中石油职称英语考试大纲词组、常用词根、前缀、后缀、不规则动词部分
中石油职称英语考试大纲短语、搭配
a matter of 大约,大概a variety of 多种的about to 附近,大约,转向,左右,在附近,关于,在…周围,忙于absent from 缺席according as 根据,取决于according to 根据…所说,随着…而作(相应地)变更account for 解释,是…原因,总计,说出用途adapt oneself to 适应于,(使自己)习惯add up to 合计达agree on 对…达成协议,对…一致意见agree with 同意,适合ahead of 在…前面aim at 瞄准,针对all at once 突然all but 几乎,差一点all of a sudden 突然all over 全部结束,到处,浑身,十分像(口语)all over again 重新,再一遍all the same 仍然all the time 始终allow for 考虑到,体谅along with 连同…一起,随同…一起and so forth 等等and then 于是,然后and yet 可是answer for 负责,保证,符合anything but 绝不apart from 远离,除…之外appeal to 呼吁,要求,诉诸,上诉,有吸引力apply to 将…应用于approve of 赞成,满意as a matter of fact 事实上as a result 结果as a result of 做为结果as far as 远到,直到,至于as for 至于as good as 和…一样,实际上相当于…as long as 只要,在…事后as regards 关于,至于as to 关于,至于as well 倒不如,还是…的好as yet 至今aside from 除…之外ask after 探问,问候ask for 请求,寻找at a loss 困惑,亏本地at all costs=at any costs不惜任何代价,无论如何at all events 无论如何at all time 一直at a time 每次,在某时at any moment 随时at any rate 无论如何,至少at best 最多at first sight 咋一看at hand 在手边,在附近,即将到来at heart 在内心里at intervals(of) 不时,相隔一段时间at large 未被捕,详尽,普遍at length 最后,详细的at most 至多at no time 绝不at one’s disposal 由某人做主,听某人之便,受其管理,由其支配at one time 同时,曾经at present 现在目前at random 胡乱地,随便地at the cost of 以…为代价at the mercy of 受…支配at the moment 此刻at the risk of 冒…的危险at the same time 同时,但是at this rate 照此情形,如此下去at times 有时,不时attach to使依恋,把…放在attribute to 归因于back of 在…后边back up 基于be absorbed in 全神贯注于,专心于be attached to 附属于,喜爱be bound to 一定要…be composed of 由…组成be concerned with参与,干预be fit for 适合于be known as 被认为是be obliged to 不得不bear in mind 记住before long 不久以后begin with 首先beyond question 无可争辩blow out 吹熄,爆裂break away 突然离开,脱离,放弃,(运动中)反攻为守break down毁掉,制服,压倒,停顿,倒塌,中止,垮掉,分解break in 训练,使合用,闯入,打断,开始工作break into 破门而入,侵占break off 中断,折断,突然停止,脱落,暂停,断绝,解除break out 突发,爆发,叫嚷,使做准备,取出,倒空,(口)把…备好待用break through 突围,突破break up 打碎,破碎,分裂,结束,衰落,分解,变坏,驱散bring about 使发生,致使bring back拿回来,使回忆起来,使恢复bring down 打到,击落,打死,降低bring forth 提出,出示,展示bring forward 提出,提前,显示bring into 使开始bring into effect 实施,实现bring into operation 实施,实行bring out 使显示,出版,生产,说出bring up 教育,培养,提出,(军队等)调上来,(船)抵达目的地build up 树立增进增大阻塞burn down 烧为平地,火力减弱burn out 烧坏烧掉烧尽burn up 烧起来烧掉发怒burst out 闯出来大声喊突发but for 要不是by accident 偶然by air 通过航空by all means尽一切办法一定by analogy用类推的方法by and by 不久以后by chance 偶然意外地by comparison 比较起来by itself 单独地独立地自动地by mean of 依靠by mistake 错误地by no means 绝不by oneself 单独独立by reason of 由于因为by virtue of 依靠,由于by way of 经由作为为了call for 要求提倡为…叫喊为…叫call forth 使产生引起使起作用call off 叫走放弃使转移走依次叫名call on 号召呼吁邀请访问指派call up 召唤使想起提出打电话给care for 关怀照顾愿意计较carry into practice 实行实现carry off 夺取…生命获得成功对付carry through 进行贯彻维持catch fire 着火catch one’s breath 恢复正常呼吸catch sight of 瞥见catch up with 赶上逮捕处罚check in 登记报到check out 付账后离开检验合格及格check up 核对检验clear away 清除消失clear up 整理消除放晴come across 遇到come into effect 开始生效come into force 开始有效开始实行come into operation 开始工作开始运转生效come off 离开举行实现成为come on 突然产生要求成为…负担偶遇跟着来开始出台上演快点赶快come out 出来长出传出褪去被展出被解出露出罢工come round来前来绕道而来苏醒转变come through 经历脱险传出捐助come to one’s senses苏醒过来醒悟come ture实现达到come up走近上来发芽流行发生被提出上升讨论出现come up against碰到遭遇come up to达到符合比得上等于come up with赶上提出拿出consist in存在于consist of由…组成count on依靠指望count up把…加起来cut across掩盖cut back修剪消减急忙返回倒叙cut down砍倒胜过消减删节cut in插嘴插入把…插进cut off切断断绝剥夺继承权cut out切掉裁剪出取代停止cut short打断缩减date back to从…时就有,回溯到,远在…(年代)date from起始于溯源到deal in经营derive from得自由来衍生die down变弱逐渐停止渐渐消失die off相继死去die out灭绝逐渐消失differ from不同do away with废除弄死do good做好事有益于do without免除不用double up把…对折弯曲同享合住draw in收引诱接近黄昏缩进开支draw on戴上吸收利用引诱向…提取招来临近draw up草拟停住逼近追上整队dress up盛装打扮装饰伪装drop by随便访问drop in顺便走访顺便进入drop off离开散去逐渐减少死去drop out不参与离去放弃engage in使从事于,参加enjoy oneself过得快乐equal to等于胜任even if即使even then尽管那样即使在那时ever since从那时到现在ever so非常every now and then常常不时地every other每隔所有其他except for除…以外face up to勇敢地面对fall back on求助于退到回头再说fall behind落在…的后面拖欠fall in love with爱上fall in with偶遇同意fall out争吵吵架闹翻解散离队fall through失败成为泡影far from远离远非远不完全不非但不feel like意欲摸上去如同figure out合计为计算出解决断定领会到fill in填充填写填满代替fill out填写使长大变大fill up填补装满淤积find fault挑剔for a while暂时for all尽管for good永久地一劳永逸地for long长久for the moment暂时目前for the present暂时for the purpose of为了for the sake of为了for the time being暂时free from解除没有…的free of无…的在…外面摆脱…的gain an advantage over胜过由于get across(使)越过通过被理解get along生活融洽相处进展有起色get at到达够得着了解指责get away逃脱离开把…送走get by通过混过get down下来吞下写下使沮丧get hold of抓住得到get in进入到达收获插入陷入get into进入陷入穿上get off下来脱下出发被容忍动身开始get on过活融洽相处进展(使)前进(口)发迹进展get on to靠近接近识破理解明白过来get on with继续做get out of从…之中获得…避免使说出get over爬过克服熬过恢复原谅get the best of胜过…对…占优势get the better of打败智胜get through到达做完通过度过打通give away送掉分发放弃泄露出卖让步陷下give back归还恢复后退反射(声光)give in投降屈服让步交上宣布give off发出(蒸汽光)长出(枝杈)give out分发发出(气味热)发表用尽筋疲力尽give rise to引起使发生give way撤退让路退让垮掉倒塌屈服go after追逐追求go ahead前进go along with一起去赞同附和go around走来走去供应go back on背弃go by(从…旁)走过依照顺便走访go down下去下沉坠落下降平静下来被咽下被接受传下去go for去找努力获取被认为主张拥护go in for参加追求从事赞成go into进入加入探究变得go into effect生效go into operation生效开始工作go off离开去世消失睡去爆炸被发射进行变质go on继续下去过去发生依靠接近进行依据go out出去熄灭过时罢工向往辞职倒塌go over(渡过…)转变,(对…进行)仔细检查,调色,复习go through经历经受仔细检查用完被通过参加搜查履行go up上升增长被兴建起来go with伴随与…相配和(异性)交朋友go wrong走错路误入歧途(机器等)发生故障hand down传下来宣布hand in hand手拉手联合hand on传递上去hand out把…拿出来分发施舍hand over移交hang about闲荡hang on坚持不挂断靠着渴望有赖于hang on to紧紧握住hang out挂出hang up挂断拖延把…挂起来hardly any几乎没有hardly before一…就…hardly when一…就…have access可以使用可以得到可以接近have an advantage over胜过优于have got拥有have got to do必须做have in mind思念存心have nothing to do with与…无关have something to do with与…有点关系have to do with与…有关head for出发动身前往head on迎面地heart and soul全心全意地help oneself自用hold back踌躇阻止抑制隐瞒hold on继续不挂断停止hold on to坚持hold out伸出提供维持阻止制止(口)扣留声称hold up举起支撑继续下去阻挡拦截if only只要improve on改进improve upon对…加以改进做出比…更好的东西in a hurry匆忙轻易地in a moment立刻in a sense在某种程度上稍稍in accordance with与…一致依照in addition另外in addition to除…之外in advance预先in all总共in any case无论如何in any event无论如何in brief简单扼要地in bulk散装大批in case of假设万一in common共有in concert一致一齐in conclusion最后总之in connection with与…有关连同in consequence 结果in consequence of由于…得缘故in contrast to和…形成对比in contrast with和…形成对比in debt负债in detail详细地in effect有效in essence本质上大体上其实in excess of超过较…多in favour of为…而征战参加支持…的活动in force大量已生效in hand在手上在进行中掌握住in honour of为纪念为庆祝in itself本质上完全地in light of按照根据in line成一条直线一致协调有秩序in line with符合in memory of纪念追念in nature实际上本质上in need of需要in no case绝不in no time 立刻in no way绝不in order整齐状况良好适宜in other words换句话说in part部分地in person亲自外貌上in place在适当的位置适当in place of代替in practice在实践中实际上熟练in proportion to与…成比例in public当众公开地公然地in question正被讨论有疑问in relation to关于涉及与…相比in respect of关于in return作为报答in return for作为…的报答in sequence顺次逐一in short简而言之in sight被看到in step不管in sum步调一致in tears流着泪in the course of在…期间in the distance在远处in the event of如果…发生in the face of面对in the first place首先in the last place最后in the least丝毫一点in the light of按照根据当做in the long run最后in the name of以…名义凭…in the past在过去in the way of关于…方面in the world世界上究竟in total整个地in touch在…能达到的地方在…附近可以接近的可以做到的in truth事实上实在in vain徒然in view在看得见的地方被考虑被期待inasmuch as由于因为independent of不依赖于…独立于…inform of通知告诉just now刚刚keep an eye on照看密切注视keep back阻止隐瞒留下keep down卧下镇压控制缩减保留keep from阻止隐瞒抑制keep in mind记住keep off让开不接近keep one’s head保持冷静keep one’s word守信keep pace with并驾齐驱keep to遵循keep up不低落维持继续knock down 击倒拆卸拍卖出knock out敲空击倒打破破坏使筋疲力尽know of知道有lack of缺乏短缺的东西laugh at嘲笑漠视因…发笑laugh off一笑置之lay aside搁置积蓄lay down放下放弃lay off解雇停止工作休息划出lay out摆开展示布置安排投资lead the way带路示范leak out导致通向lean on靠着learn by hear记住tleave alone不管leave behind留下遗留超过leave off停止不再穿leave out省去遗漏不考虑lend itself to有助于let alone更不用说let down放下使失望辜负松劲减速下降let go放开释放发射let off放出饶恕准许…暂停工作let out放掉泄露放大出租lie in睡懒觉待产line up整队排列起little by little渐渐live by以…为生live on继续生活以…为主食靠…生活live through度过经受过live up to实践做到long before很早以前look after目送寻求照顾关心look back回顾倒退追忆look at看考虑着眼于look down on轻视看不起蔑视look down upon蔑视瞧不起look for寻找期待look forward to期望期待盼望look in看望顺道访问look like像…似…外表特征是look on观看面向旁观看待look out面朝留神照料look over从…上面看察看检查原谅调查从上面看过去look through看穿审核浏览温习从…中显露look up向上看尊敬仰望查寻拜访好转lose heart丧失勇气lose one’s head被砍头不知所措lose one’s temper发脾气lose sight of不再看见忽略忘记major in主修make a difference紧要有差别make certain确定make for走向有利于倾向于导致向前进make friends with与…交友和睦make fun of取笑make one’s way一路前进向前make out书写填写拼凑进展说明设法应付理解辨认出了解make sense 有意义make sure确定确信证实make the best of充分利用尽力而为make the most of尽量利用充分利用make up弥补虚构缝制整理包装和解编辑化妆补足拼凑make up for补偿make up one’s mind下决心接受承认决定make use of使用利用make way前进让路mark out规划使注定要may as well最好mix up混合混淆调好next door隔壁next to靠紧…旁边次于(口)几乎no less than正如不少于no matter what无论何事no more不再no more than只是no other than只有正是no sooner than一…就…no wonder不足为奇的not at all一点也不not nearly远非not to mention不必提及nothing but只是now and then偶尔now that既然object to反对occur to想起想到off and on断断续续的off duty下班on a large scale大规模地on account of由于on an average平均起来on behalf of代表…为了…的利益on board到船上在船上on business因公on condition that如果on duty值班上班on earth在世上究竟on end竖着连续地on fire起火非常激动on foot走路on guard在岗警惕on hand在手头即将发生在场on occasion有时on one’s guard警惕on one’s own独自地独立地主动地on purpose故意on sale代售的拍卖的on schedule按时on second thoughts进一步考虑后on show被展出on the average平均按平均计算一般地说on the basis of以…为基础on the ground of以…为理由on the point of正要…的时候on the road在旅途中on the side of站在…一边赞助on the spot当场在危险中处于负责地位on the whole大体上基本上on trial在试验中在受审once for all只此一次once and for all断然地坚决地once in a while偶尔once more再一次once upon a time从前one after another一个又一个地one another彼此相互or else否则or so大约other than不同于除了out of breath上气不接下气out of control不受控制out of date过时的废弃的out of door在户外露天out of order次序颠倒不整齐状态不好out of place不在适当的位置不合适out of practice荒疏久不习练out of sight在看不见的地方out of the question不可能over and over again反复再三owing to由于因…缘故pass away去世pass on去世传递pay back偿还报答报复pay for偿还赔偿pay up全部付清pick out挑选pick up掘地捡起获得恢复原状加快看到识别出加速piece together拼凑play a part扮演一个角色参与装腔骗人prior to在前居先provide for作准备供养规定provide with给…提供以…装备pull down摧毁推翻使降低使身体变差使下跌使萎靡领取pull in进站靠岸pull off脱努力实现赢得pull on穿戴继续拉pull out拔出离开渡过难关恢复健康pull up拔起停下阻止put across圆满完成使被接受put aside撇开存储…备用put away放好存储…备用处理掉放弃抛弃put down放下拒绝镇压羞辱消减记下制止取缔put forward放出拿出提出推举出put in放进提出提交插入进入使就职种植进港put in for申请put into effect实行实施使生效实现put into operation使生效put off推迟拖延搪塞使分心使厌恶扔掉脱掉劝阻put on穿上把…放在上面装出假装增加欺骗添上(使)靠…维持生命put out放出伸出生产消除打扰麻烦作出努力使退场put to use使用利用put up举起抬起进行提供表现出建造提名推举put up with忍受容忍quite a few相当多的rather than胜于refer to查阅提到谈到打听relative to相对于remind of提醒是记起result from由…产生result in导致right away立刻ring off挂断电话停止谈话走掉离开ring up把(款项)记入现金记录机打电话给某人登录round about周围向相反方向迂回地大约run away with带…潜逃获得消耗轻易接受失控run down跑下耗尽停止撞到(经过搜索后)找到追捕到追溯逐渐恶化run into跑进撞上偶遇陷入达到run out of用完run over跑过去溢出超过限度匆匆看碾过扼要复述放完run through跑着穿过刺戳贯穿匆匆处理划掉挥霍see about查询留意于see off送行see through看穿识破see to负责注意send for召唤派人去拿send in递送呈报send off寄出派遣解雇给…送行serve for充当用作set about开始散布攻击着手set apart使分离使分开留出时间金钱等set aside留出不顾取消驳回set back阻碍使受挫折把(指针)往回拨使退步花费set down放下使下车使着陆登记把…归于击败把…看作记下放下制定set fire to纵火烧set forth阐明宣布提出陈列出发把(会议等)提前动身set free释放set off出发动身使爆炸引起使爆发衬托set out出发开始装饰陈列测定宣布移植陈述启程set up设立竖立架起升起装配创(记录)提出开业settle down定居平静下来专心于shake off抖落摆脱short of缺乏达不到除…以外只要没有show up揭露露出露面shut down把窗子等放下关下使机器关闭停车shut up关闭关上…全部门窗监禁住口保藏side by side并排并肩sit for坐着slow down使慢下来slow up使慢下来so as只要so far迄今为止so far as只要so long as只要sooner or later迟早spring up跳起来stand against抵抗stand by支持遵守袖手旁观准备行动stand for代表代替象征支持做…的候选人stand out站起来突出坚持抵抗stand up站起来竖立站得住脚坚持经得起拥护抵抗stand up for支持stand up to勇敢地抵抗step up走近逐步增加提升提高stick out伸出stick to黏住stir up激起鼓动煽动subject to使服从使遭受suffer from忍受遭受sum up计算…的总数概括总结switch off切断switch on接通take s chance冒险take a delight in喜爱以…为乐take advantage of利用take after像学样take apart拆开粗暴对待剖析take away取走take charge of负责看管take delight in乐于take down拿下记下拆卸病倒take effect见效生效take for认为以为take in接受接待吸收理解包括轻信注意到欺骗take into account重视考虑take off拿掉取消脱衣起飞减弱离开岔开复制take on披上呈现具有雇佣承担盛气凌人接纳流行take one’s time从容不迫take out拿出取出去掉出发取得扣除抵充发泄take over把…从一地带到另一地接收接管take pains尽力耐心take shape成形形成具体化有显著发展take the place of代替take to开始喜欢沉溺于走向照料求助于适应take turns轮流一次take up拿起开始从事继续吸收责备拘留占据认购talk over详尽地商议商量讨论说服tear up撕碎thanks to由于the moment立刻马上刚才the same as与…同样的think better of重新考虑决定不做较高评价think of考虑关心想起想象有…的看法think of as把…看作think over仔细考虑重新考虑throw away扔掉丢弃throw up呕吐猛地举起放弃产生使显眼to and for来回地往返地to the point中肯扼要touch on略微谈到try out试验考验提炼tune in收听收看turn down拒绝把…调低关小turn in向内拐上床睡觉上缴出卖告发做出取得turn off关掉避开使转变方向生产制造用车床加工出使厌烦变成turn on开启变得兴奋突然装出开始turn overturn out打扫驱逐使外倾生产起床翻出制造关掉turn to转向变成求助于致力于开始行动turn up找到发现出现折起拐入卷起使仰卧突然发生under control被控制住under the circumstances在这种情况下因为这种情况under way进行中在进行up to一直到等于up to date最近的最新的use up用完耗尽wait on服侍招待拜访焦急地等待warm up热身加热变暖感到亲切激动warn of警告某人关于某事wash up洗餐具watch out密切注视当心提放wear off逐渐减弱消失磨损耗损wear out消瘦穿破用坏克服消磨疲劳wind up卷起卷拢上紧…的发条结束使振奋使紧张wipe out消灭垮台(滑雪时)翻到电信封闭with regard to关于with respect to关于至于with the exception of除…以外with the purpose of以…为目的without question毫无疑问without exception毫无例外地一律word for word逐字地work on继续工作设法说服影响work out可以解决设计出做出计算出消耗完worthy of值得的应得的write off一口气写成的写信寄出注销勾销取消。
中石油职称英语考试大纲单词(全)
中石油职称英语词汇a/anart.一,—个;任何—个,每一;n.字母Aabandonn.放任,狂热;vt.放弃,遗弃abilityn.能力,才干ableadj.能…的,有才能的,能干的,能够的abnormaladj.反常的,变态的aboardadv.prep.在船(飞机、车)上,上船(飞机、车)aboutadv.附近,大约,转向,左右,周围;prep.在附近,关于,在…周围,忙于aboveadj.上面的,上述的,上文的;adv.在上面;prep.在…上方,过于,超出abroadadv.往国外,海外,到处,广泛,差得远,心里没有谱absencen.不在场,缺席,缺乏,没有absentadj.不在的,缺席的,缺少的;vt.缺席absoluteadj.完全的,绝对的,纯粹的,肯定的absolutelyadv.完全地,绝对地,纯粹地,肯定地absorbvt.吸收,吸引,使专心abstractadj.抽象的,理论上的,难解的;n.摘要,抽象物,提取物;vt.摘要,使抽象化,提取,抽取abundantadj.丰富的,充裕的,丰富,盛产,富于abusen.滥用,虐待,辱骂,陋习,弊端;v.滥用,辱骂academicadj.学院的,理论的,学术性的;n.大学教师,学者academyn.(高等)专科院校,研究院,学会,学院acceleratev.加速,促进accelerationn.加速度accentn.重音,口音,腔调,重音符acceptvi.同意,承认;vt.接受,认可,承担,承兑acceptableadj.可接受的,合意的acceptancen.接受,承认,赞同,认可,承兑accessn.通路,访问,入门;vt.存取,接近accessoryadj.附属的,补充的,副的,同谋的;n.附件,零件,附加物,从犯,同谋者accidentn.意外事件,事故accidentaladj.意外的,偶然的,附属的accommodatevt.供应,供给,使适应,调节,和解,向…提供住宿,容纳,调和;vi.适应accommodationn.住处,膳宿,(车,船,飞机等的)预订铺位,(眼睛等的)适应性调节,(社会集团间的)迁就融合accompanyvt.陪伴,伴奏accomplishvt.完成,达到,实现accordn.一致,符合,调和,协定;vt.一致,给予;vi.符合accordancen.一致,和谐accordinglyadv.因此,从而,相应地accountn.账目,报道,客户,理由;vi.说明,认为,得分;vt.认为accumulatev.积聚,堆积accuracyn.精确性,正确度accurateadj.正确的,精确的accusevt.控告,谴责,非难accustomvt.习惯于accustomedadj.通常的,习惯的,按照风俗习惯的achen.疼痛;vi.觉得疼痛,渴望achievevt.完成,达到achievementn.成就,功绩acidadj.酸的,讽刺的,刻薄的;n.[化]酸,(俚)迷幻药acknowledgevt.承认,答谢,告知收到(某物)acquaintancen.相识,熟人acquirevt.获得,学到acren.英亩acrossadv.横过,交叉地,在对面;prep.越过,交叉,在…的那边,在…对面那边actn.法案,法令,动作,举动,节目,(戏剧的)一幕;vi.行动,产生…的效果,担当,表演,假装,表现,见效;vt.扮演,装作actionn.动作,作用,战斗,行动,举动,行为,(戏剧或书中)的情节,诉讼activatev.刺激,使活动,激活,使产生放射性activeadj.积极的,有活动能力的,[语法]主动的;n.[语法]主动语态activityn.活跃,活动性,行动,行为,[核]放射性actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actualadj.实际的,真实的actuallyadv.实际上,事实上acuteadj.敏锐的,严重的,灵敏的,[医.]急性的adn.广告adaptvi.适应;vt.使适应,改编addvi.加,增添,做加法;vt.增加,添加,计算…总和,补充说additionn.加,加起来,增加物,另外,加法additionaladj.另外的,附加的,额外的additiveadj.附加的,加成的,添加的;n.添加剂addressn.地址,演讲vt.向…致辞,演说,写姓名地址,称呼adequateadj.适当的,足够的,可以胜任的adhere[ad'hia]vt.粘附,胶着,坚持adjacentadj.邻近的,接近的adjustvt.调整,调节,校准,使适合adjustmentn.调整,调节administrationn.管理,经营,施政,行政部门admirev.赞美,钦佩,羡慕admissionn.允许进入,承认,供认,入场费admitv.容许,承认,接纳adoptvt.采用,收养,采纳adultadj.成人的,成熟的;n.成年人advancen.前进,提升,预付款;v.前进,提前,预付;adj.前面的,预先的advancedadj.高级的,年老的,先进的advantagen.优势,有利条件,利益adventuren.冒险,冒险的经历;v.冒险adverbn.副词adverseadj.不利的,敌对的,相反的advertisev.做广告,登广告,宣扬advertisementn.广告advicen.忠告,建议,[商]通知advisableadj.可取的,明智的advisevt.劝告,忠告,建议advocaten.提倡者,鼓吹者,辩护人;vt.提倡,鼓吹,拥护aeroplanen.飞机affairn.事务,事件,(尤指关系不长久的)风流韵事affectvt.影响,感动,侵袭,假装,爱好affection.友爱,爱情,影响,疾病,倾向affirmv.断言,确认,肯定affordvt.担负得起,买得起,花得起,有能力担负;提供,给予afraidadj.害怕,担心African.非洲Africann.非洲人;adj.非洲的afteradv. prep. conj.在…之后,在…后面,模仿,与…一致,以…命名,后来的,后面的afternoonn.午后,下午afterwardadv.然后,后来againadv.又,再次,此外,再一次againstprep.相反,反对,逆着,靠着,倚着agen.年龄,使用年限,限定年龄,时代;v.变老,上年纪,成熟agencyn.代理处,行销处,代理,中介agentn.代理(商),作用剂,原动力aggressiveadj.好斗的,敢做敢为的,有闯劲的,侵略性的agoadv.以前的,以往的agonyn.苦恼,极大的痛苦agreevi.同意,赞成…的意见,与…一致,承认,适合;vt.同意agreementn.同意,一致,协定,协议agriculturen.农业,农艺,农学aheadadj. adv.在前,向前,提前aidn.帮助,援助,有帮助的事物;vt.资助,援助,帮助aimn.目标,目的,瞄准;v.对…瞄准,打算airn.空气,天空,空中,气氛;vt.晾干,使通风,宣扬,aircraftn.航行器,飞机airlinen.定期航线,航空公司airmailn.航空邮件airplanen.飞机airportn.(美>民用机场,航空站alarmn.警报,惊慌,警告器;vt.恐吓,警告alcoholn.酒精,酒alertadj.提防的,警惕的;n.警惕,警报;v.使…保持警觉alienn.外侨;adj.外国的,相异的,不同的alignvi.排列;vt.使结盟,使成一行alikeadj.相同的,相似的;adv.以同样的方式,类似于aliveadj.活着的,活泼的alladj.全部的,所有的,整个的;adv.完全;n.一切alliedadj.联合的,同盟的,与…同属一系allocatevt.分派,分配allowvt.允许,承认allowancen.津贴,补助,宽容,允许alloyn.合金;vt.使成合金,减低成色almostadv.几乎,差不多aloneadj.单独的,独一无二的,孤独的,独自的;adv.独自地alongadv.往前,向前;prep.顺着,沿着aloudadv.大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyadv.已经alsoadv.也,同样alterv.改变alternateadj.交替的,轮流的,预备的;v.交替,轮流,改变alternativen.二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物adj.选择性的,二中择一的alternativelyadv.作为选择,二者选一地althoughconj.虽然,尽管altituden.(尤指海拔)高度,高处(海拔甚高的地方)altogetheradv.完全地,总而言之aluminiumn.[化]铝;adj.铝的alwaysadv.总是,永远,始终amateurn.业余爱好者,业余艺术家amazevt.使吃惊ambitionn.野心,雄心ambulancen.战时流动医院,救护车American.<美)美国,美洲(包括北美和南美洲)Americann.美国人,美洲人;adj.美国的,美洲的amongprep.在…之中,…之一amongstprep.在…中间,在…之中amountn.数量;vt.总计,等于amperen.安培ampleadj.充足的,丰富的amplifyv.放大,增强,扩大amplituden.广阔,丰富,振幅(物理学名词)amusevt.使发笑,使愉快analogousadj.类似的,相似的,可比拟的analogyn.类似,类推analysen.分析;vt.分析,分解analysisn.分析,分解analyticadj.分析的,解析的analyzevt.分析,分解ancestorn.祖先,祖宗anchorn.锚;v.抛锚,锚定ancientadj.远古的,旧的andconj.和,并且,而且,于是,同时,然后,因而angeln.天使,完善可爱的人angern.怒,愤怒;v.恼火anglen.[数]角,角落;vi.钓鱼,曲解,按某一角度转动angryadj.生气的,愤怒的,狂暴的(风雨等)animaln.动物;adj.动物的anklen.[解]踝anniversaryn.周年纪念announcevt.宣布,通告announcern.广播员,告知者,报幕员annoyvt.使苦恼,骚扰annualn.一年生植物,年刊,年鉴;adj.一年一次的,每年的,一年生的anotheradj.另外的,又一,不同的;prep.另一个,另一个人,同类的东西answern.答案,回答,答辩,抗辩;v.回答说,答复说,符合,反响,响应antn.蚂蚁antennan.天线,(动>触角anticipatevt.预期,预见,预订,期望,过早使用,先人一着,占先anxietyn.忧虑,焦急,渴望,热望anxiousadj.观念的,担忧的,渴望的,盼望的anyadj.任何的,任何一种,所有的;pron.无论那一个,任何anybodypron.任何人,重要人物anyhowadv.无论如何,总之anyonepron.任何一个anythingpron.任何事anywayadv.无论如何,总之anywhereadv.无论何处apartadv.分离,分成零件,分别地,分离着apartmentn.(美)公寓住宅,单元住宅,房间apologizevi.道歉,辩白apologyn.(为某种思想,宗教,哲学等)辩解,道歉apparatusn.器械,设备,仪器apparentadj.显然的,外观上的appealn.请求,呼吁,上诉,吸引力,要求;vi.求助,诉请,要求;vt.控诉appearvi.出现,看来,似乎,公开露面,出版,发表appearancen.出现,露面,外貌,外观appendixn.附录,附属品,[解]阑尾appetiten.食欲,胃口,欲望,爱好applen.苹果,似苹果的果实appliancen.用具,器具applicableadj.可适用的,可应用的applicationn.请求,申请,申请表,应用,运用,施用,敷用,应用程序,应用软件applyvt.申请,应用;vi.申请,适用appointvt.约定,指定(时间,地点),任命,委任appointmentn.约会,指定,任命,选派appreciableadj.可感知的,可评估的appreciatevi.增值,涨价;vt.赏识,鉴赏,感激approachn.接近,逼近,走进,方法,步骤,途径,通路;vt.接近,动手处理;vi.靠近appropriateadj.适当的approvaln.赞成,承认,正式批准approvev.赞成,满意,批准,通过approximateadj.近似的,大约的;v.近似,接近approximatelyadv.近似地,大约Apriln.四月(略作Apr)aptadj.易于…的,有…倾向的,灵敏的,灵巧的,适当的Arabianadj.阿拉伯的,阿拉伯人的arbitraryadj.任意的,武断的,独裁的,专断的arcn.弧,弓形,拱archadj.主要的;n.拱门,弓形结构,拱形;v.(使)弯成弓形architecturen.建筑,建筑学,体系机构arean.范围arguevi.争论,辩论;vt.说服argumentn.争论,辩论,论据,论点arisevt.出现,发生,起因于,起来arithmeticn.算术,算法armn.臂,臂状物,衣袖,海湾,武器;vi.武装起来;vt.供给,提供,武装,装备armyn.陆军,军队,大群,大军aroundadv.周围,四周,到处,大约,左右;prep.在…周围,四处arousevi.睡醒;vt.唤醒,唤起,鼓励,引起arrangeyi.筹划,安排;vt.排列,整理,安排,布置,改编arrangementn.排列,安排arrayn.排列,编队,军队,盛装,大批;vt.部署,穿着,排列arrestn.逮捕,拘留;vt.逮捕,拘留,吸引arrival [a'raival]n.到来,到达,到达者arrivevi.到达,抵达arrown.箭,箭头记号artn.艺术,艺术品,技术,巧妙,美术articlen.文章,论文,物品,商品,项目,条款,冠词artificialadj.人造的,假的,非原产地的,虚假的artistn.艺术家,画家artisticadj.艺术的,有美感的,风雅的asadv.同样地,被看作,像;prep.当作;conj.像…一样,如同,当…时,因为,尽管,如此…以致ascendvi.攀登,上升ascertainvt.确定,探知vt.分配,指派,赋值assignmentn.分配,委派,任务,(课外)作业assistvt.援助,帮助assistancen.协助,援助,补助,(英>国家补助assistantadj.辅助的,助理的;n.助手,助教associateadj.副的;n.合作人,同事;vt.使发生联系,使联合;vi.交往,结交associationn.协会,联合,结交,联想assumevt.假定,设想,采取,呈现assumptionn.假定,设想,担任,承当,假装,作态assurancen.确信,断言,保证,担保assurevt.断然地说,确告,保证,担保astonishvt.使惊讶astronautn.太空人,宇航员atprep.在,于,向,对准,在…方面athleten.运动员,运动选手Atlanticadj.大西洋的;n.大西洋atmospheren.大气,空气,气氛atmosphericadj.大气的atomn.原子attachv.缚上,系上,贴上,配属,隶属于attachment n.附件,附加装置,配属attackn.进攻,攻击,(用语言)抨击,批评,疾病发作,侵袭;vt.攻击,抨击,动手处理(某事);vi.攻击attainv.达到,获得;到达attemptn.努力,尝试,企图;vt.尝试,企图attendvi.专心于,留意;vt.出席,参加,照顾,护理,注意attendantn.服务员;adj.伴随的,服侍的,附带的attentionn.注意,关心,关注,注意力,(口令)立正!attentiveadj.注意的,专心的,留意的attituden.姿势,态度,看法,意见attractvi.有吸引力,引起注意;vt.吸引attractionn.吸引,吸引力,吸引人的事物attractiveadj.吸引人的,有魅力的attributen.属性,品质,特征;vt.加于,把…归于,归因于…audiencen.听众,观众,接见,拜见Augustn.八月(略作Aug)august口巧.令人敬畏的,威严的auntn.姑妈,伯母,舅妈,阿姨auraladj.听觉的Australian.澳洲,澳大利亚Australianadj.澳洲的,澳大利亚的,澳大利亚人的;n.澳大利亚人authorn.作家,创造者authorityn.权威,威信,权威人士,权力,职权,典据,著作权威automaticadj.自动的,无意识的,机械的;n.自动机械automationn.自动控制,自动操作automobilen.(美>汽车(=(英) motorcar,car)autumnn.秋天,成熟期,渐衰期auxiliaryadj.辅助的,补助的;n.辅助者,助手availableadj.可用到的,可利用的,有用的,有空的,接受探访的avenuen.林荫道,大街,方法,途径,路averageadj.一般的,通常的,平均的;n.平均,平均水平,平均数;vi.买进,卖出;vt.平均为,均分,使平衡,达到平均水平aviationn.飞行,航空,航空学,航空术avoidvt.避免,消除awaitvt.等候awakeadj.警觉的,醒着的,意识到;vi.醒,觉醒领会,觉悟;vt.唤醒awardn.奖,奖品;vt.授予,判给awareadj.知道的,明白的,意识到的awayadv.在远处,到远处,离去awfuladj.可怕的,威严的,(口)极度的,糟糕的awfullyadv非常,很,十分awkwardadj.难使用的,笨拙的axn.斧头,战斧;vt.削减axisn.轴B.C.adj.公元前babyn.婴孩backadj.后面的,在后面,已过去的;adv.向后地;n.背部,后面;v.后退,支持backgroundn.背景,后台,不重要或不引人注目的地方或位置backwardadv.adj.向后地(的),相反地(的),追溯,退步,由好变坏bacterian.细菌badadj.劣质的,有害的,坏的,不利的,不健康的,严重的badgen.徽章,证章badlyadv.严重地,恶劣地badmintonn.羽毛球bafflevt.困惑,阻碍,为难;n.隔板bagn.袋子,猎获物baggagenn行李,[军]辎重bakev.烘焙,烤,烧硬balancen.秤,天平,平衡,[商]收支差额,结余,余额,资产平衡表;v.平衡,称,权衡,对比,结算balln.球,球状物,舞会,尽情地玩balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.带子,镶边,波段,队,乐队;v.联合,结合bangn.重击,突然巨响;v.发巨响,重击bankn.银行,堤,岸,沙洲,浅滩,一堆(土),(云)层,储藏所(库);vt.存(款)于银行,储蓄,(车或飞机)倾斜转弯bankruptadj.破产了的,完全丧失的;n.破产者;n.使破产bannern.旗帜,横幅,标语barn.条,棒(常用作栅栏,扣栓物),横木,酒吧间,栅,障碍物;vt.禁止,阻挡,妨碍,把门关住barbern.理发员,理发师bareadj.赤裸的,无遮蔽的,空的;vt.使赤裸,露出barelyadv.仅仅,刚刚,几乎不能bargainn.契约,合同,成交商品,便宜货;v.议价barkn.树皮,吠声;v.吠,咆哮barnn.[农]谷仓,畜棚,畜舍,机器房barrel['baeral]n.桶,一桶之量,枪管barriern.(阻碍通道的)障碍物,栅栏,屏障baseadj.卑鄙的,低级的;n.底部,基础,根据地,基地,本部,基数,(运动)出发点;vt.以…作基础,基于…basementn.地下室,墙脚basicadj.基本的,碱性的;n.基本,要素,基础;n.[计]BASIC语言,基本高级语言basicallyadv.基本上,主要地basinn.盆,盆地,水池basisn.基础,基本,根据,主要成分(或要素),(认识论中的)基本原则或原理basketn.篮,一篮basketballn.篮球,篮球运动batn.蝙蝠,球棒;vt.用球棒击球bathn.沐浴,浴室bathen.洗澡;v.沐浴,洗,(光线)充满bathroomn.浴室,盥洗室batteryn.电池,炮组,一组battlen.战役(指大规模会战),战争;vi.作战,战斗,搏斗,斗争bayn.海湾,狗吠声,月桂树;vf.吠;vt.吠,使走投无路beprep.是,在,存在;abbr.[域]Belgium,比利时BE =Bank of England 英格兰银行[英]beachn.海滩beadn.珠子,水珠beamn.梁,桁条,(光线的)束,柱,电波,横梁;v.播送beann.豆,豆形果实bearn.熊;v.负担,忍受,带给,挤beardn.胡须bearingn.轴承,关系.方面,意义,方向,方位beastn.兽,畜牲,人面兽心的人beatn.敲打,拍子,巡逻区域;v.打,打败beautifuladj.美丽的,很好的beautyn.美,美景,美好的东西,美人becauseconj.adv.因为becomevi.变成,成为,变得;vt.适合,相称bedn.床,基础,路基,河底,海底,一堆,一层;vi.上床,分层been.蜜蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeadv.在前,以前;conj.在…之前,与其…宁可;prep.在…之前beforehandadv.预先begv.请求,乞求beggarn.乞丐beginV.开始,首先beginnern.初学者beginningn.开始behalfn.利益behavevi.举动,举止,运转,行为表现behaviorn.举止,行为behaviourn.行为,举止,习性behindadv.在后;prep.在…之后beingbe的现在分词;n.存在,生命,人,本质beliefn.信任,信心,信仰believev.有坚定的宗教信仰,相信,信任,认为,想belln.铃,钟belongvi.处在,该在,( to)属于belovedadj.心爱的;n.所爱的人,爱人belowprep.在…下面,adv.在较低处,到下面beltn.带子,地带,腰带benchn.长椅子,法官bendn.弯曲;v.弯曲,专心于,屈服beneathadv.在…之下;prep.在…之下beneficialadj.有益的,受益的,[法律]有使用权的benefitn.利益,好处;1,f.受益;vt,有益于,有助于berryn.浆果besideprep.在旁边,和…比较besidesadv.此外;prep.除…之外bestadj.最好的;adv.最好地,最,极;n.最佳的状态或作品,最好的东西betn.赌,打赌;v.赌,赌钱betrayvt.出卖,背叛,泄露(秘密),露出…迹象betteradj.较好的;adv.更好,更多,更佳;n.较好的人(东西);v.改善,胜过betweenprep.在…之间,连接…,由…协力合作;adv.在其间,当中beyondadv.在远处;prep.在(到)…较远的一边,超过,那一边Biblen.圣经bicyclen.脚踏车,自行车;v.骑自行车bidn.出价,投标;vt.出价,投标,祝愿,命令,吩咐,支付bigadj.大的,重要的,量大的,重要的biken.脚踏车,自行车billn.账单,钞票,票据,清单,议案,法案,广告;vt.用海报宣传,把…列成表,给…开账单billionadj.(美、法)十亿(的),(英、德)万亿(的);n.(美、法)十亿(的),(英、德)万亿(的);bindv.绑,镶边,装订,凝固,约束biologyn.生物学,生物(总称)birdn.鸟,(俚)人birthn.出生,产生,出身birthdayn.生日biscuitn.饼干,小点心bitn.小块,少量,片刻,钻头,刀头,辅币,[计]位,比特biten.咬,咬伤,一口,刺痛;v.咬,刺痛bitter adj.苦的,痛苦的,怀恨的bitterlyadv.苦苦地,悲痛地,厉害地blackadj.黑色的,弄脏了的,忧郁的;n.黑色,黑颜料,黑人;vt.(使)变黑,涂黑blackboardn.黑板bladen.刀刃,刀片blamen.过失,责备;vt.责备,谴责blankadj.空白的,空着的,失色的,没有表情的;n.空白,(美>表格blanketn.毯子;vt.覆盖blastn.一阵(风),一股(气流),爆炸,冲击波;vt.爆炸,毁灭,使枯萎,损害blazen.火焰,光辉,情感爆发;vi.燃烧,照耀,激发;vt.公开宣布bleedv.使出血,放血blendn.混合物;vt.混合blessvt.祝福,保佑,(口)哎呀!我的天哪!blindadj.瞎的,盲目的;vt.使失明,缺乏眼光或判断力;n.窗帘,欺瞒,掩饰,隐蔽处blockn.木块,石块,块,街区,印版,滑轮,阻滞,(一)批;vt.妨碍,阻塞bloodn.血,血液,血统;v.使(某人)先取得经验bloomn.花,旺盛,青春;v.(使)开花,(使)繁盛blossomn.花(尤指结果实者),花开的状态,兴旺期;vi.开花,兴旺,发展blueadj.蓝色的,忧郁的,沮丧的;n.蓝色blown.殴打,突然的打击;v.风吹,吹气于,叫,烧断boardn.木板,(供特殊用途的)木板,甲板,膳食费用,会议桌,部;vt.用板盖上,包伙食,提供膳食,上(船、飞机等)boastn.自夸,值得夸耀的事物;v.自夸,以有…而自豪boatn.小船,艇;v.划船bodyn.身体,肉体,人,尸体,主要部分,团体,大量;vt.赋以形体boiln.沸点,沸腾,疖子;v.煮沸,激动boilern.煮器(锅,壶的统称),汽锅,锅炉boldadj.大胆的,粗体的,冒失的,显眼的boltn.门闩,螺钉,闪电,跑掉;v.上门闩,囫囵吞下,逃跑bombn.炸弹;vt.投弹于,轰炸bondn.结合(物),黏结(剂),联结,公债,债券,合同;v.结合bonen.骨;v.剔除bookn.书,书籍,卷,篇,账簿,名册,工作簿;v.登记,预订,控告boomn.繁荣,隆隆声;v.发隆隆声,兴隆bootn.<美>(长统)靴,靴子,引导启动程序boothn.货摊,售货亭,棚bordern.边界,国界,边,边沿,边境;vt.与…接壤,接近,近似bore[b3:]n.令人讨厌的人,怒潮,枪膛,孔;v.使烦扰,钻孔bornadj.天生的,原本的,天生就…的;vbl.出生borrowv.借,借人,借用bosomn.胸部,胸,胸怀,内心,内部,中间,任何温暖、舒适而熟悉的地方bossn.老板,上司;vt.指挥bothadj.两者,双方的;pron.双方,两者bothern.麻烦,烦扰;vi.烦恼,操心;vt.烦扰,打扰bottlevt.烦恼,操心;vt.烦扰,n.瓶子;vt.用瓶装bottomadj.底部的;n.底,底部,尽头,末端;vt.装底,查明真相,测量深浅;vi.到达底部,建立基础boughn.大树枝,主枝bouncen.(球)跳起,弹回;v.(使)反跳,弹起,(指支票)被银行退票,弹跳boundadj.正要启程的,开往…去的,被束缚的,装订的;n.进,跳,范围,限度;v.跳跃,限制boundaryn.边界,分界线bown.弓,乐弓,弓形,鞠躬,船首;v.鞠躬,弯腰bowln.碗,碗状物,木球;v.滚,(板球)投球boxn.盒子,箱,包厢,岗亭,一拳;v.装…入盒中,打耳光,拳击boyn.男孩,儿子,孩子气的人,男仆brainn.脑,头脑braken.闸,刹车;v.刹车branchn.枝,分枝,分部,分店,(学科)分科,部门,支流,支脉;v.出现分歧brandn.商标,牌子,烙印;vt.打烙印brandyn.白兰地酒brassn.黄铜,黄铜制品braveadj.勇敢的breadn.面包,生计breadthn.宽度,(布的)幅宽,(船)幅breakn.休息,暂停,破裂,突变;v.打破,违犯,折断,削弱,超过,突变breakfastn.早餐;vi.进早餐breastn.胸部,乳房,胸怀,心情;vt.以胸对着,对付breathn.呼吸,气息,气味breathev.呼吸,发出,低语breedn.品种,种类;v.(使)繁殖,教养,抚养breezen.微风,煤屑,轻而易举的事,小风波;vi.吹微风,逃走brickn.砖,砖块,砖形物(如茶砖,冰砖等)bridgen.桥,舰桥,鼻梁,桥牌;vt.架桥,渡过briefn.摘要,大纲;adj.简短的,短暂的;vt.摘要,(军事)下达简令brightadj.明亮的,辉煌的,欢快的,聪明的,伶俐的brightenv.(使)变亮,(使)愉快brilliantadj.灿烂的,闪耀的,有才气的brimn.(杯,碗等)边,边缘,(河)边;vi.满溢;vt.注满,使满溢bringvi.停下;vt.拿来,带来,产生,引起,提出(诉讼)briskadj.敏锐的,凛冽的,轻快的,活泼的bristlen.刚毛,猪鬃;vi.(毛发等)竖起,发怒;adj.长满硬毛的,易发怒的Britainn.英国,不列颠Britishadj.大不列颠的,英国的,英国人的;n.英国人brittleadj.易碎的,脆弱的broadadj.宽的,阔的,广泛的,明朗的,显著的,主要的;n.湖沼地区broadcastn.广播,播音;v.播撒(种子),(无线电或电视)广播,播送,播放brokenadj.坏掉的,患病的,被制服的,断掉的;vbl.break的过去分词bronzeadj.青铜色的;n.青铜(铜与锡合金),铜像broodn.(动物中鸟或家禽的)一窝,(同种或同类的)一伙;vt.沉思brookn.小溪;vt.容忍broomn.扫帚,[植]金雀花;vt.扫除brothern.兄弟brown.眉毛,额,(面部)表情brownn.褐色adj.褐色的,棕色的;v.(使)成褐色,晒黑bruisen.瘀伤,擦伤;v.打伤,撞伤brushn.刷子,毛刷,画笔;vt.刷,掸,拂bruteadj.残忍的,畜生般的;n.残忍的人,畜生bubblen.泡沫,幻想的计划;vi.起泡,潺潺地流bucketn.桶,一桶的量,[桶状物]铲斗budn.芽,蓓蕾;vi.发芽,萌芽budgetn.预算;vi.做预算,编人预算buildn.构造,体格,体形;v.建造,建筑buildingn.建筑物,营造物(如房屋,大楼,工厂,船等)bulbn.鳞茎,球形物,电灯泡bulkn.大小,体积,大批,大多数,散装;vt.显得大,起重大作用;adj.大批的bull[bul]n.[动]公牛,粗壮如牛的人,(股票)多头bulletn.子弹bunchn.串,束;v.捆成一束bundlen.捆,束,包;v.捆扎burdenn.担子,负担;v.负担bureaun.办公桌,衣柜,<美>局,办公署burn[n.烧伤,灼伤;v.烧,烧焦,点(灯),使感觉烧热burstn.突然破裂,爆发,脉冲;v.爆裂,炸破,急于,爆发buryvt.埋葬,掩埋,隐藏busn.公共汽车bushn.矮树丛,灌木businessn.商业,买卖,交易,生意,事情,事物,营业,商行busyadj.忙碌的,热闹的butadv几乎,仅仅;conj.而是,但是;prep.除…以外butchern.屠夫,屠户;vt.屠宰,屠杀buttern.黄油,牛油;vt.涂黄油于…上butterflyn.[动]蝴蝶,蝶泳buttonn.纽扣,[计]按钮;v.扣住,扣紧buyn.廉价品,合算的买卖;v.买byadv.通过,经过,附近;prep.在附近,在旁边,经,由,依据,按照,通过,用cabbagen.[植]甘蓝,卷心菜cabinn.小屋,船舱cabinetadj.(美)内阁的,小巧的;n.(有抽屉或格子的)橱柜,(美)内阁cablen.电缆,海底电报,缆,索;v.拍电报cafen.咖啡馆,小餐馆cafeterian.自助餐厅cagen.笼,槛,(矿井)贯笼caken.蛋糕,饼,饼状物calciumn.[化]钙(元素符号Ca)calculatev.计算,考虑,计划,打算;v.(美)以为,认为calculationn.计算,考虑calculatorn.计算机,计算器calendarn.日历,历法calibratev.校准calibrationn.标度,刻度,校准calln.喊声,叫声,命令,号召,访问,叫牌,通话,必要;v.呼叫,召集,称呼,认为,命名,打电话calmadj.(天气、海洋等)静的,平静的,镇静的,沉着的;v.(使)平静,(使)镇定,平息cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机campn.露营地,阵营;vi.露营,扎营campaignn.[军]战役,(政治或商业性)活动,竞选运动;vi.参加活动,从事活动,作战campusn.<美)校园,大学教育canconj.能,可以;n.罐头,铁罐;vt.装进罐中,把食品装罐Canadan.加拿大Canadianadj.加拿大的;n.加拿大人canaln.运河,小道,导管,槽,沟渠;vt.开运河cancelvt.取消,删去cancern.癌,毒瘤candidaten.候选人,报考者candlen.蜡烛candyn.糖果,冰糖;v.蜜饯,糖煮(水果)cannonn.大炮,加农炮;v.炮轰canoen.独木舟,轻舟canteenn.小卖部,食堂,餐厅,饭盒,(军用)水壶canvasn.帆布,油画capn.帽子,军帽,(瓶)帽,(笔)帽;vt.覆盖,胜过capabilityn.(实际)能力,性能,容量,接受力capableadj.有能力的,能干的,有可能的,可以…的capacityn.容量,生产量,容量,智能,才能,能力,接受力,地位capitaladj.资金的,重要的,死罪的,大写的;n.首都,首府,大写字母,资本,资金,资产captainn.队长,首领,船长,机长,(空军,海军)上校,(陆军)上尉;v.指挥,统帅captiveadj.被俘的,被迷住的;n.俘虏,被美色或爱情迷住的人capturen.捕获,战利品;vt.俘获,捕获,夺取carn.汽车,小汽车,车辆,客车,[铁]车厢carbonn.[化]碳(元素符号C),(一张)复写纸carbonaten.[化]碳酸盐;vt.使变成碳酸盐,使充满二氧化碳,碳化cardn.纸牌,卡片,信用卡caren.注意,照料,烦恼,忧虑,由…转交;vi.关心,顾虑,照顾,喜爱;vt.在意careern.(原意:道路,轨道)事业,生涯,速度carefuladj.小心的,仔细的carelessadj.粗心的,疏忽的cargon.船货,(车、船、飞机等运输的)货物carpentern.木匠carpetn.地毯carriagen.马车,客车,运费,(机械)车架carriern.运送者,邮递员,带菌者,(自行车等)行李架,搬运器,航空母舰;[电]载波(信号)carrotn.胡萝卜carryn.进位,射程,运载;vi.被携带,能达到;vi.携带,运送,支持,支撑,传送,意味cartn.大车,手推车;vt.用车装载carvev.雕刻,切开casen.事,病例,案例,情形,场合,讼案,容器,(语法)格cashn.现金;vt.兑现casingn.罩,壳,套,管cassetten.盒子,盒式磁带castn.投掷,铸件,脱落物,一瞥,演员表;v.投,抛,浇铸,计算,派(角色)castlen.城堡casualadj.偶然的,不经意的,临时的catn.猫catalogn.目录,目录册;v.编目录catalystn.催化剂catchn.捕捉,捕获物,(窗)钩;v.捕获,赶上(车船等),发觉,感染(疾病),抓住,燃着categoryn.种类,别,[逻]范畴cathedraln.大教堂cattlen.牛,家养牲畜causen.原因,导致某事发生的人或事,动机,理由,根据,目标,理想,事业;vt.引起,惹起,使(发生),促成cautionn.小心,谨慎,警告;vt.警告caven.洞穴,窑洞;vi.凹陷,投降;vt.挖洞,使凹陷ceasev.停止,终了ceilingn.天花板,最高限度celebratev.庆祝,祝贺,表扬,赞美,举行celln.单元,细胞,蜂房,(尤指监狱或寺院的)单人房间,电池cellarn.地窖,地下室,酒窖,藏酒室cementn.水泥,接合剂;vi.粘牢;vt.接合,用水泥涂,巩固centn.(货币单位)分,分币centigradeadj.分为百度的,百分度的,摄氏温度的centimetren.厘米,公分centraladj.中心的,中央的,重要的,主要的,中枢的,走中间道路的centren.中心,中央,中心区;v.集中centuryn.世纪,百年,板球中的一百分ceremonyn.典礼,仪式,礼节certainadj.确定的,某一个,无疑的,必然的,可靠的;pron.某几个,某些certainlyadv.的确,(口语)当然,行certaintyn.确定,确实的事情,确定性certificaten.证书,证明书;vt.发给证明书,以证书形式授权给…chainn.链(条),镣铐,一连串,一系列vt.用链条拴住chairn.椅子,教授职位,主席位,讲座;vt.担任主席(主持人)chairmann.席,会长chalkn.笔,白垩;vt.粉笔写,和以白垩challengen.挑战;vt.向…挑战chambern.室,房间,议院,会所,卧室championn.冠军,拥护者,战士;vt.拥护,支持chance]adj.偶然的;n.机会,可能性,偶然性,运气;v.碰巧,偶然发生,冒…的险changen.改变,变化,转变,找回的零钱,找头,辅币;vt.改变,变革,改造,兑换channeln.海峡,水道,沟,路线,信道,频道;vt.引导,开导,形成河道chaptern.(书籍)章charactern.(事物的)特性,性质,特征(的总和),(人的)品质,字符,性格,特征,人物characteristicadj.特有的,表示特性的,典型的;n.特性,特征characterizevt.表现…的特色,刻画的…性格chargen.负荷,电荷,费用,主管,掌管,充电,充气,装料;v.装满,控诉,责令,告诫,指示,加罪于,冲锋,收费charityn.慈善,施舍,慈善团体charmingadj.迷人的,娇媚的chartn.海图,图表;vt.制图chartervt.租,包(船、车等);n.宪章chasen.追赶,追击;vt.追赶,追逐,雕镂cheapadj.便宜的,不值钱的cheatn.欺骗,骗子;v.欺骗,骗取checkn.阻止,制止,控制,阻止物,支票,检讫的记号,饭馆的账单;vi.证明无误,核对无误,逐项相符,[象棋]将军;vt.检查,制止,核对,寄存,托运cheekn.颊,厚颜,类似颊的事物cheern.愉快,欢呼;v.(使)快活,(对……)欢呼cheerfuladj.愉快的,高兴的cheesen.干酪,乳酪chemicaladj.化学的;n.化学制品,化学药品chemistn.化学家,药剂师chemistryn.化学chequen.支票cherryn.樱桃,樱桃树,如樱桃的鲜红色chessn.国际象棋chestn.胸腔,胸膛,箱,柜chewv.咀嚼,认真考虑chickenn.小鸡,鸡肉,胆小鬼chiefn.首领,领袖,酋长,长官,主要部分,最有价值的部分;a主要的,首要的,首席的,主任的childn.孩子,儿女,子孙childhoodn.孩童时期childishadj.孩子气的,幼稚的chilladj.寒冷的;n.寒意,寒战,寒心;v.使冷,变冷,冷藏chimneyn.烟囱,灯罩chinn.下巴,下颚chinan.陶瓷,瓷器,瓷料Chinan.中国Chineseadj.中国的,中国人的,中国话的,汉语的;n.中国人,中国话,汉语,中文chipn.碎片,筹码,芯片;v.削成碎片,碎裂chloriden.[化]氯化物chocolaten.巧克力,巧克力色choiceadj.精选的,上等的,挑三拣四的,可选的,宠爱的,爱惜的;n.选择,抉择,精选品,选择机会,选择权choken.窒息,阻气门;v.窒息,哽住,使呼吸困难,阻塞choosev.选择,选定chopn..砍,排骨,官印,商标;vt.剁碎,砍,(风浪)突变Christiann.基督徒,信徒;adj.基督教的,信基督教的Christmasn.(纪念耶稣基督诞生的节日,12月25日)圣诞节churchn.教堂,礼拜堂,教会,教派,[宗]礼拜cigaretten.香烟,纸烟cineman.电影院,电影circlen.圆周,圆形物,派系,循环;v.围,环绕,盘旋circuitn.电路,一圈,周游,巡回circularadj.圆形的,循环的;n.函件,通知circulatev.(使)流通,(使)运行,(使)循环,(使)传播circulationn.循环,流通,发行额circumferencen.圆周,周围circumstancen.环境,详情,境况citevt.引用,引证,提名表扬citizenn.市民,公民cityn.城市,都市,全体居民,城邦civiladj.全民的,市民的,公民的,国民的,民间的,民事的,根据民法的,文职的,有礼貌的civilizationn.文明,文化,文明社会,文明,一个著名游戏的名称。
2012中石油职称英语考试大纲
2012中石油职称英语考试大纲一、等级的划分晋升职称英语水平考试共分为A、B两个等级。
申报高级职称的人员需参加A级考试,申报中级职称的人员需参加B级考试。
二、评价目标考试对应试者的英语词汇量、英语语法只是、阅读理解能力和翻译能力的要求分别如下:(一)词汇考试所涉及的词、短语主要根据本大纲所附词汇表。
对申报不同级别的应试者要求认知的词汇量不等。
1.申报A级的人员应熟练认知5000个左右的单词和短语。
2.申报B级的人员应熟练认知4000个左右的单词和短语。
3.考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构活上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
相关介绍:在级别上,中石油职称英语考试只有A、B两个级别,而全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试则分为A、B、C三个级别。
在题型上,中石油职称英语考试是由客观题和主观题两大部分组成的。
而全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试只有客观题部分。
在试券结构与考试难度上,中石油职称英语考试与全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试也有所不同。
摘要:中石油系统职称英语考试是中石油企业内部的英语认证,是从助理工程师到工程师的必要条件,也就是只有英语考试合格后才有资格评职称,有效期五年。
中石油系统职称英语考试是中石油企业内部的英语认证,是从助理工程师到工程师的必要条件,也就是只有英语考试合格后才有资格评职称,有效期五年。
在级别上,中石油职称英语考试只有A、B两个级别,而全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试则分为A、B、C三个级别。
在题型上,中石油职称英语考试是由客观题和主观题两大部分组成的。
而全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试只有客观题部分。
在试券结构与考试难度上,中石油职称英语考试与全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试也有所不同。
中石油职称英语考试题型分客观题型和主观题型。
第一部分为客观题型,第二部分为主观题型。
客观题占总分的80%,主观题占总分的20%。
答题时间总计为120分钟。
欢迎大家来到新东方网络课堂(/aky6sx),我是新东方中石油职称英语主讲老师,我叫曹书畅。
2013中石油职称英语考试大纲后-全真模拟试题答案及解析【6】
模拟试题六参考答案及部分试题答案解析一、答案I. Vocabulary1-20 CBCCD ADDDB CBDDB DADCCII. Grammatical Structure21-40 ACACB CACBA DDBCB BAACCIII. Reading Comprehension41-60 BBBAB ADCCC BCABC DCCAD61-70 BABCB ABDCBIV. Translation 翻译答案略,请参考2007年版通用英语选读相关课文。
二、解析I. Vocabulary1.【答案】【译文】救护车必须优先通过,因为它通常是为了紧急情况。
【试题分析】词语辨析题。
【详细解答】emergence意为“出现”;crisis是“危机”,一般是政治、经济或情感危机;urgency也是紧急,但更强调意义重大,而emergency则是意料之外的、危险的紧急情况,更符合句意。
2.【答案】B【考点】短语辨析B)throw/shed/cast light on“阐明,解释”;A)stray away from“偏离”;C)give birth to“ 产生,引起”give birth to a dispute引起一场争吵;D)fall back on“求助于”In an emergency we can fall back on our savings. 紧急时候我们可动用储蓄。
【译文】在魔术师点破他的戏法之前,没有人能说出他是如何从帽子里变出一只兔子的。
3.【答案】【译文】两百多年前,美国脱离了大英帝国,成为一个独立的国家。
【试题分析】词组辨析题。
【详细解答】break away表示“脱离,放弃”。
get off表示“下来,动身,摆脱”。
pull down表示“推翻”。
drop off表示“离开,减少”。
显然A、B、D都与句意不符。
4.【答案】C【译文】所有的人都朝着爆炸的方向看去。
【试题分析】介词搭配。
石油人 第五届(2013年)中石油职称英语网络培训《大纲语法》分词
14.分词一、分词的种类和形式分词由动词转为形容的词,和普通的形容词一样,可修饰名词。
修饰名词时一般放在名词之前,有些也可以放在名词之后。
分词当做形容词来用时,仍然带有动词的性质,所以必要时,可以带宾语或副词,此时只能放在所修饰的名词后面。
分词有现在分词和过去分词之分,现在分词又有主动式、一般被动式、完成主动式和完成被动式之分。
如下表:时态\语态主动被动一般式doing being done完成式having done having beendone否定形式Not+不定式Not+ 现在分词二、分词作定语1、分词前置例:We can see the rising sun.我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人2、分词后置有以下几种情况:i:分词词组;ii.个别分词如given,left;iii。
修饰不定代词something等例:There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 这是所给的问题There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西3、过去分词作定语,与其修饰的词时被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
例:Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 应邀参加这个晚会的大多数人都是著名的科学家Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 应邀参加这个晚会的大多数艺术家来自南非。
4、现在分词作定语,与其修饰的词是主动关系,相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。
例:The basketball players dribbling the ball is Kevin Garnet.那个在运球的篮球运动员是凯文.加内特。
2008年中石油职称英语重点词汇
applicationPetroleum geology is the application of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration for and production of oil and gas. 石油地质学是地质学(岩石研究)在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。
The application of chemistry to the study of rocks (geochemistry) has many uses in petroleum geology. 化学应用到石油地质的岩石研究(地球化学)中有许多作用The application of physics to the study of rocks (geophysics) is very important in petroleum geology. 在石油地质中,将物理应用到岩石研究(地球物理)中很重要Impose施加(税、义务等负面含义的词)于…(常与on连用)选项中常见:A. dispose(处理) B. expose暴露 C. suppose假定 D. impose E. compose构成;F. propose提议1. These adjustments may impose enormous strains(压力)on a global economic system2. Within a month of the adoption of the plan, new environmental taxes on cars, gasoline,and wood products were imposed(收税)3. To translate its vision into action, the Chinese government will need strong policies,such as the environmental taxes already imposed(收税)4. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker(限制)5. The South African State Oil Company (SOEKOR) is under a statutory obligation imposedby its government(责任、义务)6. But if the U.S. were to impose punitive measures,(惩罚性措施) Iran would probablyretaliate. 但如果美国强行施加惩罚性措施,伊朗很可能进行报复。
中石油职称英语考试真题及部分参考
博研石油论坛网2006 年中石油职称英语考试真题及部分参照答案I. Vocabulary1. They remained full of hope and determination ______ their repeated failures. 纲领 6--8A. in spite ofB. instead ofC. in search ofD. because of2.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their cars, and this ______ creates further problems. 纲领 3--9A. in turnB. in caseC. after allD. in time3.The football player is hoping to ______ to another club. 纲领 4--2A. transferB. transmitC. transformD. transport4.I wish my son would stop ______ and do something realistic.纲领 5--12A. hanging onB. hanging on toC. hanging aboutD. hanging up5.He was ______ by the external examiner. 04 版- 7 课A. feltB. loseC. failedD. defeated6.A trap is one of the five essential ______ for a commercial accumulation of oil or gas. 04版- 20课A. acquisitiveB. quietC. acquaintancesD. requisites7.The Saudis are also afraid that releasing too much oil could prompt a sudden price ______. 04版-50 A. deposit B. crash C. dump D. collapse8.The largest ______ever to attend a soccer match was at the World Cup final on July 16, 1950(.4-44) A. crowd B. swarm C. herd D. flock9.If you travel ______ , you see new customs, eat new foods, do new things, and come back home with a broader mind. 04 版- 21A. aboardB. abroadC. overseaD. domestic10.The special education class contained the slow learners, those with ______ or mental disabilities, or those whose behavior made it hard for them to learn. 04版- 31A. physicalB. practicalC. naturalD. behavior11. By one ______, almost one billion people watched the 1982 championship game on-44A. guessB. estimateC. predictD.expect12. Petrochemicals are generally chemical ______ derived from petroleum. 04版- 46A. compoundsB. complexC. combinedD. complicated13. American pencil makers ______ their product by the millions. 04版- 40A. turn outB. turn downC. make ofD. make out14. Washington Roebling was a cripple ______ he lived. 04版- 60A. as soon asB. as long asC. as much asD. as far as15.The Buick driver, a former convict, had been ______ from the Oklahoma county jail only aweek before. 04 版- 54A. relaxedB. releasedC. relayedD. relieved16.Lincoln pulled Grigsby off, raised him shoulder high and threw him aside ______ he were asack of meal. 04版- 25A. even thoughB. just becauseC. now thatD. as though17.Gene technology is already being used in a ______ of fields. 04版- 42A. varietyB. variousC. variantD. scarcity18.The oil under the surface of the earth ______ in the distant past. 04版- 45A. manufacturedB. generatedC. originatedD. estimated石油专业资料下载119.The costs may be so high that no company will ______ the work, 04版- 45A. undergoB. underweightC. understandD. undertake20.If President Jackson ______ of a paper, he would write“all correct”on it. 04 版- 59A. consentedB. admittedC. approvedD. agreedII. Grammatical Structure21.I would rather ______ here than go home书.外题A. to stayB. stayedC. stayD. staying22.The test ______, we began our holiday.书外题A. finishingB. having finishedC. finishedD. being finished23.I’m not sure ______.书外题A. why did she refused theft invitationB. why would she refused their invitationC. why have she refused their invitationD. why she refused their invitation24.Each of us ______ thinking the same thing. 04版- 5(在时态上改了一下)A. amB. isC. areD. were25: China is larger than ______书.外题A. any countries in AsiaB. any other countries in AsiaC. all countries in AsiaD. Japan and Thailand as well as Asia26.The existence of oil wells ______ for a long time. 04版- 45A. been knownB. was knownC. had been knownD. has been known27.Soccer is a fast sport ______ demands strong, hard play.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. in which28.If that Shell had hit us half a second sooner, it ______ the pilot. 04 版- 5A. might have hitB. might hitC. must have hitD. would hit29.Not ______ any letter from him, I gave him a call.A. receiveB. receivingC. receivedD. have received30.This room needs ______.A. cleanB. to cleanC. being cleanD. cleaning21-30 CBDBB CBABD31-40 CCDBBABBAD31.I saw him ______.A. to danceB. dancesC. danceD. being dance32.It was very reluctantly ______ she agreed to help.A. forB. whatC. thatD. to33.We would like to hear some more ideas, ______ this matter?A. What do you think toB. How do you think ofC. How is your idea onD. What is your opinion on34.Not till he got home ______ that he had lost his keys.A. he realizedB. did he realizeC. realized heD. he did realize35.We shall start at seven if it __ by that time.A. will stop rainingB. has stopped rainingC. will have stopped to rainD. stop to rain36.Like the old, __ respected in our country.A. the female areB. the female isC. a female isD. female is石油专业资料下载237.Let us wait for you in the reading-room, __ ?A. shall weB. will youC. do weD. can you38.You’ll soon get used to __ a large breakfast in England大.纲 5--35A. eatB. eatingC. it that you eatD. you eat39.Since ___, he had to postpone his departure for Europe.A. he was illB. his illC. being illD. ill40.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed __A. to be caughtB. to caughtC. caughtD. being caughtReading Comprehension(书外文章 ) Television was not invented by any one person. Nor did it spring into being overnight. It developed gradually, over a long period, from the ideas of many people - each one building on the work of their predecessors’.The process began in 1873, when it was accidentally discovered that the electrical resistance of the element selenium硒() varied in proportion to the intensity of the light shining on it. Scientists quickly recognized that this provided a way of transforming light variations into electrical signals. Almost immediately a number of schemes were proposed for sending pictures by wire (it was, of course, before radio).One of the earliest of these schemes was patterned on the human eye. Suggestedby G. R. Carey in 1875. It envisioned ( 想像,展望 ) a mosaic (感光嵌镶幕 ) of selenium cells on which the picture to be transmitted would be focused by a lens system. At the receiving end there would be a similarly arranged mosaic made up of electric lights. Each selenium cell would be connected by an individual wire to the similarly placed light in the receiving mosaic. Light falling on the seleniumcell would cause the associated electric light to shine in proportion. Thus the mosaic of lights would reproduce the original pictures, Had the necessaryamplifiers( 放大器 )and the right kind of lights been available this system would have worked. But it also would have required an impractical number of connecting wires. Carey recognized this and in a second scheme proposed to“scan”the cells - transmitting the signal from each cell to its associated light, in turn, over a single wire. If this were done fast enough the retaining power of the eye would cause the resultant image to be seen asa complete picture.41.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Television in the Electronic EraB.Harmful Effects of Television ViewingC.First Steps in the Invention of TelevisionD.The Art of Television42.As it is used in the passage, the word“predecessors”(paragraph 1) meansA.a teacher of the highest rank in a university departmentB.a person who plans and understands the making of machines, roads, bridges, etc.C.a person who teaches, esp. as a professionD.a person who held a position before someone else43.An important discovery in early television was the electrical resistance of___A. mosaicsB. the human eyeC. lensesD. the element selenium 44. According to the information of the passage, the original picture would be reproduced by theA. signal of lightsB. mosaic of lightsC. element seleniumD. selenium cellsQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:(2004版第六课The Art of Public Speaking) There are many similarities between public speaking and daily conversation. The three major goals of public speaking - to inform, to persuade, to entertain - are also the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost石油专业资料下载3without thinking about it, you employ a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically. You tailor your message to your audience. You tell a story for maximum impact. You adapt to feedback from your listener. These are among the most important skills you will need for public speaking.Of course, public speaking is also different from conversation. First, public speaking is more highly structured than conversation. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker, and it requires more detailed preparation than ordinary conversation. Second, speechmaking requires more formal language. Listeners react negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon, and bad grammar. Third public speaking demands a different method of delivery. Effective speakers adjust their voices to the larger audience and work at avoiding distracting physical mannerism and verbal habits.One of the major concerns of students in any speech class is stage flight. Actually, most successful speakers are nervous before making a speech. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you rather than against you. You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you think positively, choose speech topics you really care about, prepare thoroughly, and concentrate on communicating with your audience. Like many students over the years, you too can develop confidence in your speechmaking abilities.Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ethical responsibilities. Ethical speakers use sound means to achieve sound goals. They do this by being well informed about their subjects, by being honest in what they say, by using sound evidence, and by employing valid reasoning45.The major goals that public speaking and daily conversation have in common are:A.The main goals of public speaking and daily conversation are to convey the message using formal language and requiring detailed preparation.B.The main goal of public speaking and daily conversation is to convey the message to a listener using their feedbackC.The main goals of public speaking and daily conversation are to inform, persuade, entertain the audience.D.The main goals of public speaking and daily conversation are to communicate a clear message through a channel without interference.46.Public speaking and daily conversation are different because:A.Daily conversation uses formal language and requires detailed preparation to conveythe message.B.Daily conversation is more structured than public speaking.C.Public speaking uses slang and physical gestures to convey their message to a larger audience.D.Public speaking uses formal language and is more structured than daily conversation.47.According to the article, you can gain confidence and make your nervousnesswork for you rather than against you by:A.more preparation and choosing topics you really care about.B.less preparation and more concentration on communicating with the audience.C.rehearsing your speech for hours on stage.D.memorizing every word of your speech before giving it.48.The main message of this article is:A.Public speaking is much harder than daily conversation.B.Public speaking requires years of training.C.Skilled public speakers have an ethical responsibility in the message they convey to their石油专业资料下载4audience by being honest and using sound evidence.D. Skilled public speakers are never nervous and have no stage fright.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:(2004版第45课Oil ) What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield ofthe world; very few of them are far distain from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil comeup to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of sea life, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate the likely places to the oil drillers. In some cases oil comes out of the ground without any drilling at all and has been used for hundreds of years. In the island of Trinidad the oil is in the form of asphalt, a substance used for making roads. Sir Walter Raleigh visited the famous pitch lake of Trinidad in 1595; it is said to contain nine thousand million tons of asphalt. There are probably huge quantities of crude oil beneath the surface.The king of the oilfield is the driller. He is a very skilled man. Sometimes he sends his drill more than a mile into the earth. During the process of drilling, gas and oil at great pressure may suddenly be met, and if this rushes out and catches fire, the oil well may never be brought into operation at all. This danger is well known and steps are always taken to prevent it.There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near; onthe other hand, it may strike oil at a fairly high level. When the drill goes down, it brings up soil.The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. If they are disappointed at one place, the drillers go to another. Great sums of money have been spent, for example in the deserts of Egypt, in ‘prospecting’for oil. Sometimes little is found. When we buy a few gallonsof petrol for our cars, we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also pm of the cost of the searchthat is always going on.49.Scientists think thatA.oil was formed from large deposits of mud on the sea bed.B.coal was formed from shale under the surface of the earth.C.oil was formed from sea creatures caught between layers of rock.D.oil was formed from sea water by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature.50.“Where there is shale, there is likely to be oil”.The author says this in order to show thatA.shale is a sedimentary rock.B.oil was made from shale.C.oil was first formed under the sea.D.shale is another form of oil.51.The author mentions Trinidad becauseA.it has a famous lake which was visited by Sir Walter Raleigh.B.it probably has large quantities of crude oil under the surface.石油专业资料下载5C. it is an example of a place where drilling is not necessary to obtain oil.D. its asphalt is very good for making roads.52.The driller is unlucky whenA.the drill does not bring up any soil.B.the drill brings up soil.C.the drill strikes oil at a high level.D.the drill goes very near the oil without striking it.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:(书外文章 )Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated on March 4, 1801. He was the first President to take the oath of office in the nation’s permanent capital-Washington, D.C. Although Washington was a new city, it was already familiar to President Jefferson. In fact, Jefferson had helped plan the capital’s streets and public buildings. Besides being a city planner and architect the new President was a writer, a scientist, and the inventor of several gadgets and tools.After his inauguration, Jefferson moved into the Presidential Palace. The Palace was more than a home; it contained offices for the President and some of his staff and advisors. It also included dining and reception rooms, where the President could entertain congressmen. However, President Jefferson did not give many formal parties. This was partly because there was no First Lady. Jefferson’s wife had died in 1782. But it was also because Jefferson liked to live in a simple fashion. Once, he showed up for an important meeting wearing old clothes and down-at-the-heels slippers! Neither Washington nor Adams would ever have dressed so casually.Jefferson was different from the first two Presidents in other ways, too. He disagreed with them about how the country should be run, and about what part a President should play in running it.53.Which of the following statements about Washington, D. C. can be correctly inferred fromthe passage’?A.It contained many old buildings in 1801.B.It was not the first capital of the United States.C.The Presidential Palace was not located there.D.Thomas Jefferson was a newcomer there in 1801.54. According to the passage, the Presidential Palace was built to be.A. a meeting place for newspaperB. a hotel for visiting kingsC. an office building and homeD. a museum for colonial American tools and gadgets55.It can be inferred that one reason Thomas Jefferson did not entertain very often in Washington was becauseA.he and his wife did not have appropriate clothesB.he did not enjoy elaborate partiesC.the food in the area was not goodD.he could not understand foreign languages56.It can be interred from the passage that George Washington and John Adams bothA.lived for a long time in Washington, D. CB.traveled to many foreign countriesC.were rather formal gentlemenD.encouraged Jefferson to run for the presidencyQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:石油专业资料下载6(书外文章) The United State court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extentoverlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution) may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (person engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court - court of general jurisdiction - in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court: for example, the criminal defendant convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the courts suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing partyat the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the “loser”at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.57. According to the passage district courts are also know as ____.A. circuit courtsB. supreme courtsC. trial courtsD. intermediate courts58.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase“engaged in”could best bereplaced by which of the following?A. committed toB. attentive toC. involved inD. engrossed in59.The passage indicates that litigants who lose their cases in the state trial court may takethem to aA.different trial court in the same stateB.court in a different geographic regionC.state supreme courtD.federal trial court60.It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are __A.always appealed.ually resolved in the district courtsC.always overlappingually settled by the Supreme CourtSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markyour answer on the Answer Sheet.Foreign visitors to England often ask 61 for a good restaurant but when their hosts suggest one to them, it is usually Italian or French or Indian - in short, 62 English. The truth is that English people enjoy their own cooking at home but are often ashamed of it in public. Even the experts who write articles on food 63to use the French word “cuisine”, which suggests that “cooking”is inferior.In fact, English cooking is not 64as people think. The trouble with it, in my opinion, is石油专业资料下载7that the most appetizing typical dishes do not go with wine. At home, English people usually drink either water or beer or even (strange as it may seem) tea with their meals; in restaurants they sometimes think they had better order wine for the 65of appearances.66 a number of exclusive restaurants in Britain are trying to develop a “national cuisine”. But their main criterion 67appears to be to search 68in ancient cookery books and give the results names like“Mutton Winchester”- it ’s amazing how snobbery survives in the imitation French name, with the objective after the noun. Why couldn’t they have called it “Winchester Mutton ”? At 69of the scale, there are restaurants in London where you can have regional working-class specialties. Personally I would rather avoid the two extremes and go to a pub.Most pubs serve food that goes well with beer and, 70, who could ask for anything better?61.A. advices to people B. advices peopleC. people for adviceD. people advices62.A. anything not B. anything butC. nothing exceptD. nothing but63.A. like better B. are in favourC. would ratherD. prefer64.A. so much bad B. worseC. the worstD. nearly so bad65.A. good B. reasonC. needD. sake66.A. In this moment B. In this timeC. PresentlyD. At present67.A. at doing that B. by doing like thisC. on doing thusD. in doing so68.A. recipes B. receiptsC. for receiptsD. for recipes69.A. another end B. another sideC. the other endD. the other side70.A. being English beer what it isB.English beer being what is itC.being English beer what is itD.English beer being what it isIV . Translation(2004 版 32 课 Energy in Transition)Supplying energy in 1970 required the harvesting, processing and combustion of some three billion metric tons of coal, some 17 billion barrels of oil, more than a trillion cubic meters of natural gas and perhaps two billion cubic meters of fuel wood. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuel wood harvesting.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference, against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal,石油专业资料下载8solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need None has very good prospects for delivering large quantities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs. 71~Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East,/the cheapest oil and gas arc alrcaci5 gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today ’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need. They may never be capable of delivering large quantities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.答案: 1-10BAACC DDABA11-20BAABB DACDC21-30CBDBB CBABD31-40CCDBBABBAD阅读; 1-4 CDDB5-8CDAA9-12CCCC13-16BCBC 17-20CCDB完型:1-10 CBDCDDDDCD译文: 70 年能源供给需要开采、加工和焚烧大概30 亿公吨的煤和褐煤,大概170 亿桶的石油,一万多亿立方米的天然气和大概 20 亿立方米的木柴。
石油人 第五届(2013年)中石油职称英语网络培训《大纲语法》句子的种类,结构和成分
1.句子的种类、结构和成分一、按句子结构分类句子按其机构可以分为以下三类:1.简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。
例:She is fond of collecting stamps。
她喜欢集邮。
(主)(谓)2. 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。
例:The food was good,but he had little appetite。
食物很精美,但他却没有胃口。
(主)(谓)(主)(谓)3. 复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句作为一个成分从属于从句,从句在句中可以担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语和状语。
各种从句都由适当的连接词引导。
例:The film had begun when we got to the cinema。
我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(主句)(从句)二、按句子使用目的分类句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1.陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
例:Light travels faster than sound。
光比声音速度快。
(说明事实)The film is rather boring。
这部电影很乏味。
(说明看法)2.疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题或表示怀疑。
有以下四种:1)一般疑问句(General Questions):例:Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗?2)特殊疑问句(W Questions;H Questions)例:Where do you live?你住那儿?How do you know that?你怎么知道那件事?3)选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):例:Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是咖啡?4)反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):例:He doesn’t know her,does he?他不认识她,对不对?5)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令。
中石油职称英语等级考试750个常考高频词组
中石油职称英语等级考试750个常考高频词汇1.abide by (=be faithful to; obey) 忠于;遵守2.be absent from.... 缺席,不在3.absence or mind (=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4.absorb (=take up the attention of) 吸引……的注意力(被动语态);be absorbed in 全神注贯注于……近;be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on5.(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有6.access(to) (不可数名词)能接近,进入,了解7.by accident (=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地,意外。
Without accident (=safely) 安全地8.of one’s own accord ( =without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地,主动地9.in accord with 与……一致out of one’s accord with 同……不一致10.with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地11.in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12.on one’s own account1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责3)(=by oneself) 依靠自己on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account 不论什么原因也不;of ……account 有……重要性。
中石油职称英语考试大纲
中石油职称英语考试大纲——1、名词1. 名词名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness 等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。
归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:名词专有名词不可数名词普通名词物质名词抽象名词集体名词可数名词个体名词1. 名词名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness 等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。
归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:名词专有名词不可数名词普通名词物质名词抽象名词集体名词可数名词个体名词1.1 名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加-es读/iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es读/z/baby---babies[url=mkhttp://alt=[/url]1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。
中石油职称英语[2]
中石油职称英语培训笔记英语培训笔记第01课ensure/insure/assureensure+sth./that-clause 确保、保证……insure保险insure …car against……给…保险以防……insure oneself against……给自己保险以防……assure+人I can assure you my honesty.(但课文的用法等于ensure)举例(课本中涉及到的句子):1.To ensure global energy security, it is important to strengthen dialogue and cooperation为保障全球能源安全,我们应该树立和落实互利合作、多元发展2. And we will endeavor to ensure sustainable development by boosting production, improving people's life and protecting the environment. 我们将努力确保生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展格局。
3.They cannot simply be left on autopilot, especially if one wants to ensure that their benefits are shared widely.(52课如果想确保大部分人都能分享市场经济带来的好处,就更不能放任自流。
)4.Lloyd’s has become famous for some of the unusual things it has insured. 劳埃德之所以有名还因为它对一些非平常的事进行保险。
例如它保险不生双胞胎。
5.For instance Lloyd has insured against the birth of twins. If twins had been born to the family insured, the company would have had to pay a certain amount of money to the parents. 例如它保险不生双胞胎。
2013中石油职称英语考试大纲后_全真模拟试题答案及解析【5】
模拟试题五参考答案及部分试题答案解析一、答案I. Vocabulary1-20 AADAB BDCBA CAABC ACADDII. Grammatical Structure21-40 CCADB BBACD DDCDC BACBDIII. Reading Comprehension41-60 CDABB DAACA CCBBD CCCDC61-70 BCCAA BBDDCIV. Translation 翻译答案略,参考2013版教材46.Becoming Wealthy: It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己。
二、解析I. Vocabulary1.【答案】A【译文】他是个可以依靠的人。
他从不食言。
【试题分析】此题为近义词辨析题,尤其是A、B两项。
【词义辨析】word命令、消息、诺言,一般不与冠词搭配,也无复数形式,如Word came that our basketball team won again. 消息传来,说我们的篮球队又赢了。
B. words言语,话语,即所说的具体内容。
如His words surprised us. 他的话使我们大为惊讶。
C. permission 允许。
D. saying俗语谚语。
go back on one's word为固定搭配,表示“说话不算数,自食其言”。
2.【答案】【译文】再三考虑后,她提出了比较好的解决办法。
【试题分析】测试短语动词的辨义。
【详细解答】come up with 提出,提供;put up with 容忍,忍受(讨厌的人或物);add up to 合计达;made up for 补偿,弥补。
选项A合乎句意。
3.【答案】D【考点】动词词组辨析D)laid down“制定;放下(武器等)”;A)brought forth“使产生;提出”bring forth a persuasive argument提出有说服力的论据;B)associated with“与…有联系”;C)turned over“移交;倾覆”。
职称英语大纲重点词汇与词组
+allowance
n.1.补贴,津贴
2.允许,准许
along
prep.沿着
all along:始终,一直
adv.向前
not only...but also...:不但…而且
alter
vt.1.改变,更改
2.改做(衣服等)
anticipate
vt.预料,预期
antique
adj.1.古代的,古式的
2.旧式的
n.古物,古董
anxiety
n.1.焦虑,挂念,担心
2.渴望,热望
anxious
adj.1.忧虑的,担心的
3.任何人[用于否定、疑问、条件句中]
职称英语大纲重点词汇与词组
A
abandon
vt. 放弃,遗弃,丢弃
+abide
vi.(by)遵守,坚持
ability
n. 1.能力,本领
2.(pl.)才能,才识
able
adj. 1.有(能力、时间、知识等)做某事的
2.有本事的,能干的
take advantage of:
利用,趁机
adventure
n.1.冒险活动
2.奇遇
+adverse
adj.不利的,有害的
advertisement
n.1.广告
2.做广告,登广告
advice
n.忠告,劝告
*advisable
adj.明智的,可取的
2.瞄准,对准
vt.把…瞄准,把…对准
air
n.1.大气,空气
中石油职称考试词汇特训笔记
中石油职称英语要求的词汇是比较特殊的,因此,本人根据中石油考试大纲的词汇表整理了新东方的培训课程,弄了这个词汇表。
通过词根词缀记忆法、联想记忆法、逆向记忆法、谐音记忆法、从词形、词义、词用三个着重点来真正的认知、把握词汇。
希望帮助大家提前准备,在平常积累词汇量,能熟练的掌握考试中所需要的核心词汇;年底的时候再结合通用教材选读,学好语法和课文,考试应该不成问题了。
词汇Abandonvt.放弃,抛弃,弃权【方法】音似:一个笨蛋,那么要抛弃;(音译/谐音记忆法)Vt.(及物动词):Abandon something 【派生】动词+后缀=名词:~ship n.放弃 e.g. relate vt.—— relationship n. 【搭配】abandon oneself to sth = give oneself to Something 奉献【扩展】give up/quit/desert放弃- dessert甜点give up/quit/desert放弃vt.(沙漠n.) - dessert甜点Quit one’s job 辞职【例句】A pretty, helpless housewife abandons Her husband and children to seek a more serious life,一个漂亮而无助的家庭主妇,放弃了她的丈夫和她的孩子去寻找一种更加有意义的生活。
Abidevi.遵守【语法补充】vi 不及物动词后面不能跟名词,但是可以跟副词或介词短语。
【方法】a(一个)—bid(命令)—e =an order 一个命令要遵守【派生】by 按照【搭配】- by sth 遵守【应用】遵守法律:abide by law/abide by the law ; 【扩展】con/com(前缀,意思是“共同的”) 例:companycom(共同的)—form(形式)—conform(和…保持一致) +to comform to thelaw;comply with sth; obey;abnorma la. 词义:不正常的、不标准的【方法】词根norm 意思是:标准、规范;前缀ab 表示:偏离…;后缀al表示:状态…;【派生】norm(正规、规范)——normal(正常的、规范的、标准的。
英语常用前缀后缀及词根汇总
英语常用前缀、后缀及词根汇总一、前缀(一)表示否定的前缀1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disadvantage(缺点), dishonorable(不光彩的), disagree(不同意)2.in-加在形容词,名词之前incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)3.im- 加在字母m,b,p 之前impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)4.4.il- 加在以l 开头的词前illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的), illogical(不合逻辑的)5.ir-加在以r 开头的词前irregular(不规则的、不整齐的),irresistible(难以抗拒的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的), irresponsible, irrevocable6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前unfinished(未完成的),undoubted(毫无无疑的), unemployment(失业)7.non-加在形容词,名词前n o n -e x i s t e n c e (不存在),n o 非主要的),non-electril非电的),non-smoker(非吸烟者), nonsense, nonaccess, non-profit organization8.mis-加在动词、名词之前misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导性的),misfortune(不幸), misbehave, misspell, mistaken, misprint9.dis-加在动词之前disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系,断开连接)10.de-加在名词,形容词之前demobilize(遣散;使…复员),decolor (脱色, 漂白) ,decompose (分解,腐烂)11. anti-加在名词、形容词之前anti-Japanese War(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidote(解毒药), antibody, antigen, antibiotics, antidepressant12. counter-加在名词、动词前counter-attack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命),counter-clockwise(逆时针方向), counter-culture, countermeasure(二)表示“before”的前缀1.pre-preconception(成见),pre-existing(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的),preface(前言,序言),prescribe (开药),predict(预言), prevent 2.Ante-anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者),anticipate (预期)3.Fore-forehead(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见),foretell (预言), forearm, forefather, forecast4.Pro-programme(计划),prologue(序幕), probe, proceed, process5.Ex-ex-president(前任总统),ex-wife(前妻),ex-con (前罪犯)(三)表示“后”的前缀1.post-post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午),post-mortem(验尸的,死后的),postpone (推迟,延后),postgraduate (研究生)(四)表示“低”、“下”的前缀1.Hypo-Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),hypochlorite(次氯酸盐)2.Infra-Infra-red(红外线),infrastructure(基础设施),infrasonic(次声的)3.Sub-Sub-editor(副编辑),subway(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的,潜艇),sub-tropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题),suburb (郊区)(五)表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀1. Re-Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return (返回),repay (偿还),replace (替换,放回原位)2. Retro-Retrograde (倒退的),retrospect (回顾)(六)表示“共同”、“和”的前缀1. Co-co-exist(共存),co-operate (合作),co-education (男女同校) ,co-worker (工友,同事)2. con (col,com,cor)-Connection (连接),collaborate (协作,合作),correlation (相关性,关联),conspiracy (阴谋),conference (会议),convention (会议)(七)表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀1.Inter-Inter-changeable (可互换的),interdependent (互相依靠的),international (国际的), inter-personal (人际的),intercity (城际),intercontinental (洲际的) ,interact (互动,相互影响),Internet (互联网)(八)表示“出”、“超出”的前缀1.Ec-Eclipse (蚀),ecstasy (狂想) 2.Extra- E x t ra or d i na ry (非凡的),ex t r (地球之外的,外星的)校外的),extrasensory (超感觉的) ,extra-terrestrial (九)表示“超过”的前缀 1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra- hyper-sensitive (过敏的),preterhuman (超人的), surrounding, ultrasonic (十)其它的前缀 1.auto-自 automatic (自动的),autobiography (自传), autograph, automobile 2.mal-坏,恶 Malnutrition (营养不良),maltreat (虐待), malicious, malignant, malice 3.Micro- Microscope (显微镜),microtome (切片机) ,microwave oven (微波炉) 4.Tele-远Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜),television(电视),telemetric (遥测), telecommunications, telecast, telecontrol5.Demi-,semi-,hemi-Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)6.Uni-,mono-(单一, 单独)Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服),unique (独一无二的),university (综合性大学,将各个学院合而为一),universal (统一的,一致的),unicorn (独角兽),unite (联合,合并), universe, unity, union, unisex, unit7.Bi-,di-二Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)Carbondioxide, bipod (双足动物)8. Tri-三Triangle(三角),tripod(三角架),trinity(三位一体)9. Multi-多multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的),multi-culture(多元文化),multi-linguist(会说多种语言的人),multi-media (多媒体)10. Poly –多Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)11.Arch-首领archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师),archangel(大天使),monarch(君主),anarchy (混乱)12. bene-善,好benefit(利益),benevolence(善意),benediction(祝福)13. homo- 同homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)14.neo 新neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)15.ortho-正确,直orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)16.philo-挚爱philosopher(哲学家),philanthropy(慈善活动),Philip 17.proto-原始protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)18.pseudo-假的, 伪的,冒充的pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(伪共产主义),pseudoscience(伪科学),pseudo19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c 之前)从,自avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制,戒绝),abstract(抽象)20.Apo-,aph-来自apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)21.se-分离separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱)22.para-防parachute(降落伞),parasol(阳伞)23.omni-所有的,公共的omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(无所不能),omniscient,omnipresent24.pan-全,泛Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒)25.panto-全pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)26.dia-通过,借以diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)27.Per-通过,彻底,不利perambrlate(走来走去),perfect 极好的28. trans-通过,横过transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),transparent(透明的),transport (运输),transplant(移植)29. Com-,con-,cor-,col- 共同,和,完全comment (评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)30. syn-共同synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的)31. meta-变化,变形metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学),metabolism(新陈代谢)32. Cis-在这一边cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)33.pen-几乎,相近peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的, 形成半岛的)34.en-,em-往……里,使……encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))encompass (包围),embody(体现),embed(嵌入)35.intro 内在intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的),introvert(内向的)36.intro-到……中introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)37.dys-坏dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)38.Eu-优,美好eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音),euphemism (婉言)39.ambi-,amphi-两者amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)40.penta-五pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句)41.sex-六sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)42. sept-七September 九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)43. hepta-七heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)44.octa-,octo,oct 八octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍),October (十月) ,octopus(章鱼)45.nona-,ennea-九nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)46.deci-,deca-十decimal(十进位,小数),decagramme(十克),decade(十年)47.centi- 百centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)48.milli-千millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米),millennium(千年), milligram49.Kilo-千kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米),kilogram(千克), kilocalorie二、后缀(一)名词后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or,ar)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor, visitor, beggar, weaponeer, profiteer, supervisor2.-let 意为:小\不重要\环形的东西(small,unimportant or round thing)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet ,islet, piglet,bracelet, armlet,3.-ette 意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词:usherette4.-ess 意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6.-ship 意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship, scholarship, authorship, fellowship, hardship7.-ful 意为:数量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful ,armful, roomful8.-tion,-ion 意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starvation 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:organization,foundation 9.-ment 意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement, entertainment, enjoyment, monument10.-al 意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal, survival, denial, musical 11.-age 意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage,a creage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage, percentage, wreckage12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability, regularity, popularity, honesty, treaty, creativity13.-ism 意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism ,journalism,me-tooism, Marxism, Socialism, Communism, Chauvinism, sexism,(二)动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ify 意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify, purify, identify, personify, signify, glorify2.-ize;-en 意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;t o make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3.-ate 意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate(三)形容词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ful 意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful, joyful2.-less 意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless, footless, penniless, jobless, aimless3.-ly 意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly, comradely, motherly, daily, deadly, likely, lovely4.-like 意为:像……的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like5.-y;-ish 意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish, bookish6.-some 意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome, awesome, handsome7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词:changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible8.-ed 意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped 9.-al 意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory11.-ous 意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词:historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;g iven or te nding to)例词:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive, protective, preventive(四)副词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ly 意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)例词:happily,boldly,attentively,strangely, quickly, honestly2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward (s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s), forwards, towards, eastwards, upwards, downwards, inwards3.-wise 意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as far as ...is concerned)例词:weather-wise ,education-wise, clockwise, likewise,注:有一个元音的单音节词,结尾只有一个辅音(即重读闭音节),在加元音后缀时,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner,hit + ing = hitting三、英语字根1,ag=do,act 做,动2,agri=field 田地,农田(agri 也做agro,agr)3,ann=year 年4,audi=hear 听5,bell=war 战争6,brev=short 短7,ced,ceed,cess=go 行走8,cept=take 拿取9,cid,cis=cut,kill 切,杀10,circ=ring 环,圈11,claim,clam=cry,shout 喊叫12,clar=clear 清楚,明白13,clud=close,shut 关闭14,cogn=known 知道15,cord=heart 心16,corpor=body 体17,cred=believe,trust 相信,信任18,cruc=cross 十字19,cur=care 关心20,cur,curs,cour,cours=run 跑21,dent=tooth 牙齿22,di=day 日23,dict=say 说24,dit=give给25,don=give 给26,du=tow 二27,duc,duct=lead 引导28,ed=eat 吃29,equ=equal 等,均,平30,ev=age 年龄,寿命,时代,时期31,fact=do,make 做,作32,fer=bring,carry 带拿33,flor=flower 花34,flu=flow 流35,fus=pour 灌,流,倾泄36,grad=step,go,grade 步,走,级37,gram=write,draw 写,画,文字,图形38,graph=write,records 写,画,记录器,图形39,gress=go,walk 行走40,habit=dwell 居住41,hibit=hold 拿,持42,hospit=guest 客人43,idio=peculiar,own,private,proper 特殊的,个人的,专有的44,insul=island 岛45,it=go 行走46,ject=throw 投掷47,juven=young 年轻,年少48,lectchoose,gather 选,收49,lev=raise 举,升50,liber=free 自由51,lingu=language 语言52,liter=letter 文字,字母53,loc=place 地方54,log=speak 言,说55,loqu=speak 言,说56,lun=moon 月亮57,man=dwell,stay 居住,停留58,manu=hand 手59,mar=sea 海60,medi=middle 中间61,memor=memory 记忆62,merg=dip,sink 沉,没63,migr=remove,move 迁移64,milit=soldier 兵65,mini=small,little 小66,mir=wonder 惊奇67,miss=send 投,送,发(miss 也作mit)68,mob=move 动69,mort=death 死70,mot=move 移动,动71,nomin=name 名72,nov=new 新73,numer=number 数74,onym=name 名75,oper=work 工作76,ori=rise 升起77,paci=peace 和平,平静78,pel=push,drive 推,逐,驱79,pend,pens=hang 悬挂/weigh 称量/pay 支出,付钱,花费80,pet=seek 追求81,phon=sound 声音82,pict=paint 画,描绘83,plen=full 满,全84,plic=fold 折,重叠85,pon=put 放置86,popul=people 人民87,port=carry 拿,带,运88,pos=put 放置89,preci=price 价值90,punct=point,prick 点,刺91,pur=pure 清,纯,净92,rect=right,straight 正,直93,rupt=break 破94,sal=salt 盐95,scend,scens=climb 爬,攀96,sci=know 知97,sec,sequ=follow 跟随98,sect=cut 切割99,sent,sens=feel 感觉100,sid=sit 坐101,sist=stand 站立102,son=sound 声音103,spect=look 看104,spir=breathe 呼吸105,tail=cut 切割106,tain,ten,tin=hold 握,持,守107,tect=cover 掩盖108,tele=far 远109,tempor=time 时110,tend(tens,tent)=stretch伸111,terr=land,earth 土地,陆地112,text=weave 纺织113,tract=draw 拉,抽,引114,un=one 一115,urb=city 城市116,vac,vacu=empty 空117,vad,vas=walk,go 行走118,vari=change 变化119,ven=come 来120,vert,vers=turn 转121,vi,via=way 道路122,vis,vid=see 看123,vit=life 生命124,viv=live 活【第二部分,多认词根,多识单词】125,aer(o)空气,空中,航空126,alt 高127,am 爱128,ambul 行走129,anim 生命,活,心神,意见130,anthrop(o) 人,人类131,aqu 水132,arch 统治者,首脑archy 统治133,avi 鸟134,bat 打135,biblio 书136,birg 战斗,打137,cad,cas 降落,降临138,cert 确定,确信139,chron 时140,cid 降落,降临141,clin 倾142,cosm(o)世界,宇宙143,cracy 统治crat 支持144,cub躺,卧145,cult 耕,培养146,cycl(o)圈,环,轮147,dem(o)人民148,dexter 右150,dom 屋,家151,dorm 睡眠152,drom 跑153,ego 我154,err 漫游,走,行155,fabl,fabul 言156,feder 联盟157,ferv 沸,热158,fict,fig 塑造,虚构159,fid 信任160,fil 线161,flat 吹162,flect,flex 弯曲163,flict 打击164,frag,fract 破,折165,frig 冷166,fug 逃,散167,fund,found 底,基础168,gam 婚姻169,gram 谷物,谷粒170,grav 重171,greg 群,集合172,gyn,gynce(o)妇女173,hal 呼吸174,helic(o)螺旋175,hes,her 粘着176,ign 火177,integr 整,全178,junct 连接,连结179,later 边180,leg 读181,leg,legis法182,luc 光184,magn(i)大185,matr(i),metro 母186,mega 大187,mens 测量188,ment 心,神,智,思,意189,min 伸出,突出190,misc 混合,混杂191,mis(o)恨,厌恶192,mon 告诫,提醒193,mon 单独,一个194,mur 墙195,mut 变换196,nat 诞生197,nav 船198,nect,nex 结,系199,negr,nigr 黑200,nihil 无201,noc,nox 伤害202,noct(i)夜203,norm 规范,正规,正常204,nutri 营养205,orn 装饰206,par 生,产207,parl 说,谈208,past 喂,食209,path(o),pathy 疾病,疗法210,patr(i) 父,祖211,ped, pod,pede 脚,足212,ped 儿童,小孩213,petr(o)石214,phag 吃215,phil(o)爱216,phob(ia)怕217,plex 重叠,重218,polis 城市219,prim 第一,最初220,radic 根221,ras,rad 擦,刮222,rid,ris 笑223,rod,ros 咬,啮224,rot 轮,转225,rud 原始,粗野226,rur,rus 农村227,sat,satis,satur 足,满,饱228,sen 老229,simil,simul 相似,相同230,sol 单独231,sol 太阳232,soph 智慧233,sper 希望234,spers,spars 散,撒235,splend 发光,照耀236,stell 星237,tact,tag触238,the(o)神239,ton 音240,tort 扭241,tour 迂回,转242,trud,trus 推,冲243,tut,tuit 监护,看管244,umbr 阴影245,ut,us 用246,vas 走,漫游247,val 强248,van 空,无249,ver(i)真实250,voc,vok 声音,叫喊-----WORD格式--可编辑--专业资料----- 251,vol,volunt 意志,意愿252,volu,volv 滚,转。
中石油职称英语考试题型分析和应试技巧
中石油职称英语考试题型分析和应试技巧:语法结构二、语法结构1、考查目的:主要考查语法结构的用法。
2、答题要求:要求应试者从每题4个选择项中选一最佳答案。
3、题目出处:课文中句子填空(3个左右句子)(根据历年真题总结,仅供参考)4、题量:20个句子5、分值:20分6、复习建议由于中石油所考的语法知识相对难度较大,涉及到了虚拟语气、强调句、倒装句等较难语法现象,因此考生在备考过程中要系统的把中石油职称英语考试中常考的语法点进行复习。
中石油职称英语常考语法点如下:1) 名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法。
2) 动词基本时态、语态的构成及其用法。
3) 形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法。
4) 常用连接词的词义及其用法。
5) 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法。
6) 虚拟语气的构成及其用法。
7) 各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)的基本用法及强调句型的结构。
8) 常用倒装句的结构。
包括掌握每个语法点的含义、基本用法、与其他语法现象的辨析等,并利用相关习题进行语法知识应用的巩固与加强。
答题技巧:首先,需明白整句的大体含义;其次,要分清句子的主语是人还是物,目的是为了判断主动/被动语态;第三,注意句子的段落,如:是否有逗号(为了判断限定性/非限定性从句);第四,注意题目前后对比及句子中表示时间的单词,如:by now\ by that time\that night\the first time (完成时)、tomorrow (将来时)、yesterday\before (过去时);第五,其他需要注意的特殊词,如:(1) 连词选择时,句中有only不定代词\最高级\序数词\不定代词(some\any\ervery\one\little\much)后必须用that;句型There be句型中,只用that,不用whicl序数(the first) +that +完成式形容词最高级(more,most),数词不定代词(something,anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little)The only ( the very)先行词既有人,又有物时,只用that,不用whicl(2)so+形容词/副词引导的从句,表示否定的词语(little\few\seldom\never\not until\scarcely\)放在句首,语序要倒装;the more+形容词/副词(多音节)时,语序要倒装;(3)whether和if的用法比较:宾语从句中两者可以互换;引导主语从句只能用whether不能用if;介词后只能用whether 不能用if;(4)feel like后只能跟分词形式(V+ing);like 后可跟分词(表示习惯性动作)和不定式;had better +V原Would rather= Had Just as soon Would rather+V原(宁愿) Would rather...than…(宁愿...而不是)It is/was +adj+that(should) +V原(urgent,necessary,advisable,vital,important)S+(建议,请求,命令) that(should) +V原(suggest advice demand order commad insist )It is/was time/hight time that +V过Had Just as soon +V过(表示虚拟语气)It is/was +强调部分+that (not until then that)It is/was +(时间 time ) befor …表示"...之和...才"(5)虚拟语气是每年必考内容。
单词汇总 中国石油天然气集团公司职称英语考试大纲 2015
中国石油天然气集团公司职称英语考试大纲2015China national petroleum corporation English examination guidebook 2015单词汇总Grammar[语]语法[英] [ˈɡræmə][美] [ˈɡræmɚ]n.语法;语法书;(学术的)基本原理;(人的)语言知识及运用能力复数:grammarsmorphology[语] 词法英 [mɔː'fɒlədʒɪ] 美 [mɔr'fɑlədʒi]n. 形态学,形态论;[语] 词法,[语] 词态学syntax [语]句法英 ['sɪntæks] 美 ['sɪntæks]n. 语法;句法;有秩序的排列morpheme词素英[ˈmɔ:fi:m] 美[ˈmɔ:rfi:m]n. 形态素,词素;语素;词头;形位复数:morphemesencouragement英 [ɪn'kʌrɪdʒm(ə)nt] 美 [ɪn'kɝɪdʒmənt] n. 鼓励,鼓舞。
Astonishment[英] [əˈstɔnɪʃmənt][美] [əˈstɑnɪʃmənt]n.惊讶,惊奇;令人惊讶的事物或人Gathered v.聚集[ˈɡæðəd]v. (使)聚集(gather的过去式和过去分词);集合;推断;了解网络集中;人聚集;收割;汇聚lips英 [lɪps] 美 [lɪp]n. 嘴唇(lip的复数)v. 用嘴唇接触;轻轻说出(lip的三单形式)Compound英[ˈkɒmpaʊnd] 美[ˈkɑ:mpaʊnd]n. 场地;复合物;(筑有围墙的)院子;复合词Compound动词:[kəmˈpaund]vt. 调和;使混合;使严重;调停adj. 复合;[语法学](句子)复合的;合成的;多功能的vi. 妥协;和解;达成协议;(通过妥协)解决债务、主权等Appetite英[ˈæpɪtaɪt] 美[ˈæpɪˌtaɪt]n. 欲望;胃口,食欲;嗜好,爱好网络欲望;食欲;胃口;食欲,胃口复数:appetitesComplex英[ˈkɒmpleks] 美[kəmˈpleks]adj. 复杂的;难懂的;复合的n. 建筑群;相关联的一组事物;情结;不正常的忧虑情结;复数复数:complexes比较级:more complex 最高级:most complexdeclarative陈述句英[dɪˈklærətɪv] 美[dɪˈklɛrətɪv, -ˈklær-] adj. 宣言的,公布的网络陈述句;声明式;陈述性;宣言的interrogative英[ˌɪntəˈrɒgətɪv] 美[ˌɪntəˈrɑ:gətɪv]adj. 表示疑问的,质问的n. 疑问词网络疑问的;疑问句;疑问词;质问的复数:interrogativesAlternative英[ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪv] 美[ɔ:lˈtɜ:rnətɪv]adj. 替代的;备选的;其他的;另类的n. 可供选择的事物网络替换物;选择;另类;替代Tag英[tæg] 美[tæɡ]vt. 加标签于;附加;起诉;紧跟vi. 跟在…后面;随从n. 标签;附属物;口头禅;称呼网络标签;标签(tags);标记;没有标签Imperative[语]祈使的英[ɪmˈperətɪv] 美[ɪmˈpɛrətɪv]adj. 必要的,不可避免的;命令的,专横的;势在必行的;[语]祈使的n. 必要的事;命令;规则;[语]祈使语气网络祈使句;势在必行;必要的;急需的Exclamatory英[ɪkˈsklæmətri] 美[ɪkˈsklæmətɔ:ri] adj. 叫喊的,感叹的,惊叹的网络感叹;叫喊的;惊叹的Basic英[ˈbeɪsɪk] 美[ˈbesɪk]adj. 基本的;[化学]碱性的;[地质学]基性的;首要的n. 基础,基本;基本原则,基本原理,基本规律;要素;基础训练网络基本;基础;基本的;基础的复数:basicsPatterns英['pætənz] 美['pætənz]n. 榜样( pattern的名词复数);样品;花样;方式v. 模仿( pattern的第三人称单数);以图案装饰;复写;使形成网络形态;木模;行为模式;模式中Transitive verb英[ˈtrænsɪtɪv və:b] 美[ˈtrænsɪtɪv vɚb]及物动词Prove英[pru:v] 美[pruv]vt. 证明,证实;[法]验证,检定;显示vi. 显示出网络证明;证实;证明是;检验过去式:proved 过去分词:proven 现在分词:proving 第三人称单数:proves主语Subject谓语Predicate宾语Object补语complement定语Attribute状语Adverbial主语补语subjective complement宾语补语objective complement表语Predicativepredicate英[ˈpredɪkət] 美['predɪkət]vt. 断言,断定;宣布,宣讲;使基于vi. 断言,断定n. 谓语;述语adj. 谓语的;述语的网络谓语;谓词;断言;述词Object英[ˈɒbdʒɪkt] 美[ˈɑ:bdʒekt]n. 物体;目标;宾语;客体,对象[əbˈdʒekt]vi. 不赞成,反对;抱反感vt. 提出…作反对的理由网络基于对象;对象变量;物体;对象数组Complement英[ˈkɒmplɪment] 美[ˈkɑ:mplɪment]n. 补充;补足语;补充物;补集(数)vt. 补足,补充;补助网络补充;补语;补体;补集Attribute英[əˈtrɪbju:t] 美[əˈtrɪbjut]vt. 认为…是;把…归于;把…品质归于某人;认为某事[物]属于某人[物][ˈætribju:t]n. 属性;(人或物的)特征;价值;[语法学]定语网络属性;自定义属性;定义属性;商品属性Adverbial英[æd'vɜ:bɪəl] 美[æd'vɜ:bɪrl]adj. 副词的,状语的n. 状语网络状语的;伴随状语;状语位置;副词用法Predicative英[prɪˈdɪkətɪv] 美[ˈpredɪkeɪtɪv]adj. <语>(形容词或名词)谓语性的;表语的;做出断言的;表示断定的网络表语;表语性Modifier英[ˈmɒdɪfaɪə(r)] 美[ˈmɑ:dɪfaɪə(r)]n. 调节器;<语>修饰语网络修饰语;修改器;修饰符;改性剂复数:modifiersConscientious英[ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs] 美[ˌkɑ:nʃiˈenʃəs]adj. 认真负责的;本着良心的;谨慎的;正大光明网络认真的;尽责的;有良心的;勤勤恳恳的Appositive英[ə'pɒzɪtɪv] 美[ə'pɑzətɪv]n. 同位语adj. 同位格的网络同位;同谓语;同位语翻译;同位格的Parenthesis英[pəˈrenθəsɪs] 美[pəˈrɛnθɪsɪs]n. 插入语;插入成分;圆括号;间歇网络插入语;括号的复数:parentheses tableware美[ˈteɪb(ə)lˌwer]英[ˈteɪb(ə)lˌweə(r)]餐具proper英 ['prɒpə] 美 ['prɑpɚ]adj. 适当的;本身的;特有的;专有的;正派的adv. 完全地n. (Proper)人名;(英、德)普罗珀common英 ['kɒmən] 美 ['kɑmən]adj. 共同的;普通的;一般的;通常的n. 普通;平民;公有地n. (Common)人名;(法)科蒙;(英)康芒Nouns英['naʊnz] 美['naʊnz]n. 名词;名词( noun的名词复数)网络名词的种类;名侧;语法精髓;名词和名词Sadness[英] [ˈsædnis][美] [ˈsædnəs]n.悲哀,忧伤,忧愁,悲哀;令人悲哀或忧伤的事物;愁眉苦脸,心境恶劣,心情恶劣;认真Individual[英] [ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl][美] [ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl]adj.个人的;独特的;个别的n.个人;个体复数:individualsCollective[英] [kəˈlektiv][美] [kəˈlɛktɪv]adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的n.[统]集体;[语]集合名词;集团复数:collectivesAbstract[英] [ˈæbstrækt][美] [ˈæbˌstrækt]adj.抽象的,理论上的;难解的;抽象派的;茫然的n.抽象概念;抽象派艺术作品;摘要;[化]萃取物vt.提取,分离;转移(注意等);概括,摘录;<婉辞>剽窃License[英] [ˈlaisəns][美] [ˈlaɪsəns]n.许可证,执照;特许vt.同意;发许可证复数:licenses第三人Storey[英] [ˈstɔ:ri][美] [ˈstɔri, ˈstori]n.<英>楼层;叠架的一层;“story”的变体复数:storeysBelief[英] [biˈli:f][美] [bɪˈlif]n.信,信任;信念,意见;信条Gulf[英] [ɡʌlf][美] [ɡʌlf]n.海湾;分歧;波斯湾;(地面的)裂口vt.吞没;卷进复数:gulvesKnife[英] [naif][美] [naɪf]n.刀;匕首;刃部;手术刀vt.切割,刺;伤害vi.劈开;划过Wolf[英] [wulf][美] [wʊlf]n.狼;贪婪的人;有害的幼虫vt.狼吞虎咽复数:wolvesThief[英] [θi:f][美] [θif]n.小偷,盗贼;<口>(使蜡外流的)蜡烛心结的烛花复数:thievesHandkerchief[英] [ˈhæŋkətʃif][美] [ˈhæŋkətʃɪf,-ˌtʃif]n.手帕;方巾,围巾复数:handkerchieves handkerchiefs[英] [pɑ:θ][美] [pæθ, pɑθ]n.小路,路;路线,路程;〈比喻〉(人生的)道路;(思想,行为,生活的)途径复数:pathsDeer[英] [diə][美] [dɪr]n.鹿复数:deerVarious[英] [ˈvɛəriəs][美] [ˈvɛriəs, ˈvær-]adj.各种各样的;多方面的;许多的;各个的,个别的Produce[英] [prəˈdju:s][美] [prəˈdus, -ˈdjus, pro-] vt.& vi.生产;产生;制作;创作vt.制造;出示;引起;[经济学]生利n.产品;产量;产额;结果[英] [swɪs][美] [swɪs]adj.(人)来自瑞士的;瑞士的,瑞士文化的n.瑞士人复数:SwissRussian[英] [ˈrʌʃən][美] [ˈrʌʃən]adj.俄国的,俄罗斯的;俄语的n.俄国人,俄罗斯人;俄语复数:RussiansGreek[英] [gri:k][美] [ɡrik]n.希腊人;希腊语;难懂的事adj.希腊的,希腊人的;希腊语的复数:GreeksStruggle[英] [ˈstrʌɡl][美] [ˈstrʌɡəl]vi.搏斗;奋斗;努力;争取n.打斗;竞争;奋斗复数:struggles第三人称单数:struggles 过去式:struggled过去分词:struggled 现在分词:strugglingTitle[英] [ˈtaitl][美] [ˈtaɪtl]n.标题;头衔;[体]冠军;[影视]字幕vt.加标题;赋予头衔;把…称为adj.头衔的;标题的;冠军的Butcher[英] [ˈbutʃə][美] [ˈbʊtʃɚ]n.屠夫,屠户;屠杀者,刽子手;残酷的人;肉铺vt.屠宰;屠杀;弄砸,弄糟;把…处死刑Absence[英] [ˈæbsəns][美] [ˈæbsəns]n.缺席,缺勤;缺乏,缺少,无;心不在焉,不注意Affair[英] [əˈfɛə][美] [əˈfɛr]n.事情,事件;事务;个人的事,私事;风流韵事复数:affairsMystery[英] [ˈmistəri][美] [ˈmɪstəri]n.秘密,谜;神秘,神秘的事物;推理小说,推理剧;常作mysteries 秘技,秘诀复数:mysteriesProposal[英] [prəˈpəuzəl][美] [prəˈpozəl]n.提议;建议;求婚;〈美〉投标复数:proposalsDevoted[英] [dɪˈvəʊtɪd][美] [dɪˈvotɪd]adj.献身的;忠诚的;挚爱的;专心的v.献身于…;致力于…(devote的过去分词)[英] [iˈlekt][美] [ɪˈlɛkt]vt.选举;挑出,挑选;决定vi.选择,挑选;进行选举adj.精选的,选出的;选中的,当选而尚未就职的n.被选的人复数:elects第三人称单数:elects过去式:elected过去分词:elected现在分词:electingPraise[英] [preiz][美] [prez]n.赞扬,称赞;崇拜;赞词v.赞扬,赞美;歌颂;崇拜interpret英[ɪnˈtɜ:prɪt] 美[ɪnˈtɜ:rprɪt]vt. 解释;理解;诠释,体现;口译vi. 作解释;作口译网络说明;解释说明;译码;直译式英[praɪd] 美[praɪd]n. 自尊;骄傲;自满;(狮)群vt. 以…而自豪,得意于…vi. 自豪,骄傲,得意网络自豪;自尊;冰上恋人;骄傲Amuse英[əˈmju:z] 美[əˈmjuz]vt. 使人发笑;逗乐;使消遣;娱乐网络逗乐;逗…笑;使发笑;逗笑Annoyed英[əˈnɔɪd] 美[əˈnɔɪd]adj. 恼怒的,气恼的v. 使烦恼,使恼怒,干扰,打扰(annoy的过去式和过去分词) 网络生气;恼怒的;恼火的;烦闷的英[bɑ:k] 美[bɑ:rk]vi. 吠叫;厉声说话vt. 大声喊出;厉声说出n. 犬吠声;似吠声;树皮网络树皮;吠叫;咆哮;狗叫Crow英[krəʊ] 美[kroʊ]n. 乌鸦;雄鸡的啼声vi. 公鸡啼鸣,报晓;欢呼;(尤指在其他人不成功时)扬扬自得地夸口网络乌鸦;鸦;遥控武器站;啼叫croak英[krəʊk] 美[kroʊk]vi. 呱呱地叫vt.& vi. 用粗的声音说n. 呱呱的叫声网络青蛙;蛙叫声;嘶哑的叫声;呱呱叫be separated from[bi: 'sepəreitid frɔm]和…分离开,和…分散Shortcoming[英] [ˈʃɔ:tkʌmiŋ][美] [ˈʃɔrtˌkʌmɪŋ]n.短处,缺点Arrested英[ə'restɪd] 美[ə'restɪd]v. 逮捕( arrest的过去式和过去分词);拘捕;制止;阻止网络被捕;被逮捕;而被捕;被捕了Murderer英[ˈmɜ:dərə(r)] 美[ˈmɜ:rdərə(r)]n. 谋杀犯,凶手网络杀人犯;凶手;谋杀犯;罪与罚Sentenced[ˈsentənst]v. 宣判,判决( sentence的过去式和过去分词)网络判;被判刑;被判处;被判The Thames英[ðətemz] 美[ði tɛmz]泰晤士河Author英[ˈɔ:θə(r)] 美[ˈɔθɚ]n. 著作家;作者;创造者;发起人vt. 创作出版Rebel[英] [ ˈrebəl][美] [ rɪˈbɛl]n.反政府的人;反叛者;造反者;叛逆者adj.反抗的;造反的[ri'bel]vi.反抗政府;反抗权威Journalist[英] [ˈdʒə:nəlist][美] [ˈdʒɚnəlɪst]n.新闻工作者,新闻记者;记日志者Patient英[ˈpeɪʃnt] 美[ˈpeʃənt]adj. 有耐性的;能容忍的n. 患者;病人;病号网络病人;耐心的;有耐心的;有耐心invented英[ɪn'ventɪd] 美[ɪn'ventɪd]n. 虚拟v. 发明,创造( invent的过去式和过去分词);编造网络虚拟;马轭;发明出来;发源Violent英[ˈvaɪələnt] 美[ˈvaɪələnt]adj. 暴力引起的;剧烈的,(风,爆炸等)猛烈的,狂暴的;感情强烈的;颜色强烈的网络暴力的;猛烈的;暴力;强暴的比较级:more violent 最高级:most violentFlag英[flæg] 美[flæɡ]n. 旗;旗帜;信号旗;菖蒲vt. 标示vi. 疲乏,变弱,热情衰减网络标志;旗帜;标记;旗。