虚拟语气2
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• 2. 祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方
提出请求，劝告或命令。
Shut the window before leaving.
• 3. 虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能
发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反 的假设等。
If I were a bird, I should fly in the sky.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been D. would be
• 答案: D • 6） (2001年上海春招) He hesitated for a
moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
would be all right now.
• 2）现在时与过去时混合使用。
If he could pass the exam now, he would have passed it last time.
• 3）现在时与将来时混合使用。
If he were here now, he was to start off with
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall
• 答案: B
D. were to fall
• 8）(1995年高考) When a pencil is
partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________.
• If I were to be 20 years old next year, I
should take the course of computer science.
If it should fail, I would try again.
What would happen if the earth stopped turning?
He insisted that he was right.
• 9）(1987年高考) The judge ordered that the
thief _______ punished.
A. would be B. should be
C. was to be D. must be
• 答案: B
• 10）(1997年高考) Jane’s pale face suggested
从句：had + p.p. 主句：would(should/ could / might)+have +
p.p.
• She should have gone to the party if she had
been invited.
If she hadn’t called me, I should have overslept this morning.
• 2．动词wish的宾语从句的谓语动词与条件
从句的谓语动词形式一样，即：现在使用 过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去 将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。
• I do wish that I could help you.
I wish I had known the answer to the question.
that she _______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ________ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
• 答案: B
• If he had been warned, he would not have taken
that food.
• =Had he been warned, he would not have taken
that food.
• What would happen if the earth
stopped turning?
• =What would happen if the earth were to / should
stop turning?
• =Were the earth to stop turning, what would
happen?
• =Should the earth to stop turning, what would
• Jane’s uncle insisted that she not stay in the
hotel. The workers requested that their working conditions be improved.
• 注：这些词的后面有时也不用虚拟语气。
Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill.
It is necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion.
• 3. It is a pity / a matter of regret / wonder /
shame+ +that从句 (should +动词原形)
• 4. It is (high / about ) time + that 从句(动词
• But for the storm, we should have arrived
earlier.
=If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
• Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he
虚拟语气
( Subjunctive Mood )
语气是动词的一种形式。
它表示说话者对所指的动 词或状态所持的态度,而 且在谓语动词上有所体现。 语气分三种:陈述语气;祈 使语气;虚拟语气。
• 1. 陈述语气多见于大多数句子里, 用来陈述事实或
就事实提出询问, 广泛用于陈述ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้和疑问句中。
He could swim, but he didn’t jump into the water to save the boy.
• 高考例题
1） (1984年高考) If there were no
subjunctive mood, English____ much easier.
• A. will be B. would have been
C. could have been D. would be
• 答案: D
• 2．与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式
• 答案: A
• 2．某些介词without / but for等或连词
otherewise等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语 气。
• Without air, we would not live even for five
minutes.
=If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes.
一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中 的使用
• 如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能
发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条 件句，即虚拟条件句。
• 1．与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式
从句：过去式（be只用were） 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. If he came here, he might be able to help you.
• 2） (1993年高考) If he _______, he _____
that food. Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have taken
us tomorrow.
• 7）(2002年上海) It is hard for me to imagine
what I would be doing today if I _______ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
would have telephone me.
=Jack can’t have arrived yet; if he had arrived, he would have telephone me.
• 5） (1991年高考) Without electricity human
life _______ quite different today.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
答案: C
二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使 用
• 1．在动词order / demand / insist /
command / advise / suggest / request /
require / decide / ask等词后的宾语从句中 谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。
happen?
• 4）________ he would have succeeded in
the examination. A. Had he worked hard B. If he worked hard C. If he works hard D. If he has worked hard
• 一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 • 二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 • 三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 • 四. 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的
使用
• 五. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用 • 六. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用 • 七. 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用 • 八. 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have warned; had not taken
• 答案: B
• 3．与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式
从句：过去式或should / were to+动词原形 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形
C. would score D. would have
• 答案: D
scored
• 3．当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在
同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。
• 1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过
去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相 反的说法。
• If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he
A. seen
B. did seen
C. had seen D. were to see
• 答案: C
• 2. It + be + important / desirable (理想的) /
better / strange / necessary / surprising / …+that从句 (should +动词原形)
• 高考例题
11） (2002年上海春招) How I wish every family
_______ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has
B. had
C. will have D. had had
• 答案: B
• 12） (1988年高考) I wish I ________ you yesterday.
• 3） If he ___________ tomorrow, he
would find Mr. Wang in the office.
A. comes
B. will come
C. should come D. come
• 答案: C
• 注：1。在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略， 但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前）
提出请求，劝告或命令。
Shut the window before leaving.
• 3. 虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能
发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反 的假设等。
If I were a bird, I should fly in the sky.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been D. would be
• 答案: D • 6） (2001年上海春招) He hesitated for a
moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
would be all right now.
• 2）现在时与过去时混合使用。
If he could pass the exam now, he would have passed it last time.
• 3）现在时与将来时混合使用。
If he were here now, he was to start off with
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall
• 答案: B
D. were to fall
• 8）(1995年高考) When a pencil is
partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________.
• If I were to be 20 years old next year, I
should take the course of computer science.
If it should fail, I would try again.
What would happen if the earth stopped turning?
He insisted that he was right.
• 9）(1987年高考) The judge ordered that the
thief _______ punished.
A. would be B. should be
C. was to be D. must be
• 答案: B
• 10）(1997年高考) Jane’s pale face suggested
从句：had + p.p. 主句：would(should/ could / might)+have +
p.p.
• She should have gone to the party if she had
been invited.
If she hadn’t called me, I should have overslept this morning.
• 2．动词wish的宾语从句的谓语动词与条件
从句的谓语动词形式一样，即：现在使用 过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去 将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。
• I do wish that I could help you.
I wish I had known the answer to the question.
that she _______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ________ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
• 答案: B
• If he had been warned, he would not have taken
that food.
• =Had he been warned, he would not have taken
that food.
• What would happen if the earth
stopped turning?
• =What would happen if the earth were to / should
stop turning?
• =Were the earth to stop turning, what would
happen?
• =Should the earth to stop turning, what would
• Jane’s uncle insisted that she not stay in the
hotel. The workers requested that their working conditions be improved.
• 注：这些词的后面有时也不用虚拟语气。
Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill.
It is necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion.
• 3. It is a pity / a matter of regret / wonder /
shame+ +that从句 (should +动词原形)
• 4. It is (high / about ) time + that 从句(动词
• But for the storm, we should have arrived
earlier.
=If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
• Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he
虚拟语气
( Subjunctive Mood )
语气是动词的一种形式。
它表示说话者对所指的动 词或状态所持的态度,而 且在谓语动词上有所体现。 语气分三种:陈述语气;祈 使语气;虚拟语气。
• 1. 陈述语气多见于大多数句子里, 用来陈述事实或
就事实提出询问, 广泛用于陈述ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้和疑问句中。
He could swim, but he didn’t jump into the water to save the boy.
• 高考例题
1） (1984年高考) If there were no
subjunctive mood, English____ much easier.
• A. will be B. would have been
C. could have been D. would be
• 答案: D
• 2．与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式
• 答案: A
• 2．某些介词without / but for等或连词
otherewise等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语 气。
• Without air, we would not live even for five
minutes.
=If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes.
一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中 的使用
• 如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能
发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条 件句，即虚拟条件句。
• 1．与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式
从句：过去式（be只用were） 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. If he came here, he might be able to help you.
• 2） (1993年高考) If he _______, he _____
that food. Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have taken
us tomorrow.
• 7）(2002年上海) It is hard for me to imagine
what I would be doing today if I _______ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
would have telephone me.
=Jack can’t have arrived yet; if he had arrived, he would have telephone me.
• 5） (1991年高考) Without electricity human
life _______ quite different today.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
答案: C
二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使 用
• 1．在动词order / demand / insist /
command / advise / suggest / request /
require / decide / ask等词后的宾语从句中 谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。
happen?
• 4）________ he would have succeeded in
the examination. A. Had he worked hard B. If he worked hard C. If he works hard D. If he has worked hard
• 一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 • 二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 • 三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 • 四. 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的
使用
• 五. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用 • 六. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用 • 七. 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用 • 八. 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have warned; had not taken
• 答案: B
• 3．与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式
从句：过去式或should / were to+动词原形 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形
C. would score D. would have
• 答案: D
scored
• 3．当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在
同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。
• 1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过
去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相 反的说法。
• If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he
A. seen
B. did seen
C. had seen D. were to see
• 答案: C
• 2. It + be + important / desirable (理想的) /
better / strange / necessary / surprising / …+that从句 (should +动词原形)
• 高考例题
11） (2002年上海春招) How I wish every family
_______ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has
B. had
C. will have D. had had
• 答案: B
• 12） (1988年高考) I wish I ________ you yesterday.
• 3） If he ___________ tomorrow, he
would find Mr. Wang in the office.
A. comes
B. will come
C. should come D. come
• 答案: C
• 注：1。在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略， 但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前）