审计学：一种整合方法 (3)

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Auditor Agrees with a Departure from a Promulgated Principle
The auditor must be satisfied and must state and explain, in a separate paragraph or paragraphs in the audit report, that adhering to the principle would have produced a misleading result in that situation.
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Learning Objective 5
Identify the types of audit reports that can be issued when an unqualified opinion is not justified.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Learning Objective 2
Specify the conditions required to issue the standard unqualified audit report.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
4. Scope paragraph
5. Opinion paragraph 6. Name of CPA firm 7. Audit report date
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
3 - 12
Substantial Doubt About Going Concern
1. Significant recurring operating losses or working capital deficiencies. 2. Inability of the company to pay its obligations as they come due. 3. Loss of major customers, the occurrence of uninsured catastrophes. 4. Legal proceedings, legislation that might jeopardize the entity’s ability to operate.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Conditions for Standard Unqualified Audit Report
4. The financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. 5. There are no circumstances requiring the addition of an explanatory paragraph or modification of the wording of the report.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act
This Act requires the auditor of a public company to attest to management’s report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
3-6
Four Categories of Audit Reports
1. Standard unqualified
2. Unqualified with explanatory paragraph or modified wording 3. Qualified
4. Adverse or disclaimer
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Learning Objective 3
Understand combined reporting on financial statements and internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
4. Inherent limitations paragraph
5. Opinion paragraph
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Learning Objective 4
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Conditions for Standard Unqualified Audit Report
1. All financial statements are included. 2. The three general standards have been followed in all respects on the engagement. 3. Sufficient evidence has been accumulated to conclude that the three standards of field work have been met.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Emphasis of a Matter
Under certain circumstances, the CPA may want to emphasize specific matters regarding the financial statements, even though the CPA intends to express an unqualified opinion.
PCAOB Auditing Standard 2 requires the audit of internal control to be integrated with the audit of the financial statements.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e,ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱArens/Beasley/Elder
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Unqualified Report with Explanatory Paragraph
1. Lack of consistent application of generally accepted accounting principles 2. Substantial doubt about going concern 3. Auditor agrees with a departure from promulgated accounting principles 4. Emphasis of a matter 5. Reports involving other auditors
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Qualified Opinion
A qualified opinion report can result from a limitation on the scope of the audit or failure to follow generally accepted accounting principles.
2. Make reference in the report (modified wording report) 3. Qualify the opinion
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
3-9
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Combined Report on Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
1. Introductory paragraph
2. Scope paragraph 3. Definition paragraph
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Reports Involving Other Auditors
1. Make no reference in the audit report
Describe the five circumstances when an unqualified report with an explanatory paragraph or modified wording is appropriate.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
3 - 17
Departures from An Unqualified Opinion
1. Scope limitation 2. GAAP departure
3. Auditor not independent
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
Audit Reports
Chapter 3
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
3-1
Learning Objective 1
Describe the parts of the standard unqualified audit report.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Parts of the Standard Unqualified Audit Report
1. Report title 2. Audit report address 3. Introductory paragraph