主谓一致 几种情况与练习

英语句子中，谓语动词必须同句中主语的人称和数保持一致。主谓一致主要从语法结构要求和语意要求两方面来考虑。

I．就前一致原则中的主谓一致

王先生偕同妻子去了武汉。

误：Mr．Wang，together with his wife，have gone to Wuhan．正：Mr．Wang，together with his wife，has gone to Wuhan．

解：当主语为单数名词，后跟有as well as，along with，as much as，accompanied by，but，except，including，in company with，like，more than，no less than，plus，together with，with，rather than等引导的修饰语或插入语时，其谓语动词通常按照语法一致的原则，依主语即中心词的单复数而定。

II．就近一致原则中的主谓一致

不是你错了，就是我错了。

误：Either you or I are wrong．正：Either you or I am wrong．解：由or，either．．．or，neither．．．nor，not only．．．

but（also），not．．．but连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，其谓语动词依最接近它的名词或代词的人称和单复数形式而定。III．and 连接的两个名词表达一个共同的概念时的主谓一致

看见一套马车向我们走来。

误：A cart and horse are seen coming to us．正：A cart and horse is seen coming to us．

解：当and所连接的两个单数名词作主语是指同一件事或指一个概念时，其谓语要用单数。本题中a cart and horse是指一个共同的概念，意为“一套马车”，其谓语采用单数。下列名词短语通常看作单数：

a needle and thread 一套针线a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a cup and saucer 一套碟子茶杯bread and butter 奶油面包

aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真诚capacity and efficiency 效能ignorance and negligence 玩忽无知

love and affection 感情trial and error 试验摸索time and tide 岁月iron and steel 钢铁

the wear and tear 磨损；消耗law and order 治安

IV．当一个人或一件事兼两种身份而作主语时的主谓一致

那位空军中将参谋长在那次空难中丧生了。

误：The Air-marshal and chief-of-staff were killed in the air crash．正：The Air-marshal and chief-of-staff was killed in the air crash．解：由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，通常谓语用复数；但当and所连接的两个词是指同一个人时，谓语用单数。本题中“空军中将”和“参谋长”指的是同一个人，故其谓语用单数。试比较下列句子：

a．A journalist and a novelist have come to see you．一个新闻记者和一个小说家来看你。（指两个人）

b．A journalist and novelist has come to see you．一个新闻记者兼小说家来看你。（指一个人）

V．each ＋名词＋and each ＋名词作主语时的主谓一致

每个男孩和女孩都得到一支铅笔。

误：Each boy and each girl have got a pencil．正：Each boy and each girl has got a pencil．

解：由each修饰且由and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时，其谓语要用单数。例如：

Each man and each woman has the same rights．每个男女都有同样的权利。

下面两种情况，动词也用单数：

1．every ＋单数名词＋and（every）＋单数名词作主语时。例如：

Every minibus，taxiand omnibus is full．每一辆小型公共汽车，出租车和公共汽车都坐满了。

2．no＋单数名词＋and（no）＋单数名词作主语时。例如：No teacher and no student is admitted．教师和学生都不得入内。VI．由many a，more than one修饰单数名词作主语时的主谓一致

1．编写这本字典花了许多年时间。

误：Many a year were spent compiling the dictio- nary．正：Many a year was spent compiling the dictio- nary．

2．这里不止一个人染上了这种疾博

误：More than one person here have been infected with the disease．正：More than one person here has been infected with the disease．解：由many a，more than one修饰单数名词作主语时，虽表达复数概念，但谓语须用单数。

高一主谓一致专题练习

1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.

A.know

B.knows

C.have known

D.is known

2.All but one _____ here just now.

A.is

B.was

C.has been

D.were

3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.