四级翻译练习与答案

抗洪抢险
• 1）这次长江流域的水灾是44年来最严重的。2）官方的数字 (official figure)表明(indicate)已有2000多人死亡(drown)， 1380万人被迫离开(be driven from)家园。3）占中国总耕地 (cropland)面积3%的450万公顷（hectare）的农作物(crops)被 毁。4）工厂被迫停工(shut)，产量(output)受到影响。5）客 运和货运也被迫中断(disrupt)。6）在未来的许多岁月里，人 民都会感受到洪灾对中国经济的总体影响(overall effect)。7） 尽管损失如此严重，举国上下，展开与洪水的斗争是非常值 得称赞的(china deserves a lot credit for)。8）在抗洪斗争中， 中国人民显示了(demonstrate)令人叹服的(remarkable)守堤 (shoring up dikes)防洪(protecting them from flooding)的能力。 9）例如这次国家调动(mobilize)了160万军队去守护大堤 (protect the dikes)，将被洪水淹没地区的百姓迁走。10）事 实上，差不多有数百万平民百姓参加了(be involved in)这一 人类巨大的斗争(enormous human effort)。
美国华人(American citizens of Chinese descent)
• 1）70年代以来，美国华人社会(community)发生了 (undergo)重大的变化。2）最显著的是许多来自大陆的中 国人不断(keep doing...)涌入(flood into)美国，使美国华人 的人数猛增。3）随着华人人口的迅猛增加和华族素质 (quality)的明显提高，华人经济日趋繁荣(prosper)。4）据 悉(It is said)，自1986年起，美国华人经济已跃居(leap to a good lead over other )全美少数民族(racial minorities)之首， 遥遥领先于日裔、韩裔等其他后裔。5）美国华人家庭的 年均收入已超过(exceed)美国白人家庭。6）目前，一批华 人企业家(enterprisers of Chinese descent)在美国经济界 (circle)享有一定声望。7）更可喜的(cheerful)是，近年来 美国冒出(spring up)一批知名(prominent)华裔科技人才。8） 他们的科技成就引起了国际科技界的注意和钦佩。9）同 时华人的政治地位(status)明显提高，涉足(have more roles to play)美国政界的人越来越多。
参考译文
1,2) Since the 1970s the Chinese community in the USA has undergone tremendous changes, among which is its rapid increase in population as many Chinese have kept flooding into American's shore. 3) As the population of the American citizens of Chinese descent has increased and their qualities have evidently improved, so their economic conditions have prospered. 4) It is said that since 1986 the US citizens of Chinese descent have leapt to a good lead over other racial minorities, Japanese and Koreans, for instance. 5) The average Chinese family's yearly income has now come to exceed that of the average American family. 6) At present there is a number of enterprisers of Chinese descent in the economic circles in the US who enjoy considerable fame. 7) An even more cheerful phenomenon is that in recent years there have sprung up in the US prominent scientific and technical talents of Chinese descent. 8) Their achievements have come to command the notice and admiration of scientists and technical experts in the world. 9) Meanwhile, Chinesedescent citizens have more roles to play in American political circles, as they have risen evidently in political status.
参考译文
• 1) College students now bear heavy academic pressure. 2) You will find them —— except seniors who are beginning to look for a job —— always too busy in studies to join campus organizations, too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities, too busy to share tபைடு நூலகம்e interests of their friends, and too busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies. 3) In short, they have become nothing but a robot. 4) They are under pressure to do too much work in too little time. 5) If their roommates are studying in the library until it closes at midnight while they go to a movie, they will feel guilty. 6) The very idea of doing nothing during the day will make them uncomfortable and sleepless all night. 7) They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people. 8) The pursuit of college education costs them too much persoal happiness and health.
毕业选择
• 1）最近在高校毕业生择业问题上(in the choice of careers)出现 了一种倾向(trend towards)，这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司。 2）很少有人到研究单位。3）在崇尚物质的(materialistic)社会 里，这是一个不可避免的(unavoidable)问题。4）学生还没有 走出校门，大公司便在竞相聘用他们，向他们提供具有诱惑 力的薪水和福利待遇(benefits)。5）另一方面，由于许多大企 业，甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重(concentrate on)直接 (immediate)经济效益，而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴 趣，所以科研人员不断地从纯理论研究领域流向(shift from...to...)实用工业(applied field)。6）因为在那里工作就比 在研究领域里好找，工资也往往高。7）这些情况不仅严重影 响青年人的择业观(view on the choice of careers)，而且还影响 教育。8）许多大学老师哀叹(deplore)，现在单纯为了(only for its own sake)学知识而学习的人越来越少了。
注解：信息主语
• 例如这次国家调动了160万军队去守护大堤，将被洪水淹没地区的百 姓迁走。 汉语以“国家”作主语没有问题。但英语用同一主语似乎不妥。因为 前一句说人民在抗洪抢险发挥了作用。接下来两句说具体的，一句说 军队，一句说民众。因此这一句的信息重心是160万军队，而不是国 家。在翻译时应把160万军队调到主语的位置上。
在未来的许多岁月里，人民都会感受到洪灾对中国经济的总体影响。 单独一句译时，用“人民”作句子的主语没有问题。但由于这一句是 跟在说“农田遭毁”，“工厂停工”，“铁路中断”的几个句子后， 作为归纳性的一句，说中国经济受到影响是顺利成章。冒出一个人民 反而不妥。中文习惯用主动语态，但英语不怕使用被动语态。所以还 是让对国家经济的影响作主语。
大学生
1）现在大学生的学习压力相当重。2）除了大四，他们开始 找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿意参加校园 团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿 与他们的朋友玩完，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。3） 总之，他们就像一个机器人。4）压力大，时间少，功课 多。5）看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，到深夜闭 馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一种内疚感。6） 一想到白天什么事都没干，心里就感到不安，会整夜因此 睡不着觉。7）他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝 生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。8）读大学 使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。
参考译文
• 1) The floods in Yangtze River basin are the worst in the past fourty-four years. 2) Official figure indicate that more than 2000 people have been drowned and 13.8 million have been driven from their homes.3) Crops have been destroyed on 4.5 million hectares, 3 percent of china's total cropland.4) Industrial output has suffered as the factories have had to shut. 5) The transportation of goods and people has been disrupted. 6) The overall effect on china's economy will be felt for many months.7,8) Despite the serious damage, china deserves a lot credit for its nationawide efforts to deal with flooding, during which the chinese have demonstrated a remarkable capability for shoring up dikes and protecting them from flooding. 9) For example, 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded. 10) Literally millions of civilians are involved in this enormous human effort.