(word完整版)高中定语从句讲解与练习

定语从句专项讲解与练习

1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。主要有who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。PS:what 不能引导定语从句. 指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that.

The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .

The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom/ that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）

I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)

I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：1）指人时宜用who 的情况：

a. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone 或those , these 时，关系代词用who。The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

Anyone who goes there will be punished.

These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.

b. 在there be 开头的句子中。

There’s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.

There is a student who wants to see you.

c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。

I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.

d. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

e. 在非限定性定语从句中。

She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago.

2) 指物时宜用that 的情况：

a. 当先行词为all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。

All that can be done has been done.

b. 当先行词既指人又指物时。

He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.

c. 当先行词是疑问词who, what, which 时或者句子以疑问词who , what , which 打头时。

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?

d. 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.

This is the best that can be done now.

e. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the same , just, one of , any, every , few , little , no , all , one of 等修饰时。

This is one of the very book that I am looking for.

f. 关系代词在从句中作表语。

Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.

3) 只能用which 不能用that 的情况。

a. 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。

Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.

Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.

b. 关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

c. that，those作主语时

Those which are on the desk are English books.

4) 关系代词as 和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as 引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。Which you know, he is a good man. (×)

As you know, he is a good man. (√)

5)关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which , for which等，可以互换：

The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st.

I don’t know the reason why /for which he didn’t come.

6)whose指物时，可以与of which等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：This is the book the cover of which / of which the cover / whose cover is blue. 7)有时可用that代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。