测试与评估

Name 高祺(20) NO. 201312000220

1.Explaining the following terms.

(1)reliability

It is concerned with stability and consistency of testing. It refers to whether the test achieves what is expected to be measured.

(2)Validity

Validity means a test is said to be valid if it measures accurately which it is intended to measure. The test actually measures the ability of knowledge.

(3)norm-referenced testing

A representative group of students is given the test prior to its availability to the public. The scores of the students who take the test after publication are then compared to those of the norm group. It usually implies standardization through prior administration to a large sample of exams.

(4)criterion-referenced testing

It assesses achievement or performance against a cut-off score that is determined as a reflection of mastery or attainment of specified objectives or evaluates individual performance in terms of some predetermined criterion for success at performing some behavior with some result under certain condition and judged by certain standards.

(5)summative assessment

It is a kind of testing which is administered after a period time of learning. It is designed to determine if the instructional goals have been achieved and to produce a measure to sum up students’ achievement.

(6)formative assessment

It is a kind of assessment used to help students’ level in the learning process which is of evaluating and judging the students’ performance and using the feedback to improve the students’ next performance.

(7)bloom et al.’ taxonomy

It is a system Bloom and his associates have developed a system for helping teachers to get a better understanding about the kinds of learning types that they want their students to show. They refer to their classification schemes as taxonomies of educational objectives, which initially covered cognitive learning objectives, and later publications

focused on the affective and psychomotor areas.

(8)aptitude test

It is designed to measure capacity or potential, whether it is capacity to succeed with an academic program, to learn a foreign language, to acquire a specific vocation, or some other capability.

(9)diagnostic test

Diagnostic test is used to identify information about the specific strengths and weaknesses of the test taker. It is designed to guide remedial instruction.

(10)backwash effect

It’s the reflection of teaching and testing. It can be defined as the direct or indirect effect of testing on teaching and learning. Backwash can be harmful and beneficial.