高考英语语法—There be句型
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There be句型
一、构成:There be是英语中常用句型,意思是“有”,表示“人或事物的存在”。其结构为There be(is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。There在此结构中是引导词,已经没有副词“那里”的含义。There be 后面的名词是句子的主语,属倒装结构。例如:
There are fifty-two students in our class.
There is a pencil in my pencil-case.
There was an old house by the river five years ago.
二、各种句式:
1.否定句:There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。即:no + n.(名词)= not a\an\any + n.(名词)。
注意:no + n.(可数名词单数)= not a\an + n.(可数名词单数);
no + n.(可数名词复数)= not any + n.(可数名词复数);
no + n.(不可数名词)= not any + n.(不可数名词)。例如:
There is an orange in her bag. →There isn’t an orange in her bag.
→There is no orange in her bag.
There are some oranges in her bag. →There aren’t any oranges in her bag.
→There are no oranges in her bag.
There is some juice in the bottle. →There isn’t any juice in the bottle.
→There is no juice in the bottle.
2. 一般疑问句:There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。例如:
There is some money in h er handbag. → Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中,some改为any, something改为anything.)
There is something new in today’s newspaper. →There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.
→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
3. 特殊疑问句:There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式:
①对主语提问:当主语是人时,用“Who’s + 介词短语?”;当主语是物时,用“What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:
There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree?
There are some bikes over there. →What’s over th ere?
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?
②对地点状语提问:用“Where is \ are + 主语?”表示(注意其答语变化):例如:
There is a computer in my office.
→ Where is the computer? ----It’s in my office.
There are four children in the classroom.
→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.
③对数量提问:一般有两种提问方式:
如果主语是可数名词,无论是单数还是复数,都用“How many +可数名词复数+ are there + 介词短语?”表示:There are twelve months in a year.
→How many months are there in a year? There is only one book in my bag.
→ How many books are there in your bag?
There is a cat in the box. → How many cats are there in the box?
如果主语是不可数名词,则用“ How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 介词短语?”表示:
There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in your purse?
4. 反意疑问句:There be或There加其它动词,其反意疑问句一律用…there? 例如:
There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?
There used to be no school here, used there \did there?
三、注意:
1. 主谓一致和就近原则:如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词,或是不可数名词,be动词用“is” “was”。如果句子的主语是复数名词,be动词就用“are” “were”。如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。
2. There be 时态。
3. There be句型和have\has的区别:There be句型表示“存在有”, have\has表示“拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如:There are three books on the desk. 桌子上有三本书.