2020高考英语刷题冲刺双一流系列：(题型突破)专题一动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 讲义

专题一动词的时态、语态和主谓一致

考点1 一般时

一般现在时(do/does式) ★★★

典例1[2019安徽安庆二模改编,61]New year in Chinese people’s eyes means a family reunion. Every year (see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world’s population travel home to celebrate with their families.

句意:在中国人眼中,新年意味着家人团聚,每年世界上六分之一的人回家与家人一起庆祝,这是地球上最大规模的年度人口迁移。根据Every year 可知,此处应用一般现在时;再结合句意可知,主语是Every year,此处是拟人化的用法,see 在此处表示"遭受,历经",故用其第三人称单数形式。

sees

典例2[2019河北邢台高三检测,61]An hour of swimming (burn) almost as many calories as an hour of running.

句意:游泳一小时消耗的卡路里与跑步一小时消耗的几乎一样多。此处叙述的是客观事实,因此用一般现在时。

burns

一般过去时(did式) ★★★

典例3[2020河北石家庄摸底考试,61]Translated fiction sales in the United Kingdom (rise) by 5.5 percent last year, with a growing demand for Chinese titles, said Nielsen Book on Wednesday.

句意:Nielsen Book周三表示,去年英国的翻译小说销量增长了5.5%,对中文图书的需求不断增长。根据空后的"last year"可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填rose。

rose

考点2 进行时

现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词doing) ★★☆

典例4—Are you still very busy?

—Yes, I (write) a report for the manager but it won’t take long.

答句表示"是的,我正在给经理写报告,但不会花很长时间",根据问句中的still及答句中的won’t可知,"写"这个动作在说话时正在进行,因此应用现在进行时。

am writing

过去进行时(was/were+现在分词doing) ★★☆

典例5[2018北京,4]Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work)as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.

句意:苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作,去年我拜访她时,她正在社区做义工。根据语境可知,此处表示过去的某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行,所以用过去进行时。

was working

考点3 完成时

现在完成时(have/has+过去分词done) ★★☆

典例6Alibaba’s Freshippo, where customers can shop via Alipay (支付宝)on their smart phones, (come) under the spotlight these days.

句意:这些日子,阿里巴巴的Freshippo成了焦点。顾客能够通过智能手机的支付宝在这里购物。根据句意和时间状语these days可知,此处用现在完成时has come。

has come

过去完成时(had+过去分词done) ★★☆

典例7[2019北京中央民族大学附属中学高三检测,4]The news came as no surprise to me. I (know)for some time that the factory was going to shut down.

句意:这个消息对我来说一点都不意外。我知道这家工厂要关闭(这个消息)已经有一段时间了。根据句意可知,题干中的第一句话用的是一般过去时,那么在此之前的动作就应该使用过去完成时。

had known

典例8[2019江苏七校联考,26]In Beijing, more than 21,100 people (apply) to donate their bodies by the end of 2017, since the city started to promote a body donation campaign in 1999.

句意:自北京1999年开始推行遗体捐献运动以来,到2017年底,北京有超过21 100人已经申请捐献遗体。根据时间状语"by the end of 2017"可知,"申请"这一动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到2017年底(指过去的过去),故应用过去完成时。

had applied

典例9[2019天津改编,2]I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.

句意:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但是没能成功。根据句意可知,此处表示"本想送礼物而实际上没有送",故应用过去完成时。

had hoped

考点4 完成进行时

典例10[2016北京,23]—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars.We (wait)here for more than two hours.

句意:——劳驾,你们在等哪一部电影?——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。根据时间状语可以判断,语境表示从过去某时开始到现在一直在做某事,并且可能还会继续下去,故用现在完成进行时。

have been waiting

考点5 将来时

一般将来时★★☆

典例11[2019河北衡水中学高三一调,52]Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads (build) and the metro system will be expanded, which can reduce traffic jams.

句意:同时,随着施工的进行,更多的道路将会被修建,地铁系统将会扩大,这可以减少交通堵塞。根据句意可判断,此处叙述的是将来的情况,要用一般将来时,而且提示动词与主语more roads是被动关系,因此用一般将来时的被动语态。

will be built

过去将来时(should/would do式) ★★☆

典例12[2019 黑龙江哈师大附中高三模拟,68]For a moment I held my breath, not sure how my son (react).

句意:我屏住呼吸了片刻,拿不准儿子会作何反应。题干中的"help my breath"使用了一般过去时,本空所在的从句表示将来的动作,因此这里应用过去将来时。

would react

考点6 被动语态

典例13[2019山东济宁第一中学高三第一次调研,46]South Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even if it (challenge) by pop culture.