科技英语写作教程5V1
秦狄辉 科技英语写作教程答案答案2001年版
练习 1 (on page 8)II. 将下列句子译成英语1.Nonlinear distortion can be caused by too large an input signal.输入信号太大会引起非线性失真（nonlinear distortion）。
ing the definition of slope, we can derive the equation which represents a straight line.利用斜率（slope）的定义，我们能导出（derive）表示直线的方程。
3.The expression f(x + h) – f(x) is frequently used in the study of calculus.f(x + h) – f(x)这一表达式（expression）经常用在微积分（calculus）方面。
4.An equation which can be written in the following form is known as a linear equation in oneunknown.能写成以下形式的方程被称为含有一个未知数（unknown）的线性方程（linear equation）。
5.In a computer, the tendency is to operate at as high a clock rate as possible.在计算机中，趋势是以尽可能高的时钟频率（clock rate）工作。
6.The voltage across this capacitor is a few hundredths of a volt.该电容器（capacitor）上的电压（voltage）为零点零几伏（volt ）。
7.The output of the factory ten years ago was only one fifth what it is now [或：… only onefifth its present output].十年前该厂的产量（output）仅为现在的五分之一。
科英写作(5) scientific english writing 科技英语写作教学课件
For the computer to work/ operate /function normally, the applied voltage must be proper/ appropriate.
A number of basic problems must be overcome for a nuclear reactor to operate properly.
SECTION Ⅲ
I. The infinitive
II.
III. 1. “It” as the subject
IV.
① It is possible to…
1.
It is necessary to…
2.
It is a simple matter to…
3.
② It will do you good to…
只要做一个简单的实验就够了。
如果想要求出这个电阻上的电压，我们必须 首先知道流过它的电流。
If it is desired to find out the voltage across this resistor, we must first know the current flowing through it.
Scientific English Writing Section V
2. A lever is a rigid rod pivoted at a certain point called the fulcrum. Fig. 12-1 shows the most familiar type of lever, with a load at one end being balanced by an applied force at the other. The condition for equilibrium is that the torques produced by Fin and Fout be the same in magnitude.
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
河北专用2023九年级英语上册Unit5LookintoScience单元话题写作__描述科技与发明
熟词生义
从所给选项中,选出加黑单词的汉语意思
1.match
A. n.火柴 B. n.比赛 C. v.相称,相配
(1)She was wearing a beautiful skirt, but her sweater didn't match it.
(2)Don't let your children play with matches.
注意: (1)词数90左右; (2)不得透露学校、姓名等信息。 参考词汇:太阳能solar power
【谋篇布局】 第一段:引出主题,点明自己的发明
①My invention is a flying bike. Here is my introduction to it. ②I'm glad to be here to introduce my invention.
It has many advantages. However, it needs to be improved as well.We had better add something to the bike to protect us if we fall off it. It's a good idea to set an umbrella on it to help us keep off the rain.
(2)Correct my pronunciation if it's wrong.
(3)With the correct amount of water and sunlight, the plant will grow well.
(4)He is always very correct in his speech.
科技作文之有关科技创新英语作文
有关科技创新英语作文【篇一：《创新》英语背诵小短文】话题微写作: 根据提示，利用模块所学知识，完成下面的小作文，并背诵。
book 1 module1: (关于学校)1．我在一所离县城不远的高中上学，它完全不同于我以前的学校； 2．新学校很美丽，是原来学校的三倍大；3．这里的老师热情，对工作态度积极，他们的教学方法给我留下了深刻的印象。
老师经常把学生分成几组并鼓励我们相互学习和讨论，因此我盼望着每一节课。
总之我喜欢我的学校。
，school.my new school is beautiful and is my previous school.whats more，the teachers here are enthusiastic and have their work.their teaching method ，，i enjoy my school.module 2(关于老师)汤姆是一位高中英语教师，他精力充沛且有耐心，但在学习上对学生要求严格。
他总是确保他的课生动有趣。
因此，在他的课堂上没有学生睡觉。
在他的帮助下，他的学生已经取得了进步。
学生们感激他，因他努力工作而尊重他。
学生们相信他们能被大学录取。
tom is an english teacher，，in his classes ，andmodule3(关于旅行)1．去年暑假，我和朋友去爬泰山观光。
2．一到汽车站我们就买了一张地图用来查阅。
午夜我们开始爬山，三小时后我们爬到了山顶。
3．尽管我们筋疲力尽，但我们很高兴。
幸运的是，我们看到了日出，多么好的一次旅行啊！last summer holiday，my friends and i went to mountain tai to enjoy the beautiful ’an bus station，，we ，，we sawmodule4(关于友谊)根据提示，利用模块所学知识完成下面的小作文，并背诵。
《科技英语写作指南》
《科技英语写作指南》Writing in the field of science and technology requires a combination of technical knowledge and effective communication skills. When writing about complex concepts or research findings, it is important to convey information clearly and concisely for a diverse audience. This can be especially challenging when trying to reach a global readership with varying levels of expertise in the subject matter.在科技领域写作需要将专业知识与有效沟通技巧相结合。
当涉及复杂概念或研究发现时，为了吸引不同水平读者，清晰、简洁地传达信息至关重要。
如果要吸引全球读者，其中一些人的专业知识水平可能有所不同。
One key aspect of writing in technology is the use of terminology and jargon specific to the field. While these terms may be essential for accurately conveying information, it is important to strike a balance between technical accuracy and readability for a broader audience. Providing explanations or definitions for technical terms can help clarify the content for readers who may not be familiar with the specialized vocabulary.科技写作的一个关键方面是使用特定领域的术语和行话。
科技英语写作教程
第一节 词 类
(7)在人名的所有格之前不用冠词。 这个式子被称为欧姆定律。 This equation is known as Ohm's law． 根据法拉第定律，在初级绕组中感应出来的电压 与初级电感成正比。 The voltage induced in the primary winding is proportional to the primary inductance according to Faraday's law．
第一节 词 类
3．特殊情况 (1)在表示某个参数的单位的词前往往用定冠词。
电位差的单位为伏特。 The unit of potential difference is the volt. 电容的单位为法拉。 The unit of capacitance is the farad.
第一节 词 类
第一节 词 类
(2)论文的标题、书籍名称等的冠词可以省去。如： 锁相环的研究 Study of Phase-locked Loops 计算机入门 Introduction to Computers
第一节 词 类
(3)专有名词一般不加冠词。在科技文写作中，主要 涉及到的专有名词有人名、地名、单位名称和国 家名称。其中单位名称和国家名称需要注意以下 几点：一般由单个词表示的国家名称或一个地点 名词加“大学”构成的专有名称前不加冠词；由 三个或三个以上的普通单词构成的单位或国家名 称前要加定冠词(不过写在信封上或发表的论文作 者下面等场合时一般可不加冠词)。如：
第一节 词 类
2．数词在句子中作前置修饰语 (倍数；分数)+（the+名词；that+后置定语（多为“of 短语”）；what从句） 这个电压是加给放大器的信号的80倍。
科技英文写作课程
Course grade 100%
(6) Norms for class assignments
The instructor assesses the above assignments on the basis of the following norms:
Structure Each class assignment must adhere to the structure outlined in "Details of class assignments". Style Each class assignment must be written in clear and concise English, omitting any grammatical, general writing style, or Chinese colloquial errors. Usability Each class assignment must not only have a particular audience in mind, but attempt to link the technical information with the particular reader's interest(s).
for non-native speakers of English
Writing
Up Research: Experimental Research Report Writing for Students of English by Robert Weissberg and Suzanne Buker A Handbook for Technical Communication by Jacqueline K. Neufeld English Oral Presentations for Chinese Technical Writers by Ted Knoy
英语科技论文写作方法与教程(南开大学)-5
Designing your poster
• Use clear headings and conventional
without coming too close and feeling obliged to speak to you.
Designing your poster
• Hand-written material is not really
suitable for this kind of display.
collaboration or employment (e.g. postdoc).
• An opportunity to sell yourself!
Why present a poster?
Why present a poster?
Why present a poster?
• Some poster displays also include
• Successful poster presentations draw
on a different range of skills from those used in formal oral presentation.
Why present a poster?
• The poster is an invaluable way to
Designing your poster
• The first step is to decide which
information to display.
• It is not necessary to include every
detail.
• A reader should grasp the meaning of
科技英语的写作方法
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四、结尾部分
1、致谢
为了对曾给予支持与帮助或关心的人表示感谢，在论文之后，作
者通常对有关人员致以简短的谢词，可用如下方式： I am thankful to sb. for sth I am grateful to sb. for sth I am deeply indebted to sb. for sth I would like to thank sb. for sth. Thanks are due to sb. for sth The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to sb. for sth. The author wishes to acknowledge sb. The author wishes to express his gratitude for sth
Diversity in the Future Work Force (名词+介词词组)
on
external
Models of Sustaining Human and Natural Development (名词+介词词组) 标题中的介词词组一般用来修饰名词或名词词组，从而限定某研究课题的 范围。这种结构与中文的“的”字结构相似，区别是中文标题中修饰语在 前，中心词在后。英文正好相反，名词在前，而作为修饰语的介词短语在 后。例如： Progress on Fuel Cell and its Materials (燃料电池及其材料进展)
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2、注释
注释有两种方式，一种为脚注，即将注释放在出现的
当页底部；另一种是将全文注释集中在结尾部分。两 种注释位置不同，方法一样。注释内容包括: (1) 引文出处。注释方式参见“参考文献”。 (2) 对引文的说明,如作者的见解、解释。 (3) 文中所提到的人的身份，依次为职称或职务、单位。 如: Professor, Dean of Dept…. University（教 授，……大学……系主任） Chairm） (4) 本论文是否曾发表过。
《Writing English Syllabus科技英语写作》课程教学大纲
Midterm Assignment
Students will write a report of 350 words on an actual project they participated in
30%
Final Assignment
Students will write an essay of 600 words on a selection of academical topics
1-18
Student Input
2
Support student in developing own focus regarding their education through independent search for answers in combination with communication with teacher
《Professional English Writing》Syllabus
Course Title：Professional English Writing
Course category(compulsory/elective)：C
Course Title(in Englsh)：Professional English Writing
Case Studies analysis
Total：
32
Method and standard of assessment
Form of assessment
evaluation standard
Weights
Class Presence
Students are required to submit a number of writing samples (homework)
(秦荻辉)科技英语写作PPT课件
第一节 词 类
(7)在人名的所有格之前不用冠词。 这个式子被称为欧姆定律。 This equation is known as Ohm's law． 根据法拉第定律，在初级绕组中感应出来的电压与 初级电感成正比。 The voltage induced in the primary winding is proportional to the primary inductance according to Faraday's law．
8
第一节 词 类
中国 China 北京大学 Beijng University 西电大学 Xidian University 西北工业大学 the Northwestern Polytechnical University 计算机科学系 the Department of Computer Science
科技英语写作教程
秦荻辉 编著 西安电子科技大学出版社
1
第一章 科技英语单句写作
• 对于研究生、专业教师和科技工作者来说，所 谓科技英语写作，就是把中文的论文翻译成英 语文本的问题。目前我们在进行科技英语写作 学习过程中最迫切的任务是一定要把单句写好。
• 另外，写作和翻译具有很强的实践性，一些国 内外著名专家一再强调，写作课就是要“写”， 翻译课就是要“译”，理论并不多，只有通过 大量实践才能掌握必要的写作和翻译技巧。
2
第一节 词 类
一、冠词 在写作时，冠词用错的情况极为普遍，多数人 往往漏用冠词，有些人是乱用冠词。对冠词的使 用应注意以下几点。
3
第一节 词 类
1．一般应加冠词的情况 (1)在单数可数名词前一般要有冠词，泛指时多用不
定冠词。如：
电动势加在铜导线的两端。 An emf is applied across the ends of a copper wire． 发射机通常是由几部分构成的。 A transmitter consists commonly of several parts．
科技英语写作教程5V1
①科技人员趋向于使用一些显得稳重的规 范词(formal words)(因为普通词汇一般来 说显得比较随便)，这样从词汇这一方面突 出了科技英语正式、庄重的语体特征，避 免使用浮华、带有感情色彩的词语，当然 并不是说在科技文中不用普通词汇。如： 普通英语词 科技英语中的非技术词 (一般语体) (正式语体) about approximately ask inquire begin commence buy purchase
另外，由于论文的文摘是概述论文的内容，所 以“在本文中(in this paper)”这一概念在英文文 摘中一般是不必写出来的，写上了就显得多此一 举(不过我们也发现有些外国人也常用这一短语 的)。但是如果文摘一开头是说明或介绍情况， 然后陈述本文提出了某种解决方案、设计方法等， 这时就得加上“in this paper”这一短语，它起 了一个转折语的作用，这样就显得上下概念贯通 了。
若在文摘中使用主动语态，则主语多用名词或 第三人称的代词。但在现代英文文摘中也有用第 一人称复数形式代词“we”的。 不过，到目前为止几乎没人使用第一人称单数 “I(我)”的(我们发现有初写英文文摘的同学可能 由于受汉语的影响往往在文摘中使用了“I”)。从 多数情况看，英美人通常用"the authors"或 "the author"来表示相应的“我们”或“我”的 概念。
需要注意，尽管前面介绍过副词作状语时 在句中的位置是灵活的，但在被动句中修饰 主动词的副词大多应放在过去分词之前而不 放在句首，如： The circuit is then completed． Wires are usually made of copper． The current in this resistor is first determined．
秦荻辉科技英语写作教程练习答案
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科技英语作文写作技巧和方法
科技英语作文写作技巧和方法Writing Skills and Methods for Technology English Compositions。
Introduction:In today's digital era, technology plays a crucial role in our lives. As a result, it is essential for individuals to possess effective writing skills and methods to communicate their ideas and knowledge in the field of technology. This article aims to provide guidance on writing compelling and coherent technology English compositions.1. Understand the Audience:Before starting to write, it is crucial to understand the target audience. Consider their level of technical knowledge and expertise. This understanding will help in choosing appropriate language, tone, and level of detail in the composition.2. Plan and Organize:Effective writing requires careful planning and organization. Start by outlining the main points or ideas that need to be conveyed. Create a logical flow between these points, ensuring a smooth transition from one idea to another. This will help readers follow the content easily.3. Use Clear and Concise Language:In technology writing, clarity is of utmost importance. Use simple and concise language to convey complex ideas. Avoid jargon or technical terms that may confuse the readers. If technical terms are necessary, provide clear explanations or definitions to ensure understanding.4. Provide Relevant Examples:To make your composition more engaging and relatable, include relevant examples. These examples will help readers understand how the technology is applied in real-lifescenarios. Use specific details and facts to support your ideas, making the content more credible.5. Use Visual Aids:Technology is often complex, and visual aids can significantly enhance understanding. Incorporate diagrams, charts, or graphs to illustrate concepts or data. Ensure that the visual aids are clear, labeled, and directly related to the content discussed.6. Use Active Voice:Using active voice in writing makes the content more dynamic and engaging. It also helps in conveying information more directly. Instead of passive constructions, use active verbs to emphasize actions and responsibilities.7. Edit and Proofread:After completing the initial draft, take the time to edit and proofread the composition. Check for grammatical errors, sentence structure, and coherence. Ensure that the ideas flow logically and that the content is error-free. Reading aloud can also help identify any awkward phrasing or inconsistencies.8. Seek Feedback:To improve the quality of your composition, seek feedback from others. Ask for input from colleagues, friends, or mentors who have knowledge in the field of technology. Their perspectives can help identify areas for improvement and provide valuable insights.9. Stay Updated:Technology is a rapidly evolving field. Stay updated with the latest advancements, trends, and terminology. Incorporate current information into your writing to ensure relevance and accuracy. Regularly reading technology-related articles, journals, or blogs can help expand your knowledge base.Conclusion:Writing compelling and effective technology English compositions requires careful planning, organization, and clarity. By understanding the audience, using clear language, providing relevant examples, and incorporating visual aids, writers can effectively communicate complex technological concepts. Regular editing, seeking feedback, and staying updated are essential for continuous improvement in writing skills. With practice and dedication, anyone can become a proficient technology writer.。
科技英语写作教程
科技英语写作教程在当今全球化的世界中，科技英语写作的重要性日益凸显。
科技英语写作不仅在学术研究中扮演着关键角色，也在商业、政府和日常生活中的许多方面发挥着重要作用。
因此，掌握科技英语写作技巧对于提高我们的全球竞争力至关重要。
科技英语写作教程旨在教授学生如何有效地使用英语进行科技写作。
本教程将分为四个部分：引言、科技英语写作基础知识、科技英语写作实践和结论。
引言部分将介绍科技英语写作的基本概念和重要性。
我们将探讨科技英语写作的定义、目的和特点，以及它在现代社会中的地位。
在科技英语写作基础知识部分，我们将深入探讨科技英语写作的语法、词汇和句子结构。
我们将学习如何使用复杂句型和专业化术语，以及如何避免常见的语法错误。
我们还将了解科技英语写作中的文体和语域特点。
在科技英语写作实践部分，我们将通过实例分析来学习如何撰写高质量的科技英语文章。
我们将从选题、搜集资料、撰写提纲、初稿到修订和校对等方面进行实践。
我们还将学习如何使用科技英语写作工具，如语法检查器和专业排版软件。
在结论部分，我们将回顾本教程的主要内容，并总结我们在科技英语写作方面的收获。
我们将讨论如何将所学知识应用到实际生活中，以及如何进一步提高我们的科技英语写作技能。
科技英语写作教程旨在帮助学生掌握科技英语写作的基本知识和技能。
通过本教程的学习，学生将能够熟练地运用科技英语进行写作，提高他们在学术研究、商业和生活中的竞争力。
随着全球化的深入和科技的飞速发展，英语科技论文摘要的写作范式越来越受到。
本文旨在探讨英语科技论文摘要的写作范式，为撰写出结构合理、逻辑清晰、表述准确的英文科技论文摘要提供指导和规范。
一、英语科技论文摘要的定义与作用英语科技论文摘要是对原始科技论文的高度概括和总结，以简洁明了的英文表述，传达论文的主要研究目的、方法、结果和结论。
摘要的主要作用包括：1、提供论文的概述，帮助读者快速了解论文的核心内容；2、为读者提供一个初步的学术交流和讨论的平台；3、为未来研究者提供研究方向和进一步研究的线索。
科技英文写作教材
Scientific and Technical WritingOverview of the courseTechnical writing is an interactive process that involves writers and readers who respond to one another.How well you communicate affects your careerSuccessful engineers spent 25% of work week writing (Richard M. Davis) Professional engineers found writing their most useful subject in college (Wisconsin) Recruiters claim that engineers need more work on their writing (Virginia Tech)Major Elements of WritingAssessing the Audience and Purpose Selecting the Organization and Style Crafting the Flow and PresentationSkills needed to develop writingCLEAR CONCISE WELL-ORGANIZED HONESTMajor Problems about EFL WritingOrganization L1 L2 Grammatical problem Lexical problem Language useformmeaninguseCourse Objectives ITo understand the importance of audience awareness in creating documents To learn to clearly communicate ideas in various standardized formats. (research reports, technical proposals, user documentation, etc.). To attain a fuller understanding of the writing process.Course Objectives IITo attain an advanced understanding of the English grammar, especially about the rhetorical skills. To gain more knowledge, efficiency, and confidence about writing in general.Course OutlinesTechnical reports: structure and process Proposals Progress reports Instructions Research Reports Business correspondenceCourse OutlinesFormat familiarity Idea generation Writing process Organization Paragraph arrangement Sentence variety Vocabulary choiceSentence TypesSimple sentencesCompound sentencesComplex sentencesCompound-complex sentencesReporting Verbsagree, assume, believeconclude, point out, proposeReport, reveal, suggest, say, show argue, claimReady to write?HW1 (problem statement)Clauses Structure IThe results from this experiment seem to suggest that _____________________It cannot be denied that ________________ _____________________ is a common superstitionIt was not known until recently that___ ___________________Clauses Structure III would like to ____________________ TOEFL, ________, ______________If properly stored, _______________Having been working _____, _________-PassivesVbe + Vpphave been Vppshould have been VppTense and AspectsV____ or ____Tense ______, ______, ______ aspects _______, _______ModalsTransitional wordsadditionally, accordinglyas a matter of fact, as a result If …………..it ………In fact, in additionReady to write? HW2 (weekly report )Corpus ApplicationBNC/ Iwill/iwill.htmlPresentation skills Be yourself,Be natural,Be persuasive.Ready to write?HW 3 (summary writing)。
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又如在电子线路书籍中若说“如果在基极上 所加的激励电压太大，晶体管就会处于饱和状 态”可用“If the base is driven hard，the transistor will saturate．”来表示；“所得 结 果 与 计 算 值 相 吻 合 ” 可 用 “ The results obtained are in good agreement with the calculated values．”来表示；“这一点需要 进 一 步 考 虑 ” 可 用 "This point deserves some further consideration．”来表示，等 等。
(5)趋于用名词来表示动作。例如： 我们把无线电波与水波作了比较。 Radio waves are compared with water waves → A comparison of radio waves with water waves is made． 本文对这一设备的性能进行了分析。 The performance of this device is analyzed (in the paper)．→An analysis of the performance of this device is made (in the paper)．
科技英语写作教程
第三节 科技论文及其摘要的写作注意事项 一、所写的英语句子语法上一定要正确，进 而努力做到地道、准确 二、广泛使用被动句 三、科技论文及文摘中使用的时态 四、词汇问题 五、句子特征 六、科技论文和文摘中不使用口语体的缩略 形式 七、与主题无关的内容不要写在文摘中
一、所写的英语句子语法上一定要正确，进而 努力做到地道、准确 能写出语法上正确的句子是最起码的要求， 因为至少使外国人能了解你想要表达的意思。 可有一部分同学由于语法概念不怎么强、句 型不怎么熟练，所以在撰写英语句子时往往 根据脑子里汉语的概念而堆上一些英语单词， 从而写出了不少“中文式的英语”。我们经 常发现没有主语的句子，在及物动词后缺少 宾语，在介词后表示一个动作没有用动名词 而用了过去分词，主语与谓语的数不一致， 使用分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语 不一致，可数名词单数前没有冠词或不知道 使用an，等等。
二、广泛使用被动句 在科技论文中由于主要着重讲述客观现象和科技真 理，所以与日常英语和文学著作相比，被动句使用 得广泛得多(外国人统计过，被动句在科技英语中约 占三分之一，比文艺类的文章多十余倍)，而在英文 文摘中更是如此。我们汉语中则被动句用得较少， 且可使用没有行为主体的无人称句(或者使用主语为 “人们”、“大家”等意义的词)，这时用英语表达 时就该使用被动句了，否则很容易写出没有主语的 “中文式英语”来。当然科技英语中也有表示“人 们、大家”的词，那就是"one”(注意并不是有些读 者常喜欢用的"people"一词，这个词在正式的科技 文中是很少用的)，它在语法上表示单数第三人称， 总体上来说，这个词也并不是十分常用的。
必须求出该电阻上的电流与电压。 It is necessary to find out the current through and the voltage across the resistor，(本句中要注意在current和 voltage后要用不同的介词，前者跟 through，而后者要跟across，绝对不能 写成中文式的“…the current and voltage on the resistor”.)
(6)在某些情况下，英语与汉语的词序是不同 的，在写作时应特别留意。例如： 接收机每个部分的电路将分章详细介绍。 The circuits for each receiver section are presented in detail in separate chapters． 在这种情况下需要加上另外四个时钟脉冲。 In this case，it is necessary to apply four additional (added) clock pulses．(当然本 句也可用another four来表示“另外四个”， 这时英汉词序就相同了)。
在把句子的语法结构搞正确后，就要进一步 熟悉常用的固定句型。每个专业有各自的一些 固定说法。在阅读本专业的英语书刊时要经常 留意并摘记下来。句型积累多，写起英语来就 顺当多了。譬如在数学书籍中，我们说“这个 解 验 证 无 误 ” ， 英 语 常 用 “ The solution checks ． ” 来 表 示 ； “ 证 毕 ” 常 用 "This completes the proof．”来表示或使用拉丁 语 Q ． E ． D ． ( 或 QED) ；“这等于是说 …” 常 用“This amounts to saying…”或“This is equivalent to saying．”来表示。
本文讨论了现代通讯的基本原理。 The fundamental principles of modern communication are discussed (in the paper)． 同时给出了经验公式。 An empirical formula is also given． 我们使用了几种简单的介质试验目标。 Several simple dielectric test objects have been utilized． 本方法避免了矩阵求逆的复杂运算。 This scheme avoids the complexities of matrix inversion.
需要注意，尽管前面介绍过副词作状语时 在句中的位置是灵活的，但在被动句中修饰 主动词的副词大多应放在过去分词之前而不 放在句首，如： The circuit is then completed． Wires are usually made of copper． The current in this resistor is first determined．
另外，由于论文的文摘是概述论文的内容，所 以“在本文中(in this paper)”这一概念在英文文 摘中一般是不必写出来的，写上了就显得多此一 举(不过我们也发现有些外国人也常用这一短语 的)。但是如果文摘一开头是说明或介绍情况， 然后陈述本文提出了某种解决方案、设计方法等， 这时就得加上“in this paper”这一短语，它起 了一个转折语的作用，这样就显得上下概念贯通 了。
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三、科技论文及文摘中使用的时态 由于科技文侧重于叙述科技内容，很少涉 及动作发生的时间，所以科技写作中时态运 用很有限，常用的只有几种，其中最大量使 用的时态是一般现在时，其次是一般将来时 和现在完成时，再次是一般过去时和现在进 行时，其它时态相对来说用得不多(当然， 为了表示虚拟语气，还要借用到过去完成时、 过去将来时和过去将来完成时)。而在文摘 中则主要使用一般现在时，其次是现在完成 时，偶尔使用一般过去时和一般将来时。
本文提出了一种新的计算机辅助设计方法。 A new computer-aided design method is presented (in the paper)．(当然从语法上来 说，这个句子也可译成主动句：This paper presents a new computer-aided design method．)从英美人写的科技文摘来看，以 译成被动句的情况为多见。 我们通常见到的英文文摘的第一句话“本文 提出了(介绍了，证明了)……”，英美人常用 被动句，例如： A new procedure for checking the stability of 2—D digital filters is proposed．
若在文摘中使用主动语态，则主语多用名词或 第三人称的代词。但在现代英文文摘中也有用第 一人称复数形式代词“we”的。 不过，到目前为止几乎没人使用第一人称单数 “I(我)”的(我们发现有初写英文文摘的同学可能 由于受汉语的影响往往在文பைடு நூலகம்中使用了“I”)。从 多数情况看，英美人通常用"the authors"或 "the author"来表示相应的“我们”或“我”的 概念。
①科技人员趋向于使用一些显得稳重的规 范词(formal words)(因为普通词汇一般来 说显得比较随便)，这样从词汇这一方面突 出了科技英语正式、庄重的语体特征，避 免使用浮华、带有感情色彩的词语，当然 并不是说在科技文中不用普通词汇。如： 普通英语词 科技英语中的非技术词 (一般语体) (正式语体) about approximately ask inquire begin commence buy purchase
计算机已广泛地用于我们的国防。 Computers have been widely used in our national defence．(这个句子也可译成主动态的一 个表达被动含义的固定句型：Computers have found wide use in our national defence．) 最后举例说明了这种方法的应用。 Finally，the application of this method is illustrated with an example． 众所周知，分子是由原子组成的。 It is well known that(或：As is well known， )molecules consist of atoms.
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