unit 5(定语从句)

定语从句

20.1 定语从句的概述

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句（Attributive Clause）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

20.2. 关系代词引导的定语从句

20.2.1 关系代词

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

·This is the detective who came from London.

这位是来自伦敦的侦探。

·The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

我在读的这本书是托马斯·哈代写的。

·The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

断了腿的桌子很破旧。

·This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

这是莎士比亚出生的房间。

20.2.2 关系代词的用法

20.2.2.1 关系代词who的用法

A. who 的先行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom，但是它前边不能有介词，如果带了介词就必须用宾格的whom：（介词+whom）·This is the teacher who teaches us mathematics.

·She is the girl who (whom) I met at the party.（可以替代）

·She is the girl whom (who) I went there with.（可以替代）

·She is the girl with whom I went there.（不可替代）

B. who, that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who：

a. 先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who。

·One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.

无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。

·The ones who flatter me don’t please me.

我讨厌奉承我的人。

·Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.

不要让不该知道消息的人知道这个消息。

·Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.

不能完成任务的人应该被批评。

b. 先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词。

·Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.

不胜任的人是看不到用神奇的布料制成漂亮衣服的。

·Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

想去长城的人请报名。

c. 当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候。

·I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.

昨天在街上我遇到一个外国人，他能用汉语问我问题。

d. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that，另一个则用who。

·The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.

昨天晚上你遇到的男孩是这个组的组长，他学习很努力。

e. 在there be 开头的句子中。

·There is an old man who wants to see you.

有个老人想见你。

·There are many young men who are against him.

有许多年轻人反对他。

20.2.2.2 关系代词whose的用法

whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。当代物的时候，它相当于of which。

·I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.

我看到一个女人，她的包被偷了。

·I’ll call a person whose father knows you.

我要给一个人打电话，他的父亲认识你。

·Which is the car whose owner you know? (Which is the car the owner of which you know?)

哪辆车是你认识的那个车主的？

·Please show me the book whose cover is red. (Please show me the book the cover of which is red.)

请递给我红色书皮的书。

20.2.2.3 关系代词that的用法

首先特别注意：that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用that，另外介词后边也不可用that，而是跟which在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代替物的时候，一般可以通用。

·The money that (which) is in the wallet is mine.

钱包里的钱是我的。

A. 不用that的情况：

a. 在引导非限定性定语从句时。