英国文学.培根1
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A Brief History of
English Literature
1. The line “What's past is prologue” is from ________________’s Tempest.
凡是过去，皆为序章。
《暴风雨》
1. The line 凡是过去，皆为序章。 “What's past is prologue” is from ________________’s Tempest.
(1) the use and abuse of studies (2) the proper and improper ways to pursue one’s studies (3) the effect of the different kinds of studies upon human character
Contemporary of Shakespeare, Elizabeth I, Galilei and Gui Youguang
Life
1. Met Queen Elizabeth I (9)
Famously replied “Two years younger than Your Majesty’s happy reign”
王佐良
(1916-1995) 浙江上虞人。 诗人、翻译家、教授、 英国文学研究专家。 最广为流传的译作是论学 习》等，该译语言精炼优 美传神，为广大读者视为 是最权威的版本。
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条 文断事乃学究故态。 Be careful not to over indulge in study as this leads to laziness, pretentiousness or insularity.
4. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.
9.In 1626, died in disgrace (65)
Bacon’s literary power and success find fine expression chiefly in his best known literary work Essays. Short as they are, these essays show Bacon’s profundity in understanding man and society.
Essay: A Definition
• It is a relatively short literary composition in prose, in which a writer discusses a topic, usually restricted in scope, or tries to persuade the reader to accept a particular point of view.
有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之 士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在 书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
5. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
智者创造机会，而不是等待机会。
弗朗西斯 培根
Francis Bacon
(1561-1626)
Sir Francis Bacon
Leabharlann Baidu
A statesman, scientist, philosopher, and essayist of the late Renaissance England (1561-1626)
Of Studies: Details
1. What do studies serve for? 2. What attitudes and ways are adopted by different people to study? 3. How do studies influence human character?
An Analysis of Of Studies
Of Studies: Main idea It discusses the benefits of studying. Studying is applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject, especially through reading, which is perhaps why by ‘studying’, Sir Francis Bacon mostly refers to reading. In this short essay, he strives to persuade us to study, and tells us how to study if we are to make the best of what we read.
读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。 其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也， 最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处 世判事之际。
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然 纵观统筹，全局策划， 则舍好学深思者莫属。
3. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.
凡是过去，皆为序章。
《暴风雨》
2. The famous aphorism, “Knowledge is power”, is found in the Meditations by _______________.
Francis Bacon
3. The aphorism “A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds” is byFrancis _______________ Bacon .
2. Entered Trinity College, Cambridge (12)
Life
3. In 1584, elected to Parliament (23). 4. In 1603, Knighted (42), 5. In 1617, became Lord Keeper of the Great Seal (highest possible position) (56) 6.In 1618, made Lord Chancellor 7.In 1618, elevated to peerage (British nobles) 8.In 1621,charged with corruption and bribery (60)
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天 生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接， 而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当
Knowledge improves experience and experience improves knowledge
5. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
Bacon’s Essays
• His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose. • Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and powerfulness. And the neatness, the preciseness, the gravity, and the weightiness are the essential qualities of his writings. • Balance and opposition are the most common strategies he uses to achieve both the appearance of balance and the concealment of his own opinions under the cloak of the opposing alternatives.
Study as an activity, in whatever form, brings us joy and enhances our thinking, speaking and writing ability, adding charm to our personality.
2. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
People who are cunning and deceitful have no appreciation for studies as they accomplish their objectives through many crooked ways. Simple folks, however, greatly value the role of studies in human life. Wise people inherently draw upon the ideas obtained from their studies while solving life’s myriad problems.
English Literature
1. The line “What's past is prologue” is from ________________’s Tempest.
凡是过去，皆为序章。
《暴风雨》
1. The line 凡是过去，皆为序章。 “What's past is prologue” is from ________________’s Tempest.
(1) the use and abuse of studies (2) the proper and improper ways to pursue one’s studies (3) the effect of the different kinds of studies upon human character
Contemporary of Shakespeare, Elizabeth I, Galilei and Gui Youguang
Life
1. Met Queen Elizabeth I (9)
Famously replied “Two years younger than Your Majesty’s happy reign”
王佐良
(1916-1995) 浙江上虞人。 诗人、翻译家、教授、 英国文学研究专家。 最广为流传的译作是论学 习》等，该译语言精炼优 美传神，为广大读者视为 是最权威的版本。
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条 文断事乃学究故态。 Be careful not to over indulge in study as this leads to laziness, pretentiousness or insularity.
4. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.
9.In 1626, died in disgrace (65)
Bacon’s literary power and success find fine expression chiefly in his best known literary work Essays. Short as they are, these essays show Bacon’s profundity in understanding man and society.
Essay: A Definition
• It is a relatively short literary composition in prose, in which a writer discusses a topic, usually restricted in scope, or tries to persuade the reader to accept a particular point of view.
有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之 士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在 书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
5. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
智者创造机会，而不是等待机会。
弗朗西斯 培根
Francis Bacon
(1561-1626)
Sir Francis Bacon
Leabharlann Baidu
A statesman, scientist, philosopher, and essayist of the late Renaissance England (1561-1626)
Of Studies: Details
1. What do studies serve for? 2. What attitudes and ways are adopted by different people to study? 3. How do studies influence human character?
An Analysis of Of Studies
Of Studies: Main idea It discusses the benefits of studying. Studying is applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject, especially through reading, which is perhaps why by ‘studying’, Sir Francis Bacon mostly refers to reading. In this short essay, he strives to persuade us to study, and tells us how to study if we are to make the best of what we read.
读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。 其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也， 最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处 世判事之际。
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然 纵观统筹，全局策划， 则舍好学深思者莫属。
3. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.
凡是过去，皆为序章。
《暴风雨》
2. The famous aphorism, “Knowledge is power”, is found in the Meditations by _______________.
Francis Bacon
3. The aphorism “A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds” is byFrancis _______________ Bacon .
2. Entered Trinity College, Cambridge (12)
Life
3. In 1584, elected to Parliament (23). 4. In 1603, Knighted (42), 5. In 1617, became Lord Keeper of the Great Seal (highest possible position) (56) 6.In 1618, made Lord Chancellor 7.In 1618, elevated to peerage (British nobles) 8.In 1621,charged with corruption and bribery (60)
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天 生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接， 而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当
Knowledge improves experience and experience improves knowledge
5. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
Bacon’s Essays
• His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose. • Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and powerfulness. And the neatness, the preciseness, the gravity, and the weightiness are the essential qualities of his writings. • Balance and opposition are the most common strategies he uses to achieve both the appearance of balance and the concealment of his own opinions under the cloak of the opposing alternatives.
Study as an activity, in whatever form, brings us joy and enhances our thinking, speaking and writing ability, adding charm to our personality.
2. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
People who are cunning and deceitful have no appreciation for studies as they accomplish their objectives through many crooked ways. Simple folks, however, greatly value the role of studies in human life. Wise people inherently draw upon the ideas obtained from their studies while solving life’s myriad problems.