种希望。
如：I wish I were a bit taller.I wish I had more time.I wish you hadn’t told me all this.I wish you would stay a little longer.◆w ould rather后的宾语从句从句谓语多用相当于过去式的形式，表示现在或将来的情况。
如：—Do you mind if I smoke here?—I’d rather you didn’t.Nancy would rather came to see her tomorrow.◆在command, demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, sug gest, urge等表示要求、坚持、命令、建议、愿望等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：They demanded that the report (should) be made public. Barbara insisted that I (should) stay and fight.注意：①当suggest表示“暗示，说明”，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句谓语不用虚拟语气，而用正常的陈述语气。
如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.She kept insisting that she was innocent.②suggestion, order, request, insistence等名词后的that从句中，谓语也用虚拟语气，即：“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
虚拟语气2
虚拟语气（2）一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.一“坚持” (insist) ,二“命令” (order, command) ,四“建议” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) , + (that) sb (should) do ...五“要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire)(that) sb / sth (should) be done【翻译】我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
他坚持要我与他同行。
他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。
老师要求作业要及时完成。
2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用（should ）do1）It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday.2）The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.3）The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.【熟记下列句型】*It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded …that …(should) do *The / One’s insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that …(should) do*a / the suggestion / request (等) that … (should) do…3. wish 的宾语从句与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Wish 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: would/could +V.原(不用should)二、虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1. would ratherI would rather you returned me my money now.I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather we hadn’t told her the bad news yesterday.与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Would rather 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: 一般过去时2. as if / as though1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生(可以理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as if he______(own) the house.He behaves as if he ______ (be) the owner of the house.2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前(可以理解成与过去事实相反)She talked about Rome as though she __________ (be) there herself.3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后(可以理解成与将来事实相反)He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
虚拟语气虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。
1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用“常用在It is (was)+形容词/ 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。
主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。
should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。
It's important that we（should）work out a plan. （带有“要求”的含义）It's better that he go at once. （带有“建议”的意思）☆用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：necessary，important，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essential，reserved，urgent，等。
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．It's strange that he should say so.I was glad that he should go.It is important that we should speak politely.It is a pity that she should fare so badly.It's right that you should think that way.☆用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised 等。
It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture．It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．I’m ashamed you should have done such a thing.It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．有人建议推迟会议。
It is settled that you leave us, then?注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。
2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1). 宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。
如：The doctor suggested that he not go there．医生建议他不要去那里。
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。
2). wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。
☆从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
I wish it were true．我但愿这是真的。
☆从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一会儿。
☆表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”或“could（would，might）+have+过去分词”I wish you had called yesterday．我希望你昨天来过电话。
We wish you had come to our New Year’s party.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。
3). would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。
☆表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式☆用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I’d sooner she left the he avy end of the work to some one else.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
4). 有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。
如：I never thought he should refuse.我万没有想到他会拒绝。
She did not expect that you should come.她没有预料你会来。
3. 虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them.我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
My advice is that you (should) treat her well.我的忠告是你应该善待她。
He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once.他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。
注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。
如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
4. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用常用在It is time (that)…句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式It is time the children went to bed.孩子们早该上床睡觉了。
（表示催促）It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money.他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。
It is time we left.我们该走了。
It is time we went to bed.我们该去睡觉了。
5. 虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！God bless you! 上帝保佑你。
God damn it! 该死的！The devil take you! 见鬼去吧！So be it then. 就那样吧。
6. 虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系：从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。
1) 用于主语从句。
试比较：It is important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
It was important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
2) 用于宾语从句。
试比较：I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建议我们明天走。
I suggested that we should go the next day.我建议我们第二天走。
She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她说，“我如是男孩，就参军。
”She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她说她如是男孩就参军。
但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。
试比较：“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said.“假如我知道它是如何运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，”他说道。
He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.他说假如他知道它是如何运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办。
“If I knew the answer to all your questions I'd be a genius,” he said.“我如知道你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了。
”他说道。
He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, he’d be a genius.他说他如知道我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了。
但如果全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。
如：I would think he was wrong.我看他是错了。
(须用was,试比较：I think he is wrong)It would seem that she was right. 她似乎是对的。
(须用was,试比较：It seems that she is right)专项练习：1．His doctor suggested that he ______ a short leave of absence．A．will take B．would take C．take D．took2．The job would require that ______ at 7 o'clock every morning．A．he will be at the factory B．he be at the factoryC．he was at the factory D．he has been at the factory3．Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable．A．will wait B．is going to wait C．waits D．wait4．The housemaster was strict．He requested that we ______ television on week nights．A．not watch B．must not to watchC．not be watching D．have not watched5．It is necessary that a worker ______ his work on time．A．accomplishes B．can accomplishC．accomplish D．has accomplished6．It is important that he ______ his decision before Friday．A．will make B．makes C．make D．must make7．You look so tired. It's time you ______ ．A．go to sleep B．went to sleepC．go to bed D．went to bed8．I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being．A．do B．didn't do C．don't D．didn't9．But for water，it ______ impossible to live in the desert．A．is B．was C．were D．wouldn't be10．______ it______ for your help，I couldn't have made any progress．A．Had；not been B．Should；not beenC．Did；not been D．Not；be11．Long ______ the Party！A．lives B．live C．will live D．should live12．Mary insisted that Tom ______ her the ring back．A．gives B．give C．given D．have given13．My suggestion was that the meeting ______ off till next week．A．to put B．be putC．should put D．be putting14．Mother suggested that I ______ my homework first before watching TV．A．did B．do C．shall do D．have done15．He insisted that nothing ______ till he arrived.A．must be started B．ought to be started C．could be started D．should be started16．Tom suggests that Ann ______ the house.A．can sell B．sells C．sell D．sold17．It's better that he ______ it from you.A．'ll hear B．hears C．should hear D．heard18．It was necessary that he ______ about what had happened.A．be told B．was told C．should tell D．tell19．It's astonishing that she ______ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her.A．felt B．should feel C．'ll feel D．would feel20．It was strange that we ______ short of water in the country where it was always raining. A．are B．be C．should be D．both B and C21．It is strange that she ______ marry such an ugly man.A．would B．should C．shall D．must22．It's not right that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow.A．must be put B．must put C．will be put D．be put23．It was impossible that he ______ the train, for he had started out very early.A．could have missed B．must have missedC．should have missed D．should miss24．It's a pity that he ______ such a good chance.A．should miss B．should have missed C．has missed D．all the above25．He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off at once. A．must pay B．ought to pay C．paid D．pay26．Mr. Ford insisted that he ______ right, though the others didn't think so.A．should do B．should have done C．had done D．did27．His pale face suggested that he ______ the sad news.A．should be told B．should have been toldC．was told D．had been told28．He suggested that we ______ here at once.A．should leave B．must leave C．left D．ought to leave29．My order is that everyone ______ their own work in time.A．must complete B．completed C．completes D．complete30．We've made the decision that we ______ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.A．will gather B．are about to gatherC．would gather D．should gather31．----I'll be waiting for you at home.---- ______ I were busy and couldn't come?A．What if B．What when C．How if D．How when32．After he was praised for what he had done, he said，“I ______ even better under harder conditions. ”A．would do B．would have done C．did D．had done33．It has been raining for a day, but even though it ______ , we ______ there by tomorrow.A．hadn't rained, couldn't get B．hadn't rained, can't getC．didn't rain, couldn't get D．didn't rain, can't get34．We could not have succeeded ______ your help.A．but for B．withoutC．if it had not been for D．all the above35．I dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend ______ differently when you were in trouble.A．acted B．had actedC．would act D．would have acted参考答案：1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C6．C 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．A11．B 12．B13．B 14．B15．D insist作“要求别人做某事”解，其宾语从句用should型虚拟语气。