[if引导的虚拟语气]if虚拟语气
虚拟语气
If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow,we could change our plan.
如果明天下雪,我们会改变计划。
将来
二、虚拟语气的倒装形式
1)If it had not been for your help,we would never have been able to get out of trouble. → Had it not been for your help,we would never have been able to get out of trouble. 2)If it should snow tomorrow,we would put off our trip. → Should it snow tomorrow,we would put off our trip. 3)If I were you,I would buy that car. → Were I you,I would buy that car.
他立刻去老师的办公室很有必要。
增:
现在的事实 If it were not for the fact that you are ill,I would ask you to do this right now.
如果不是你病了,我会让你立刻做这件事。
If he had followed my advice,he wouldn’t 过去 have lost his job.
如果他听了我建议,他不会失去他的 工作。
情况3:与将来事实相反
If sb. did/were to do/should do …,sb. would/could/might do.
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if 引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类:1) .真实条件句(SentencesofRealConditior):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。
例如:⑴ 、IfIhavetime,Iwillhelpyouwiththiswork. 如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
(2)、Iftimepermits,we'llgofishingtogether.( 如果有时间的话,我们就一起去钓鱼。
)2) .虚拟条件句(SentencesofUnrealCondition):当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。
例如:⑴、IfIwereyou,Iwouldhaveattendedthemeeting. 如果我是你的话,就去参加会议了。
⑵、lfhehadcomehereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenhisoldfriend假如他昨天来这儿的话,就会看见他的老朋友。
⑴、lfithadrainedyesterday,wewouldhavestayedathome. (如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。
)2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况: ① 与过去事实相反。
② 与现在事实相反。
③ 与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是:① 与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
if和will的用法虚拟语气
if和will的用法虚拟语气一、if和will的用法概述if和will都是英语中常用的虚拟语气形式,用来表示与实际情况相反或假设的情况。
它们有着各自独特的用法和含义,在句子中起到不同的作用。
二、if引导条件句时的用法1. 表示可能性如果真实情况下可能发生某事,可以使用if引导条件从句。
例如:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就会呆在家里。
)这个句子表示,如果明天下雨这种可能性存在,那么我们将选择待在家里。
2. 表示假设当前提是无法满足或纯粹是个假设时,可以使用if引导条件从句。
例如:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更加努力学习。
)在这个例子中,“我是你”这个前提显然是不可能实现的,所以我们使用了“were”而不是“was”。
3. 表示建议通过一个假设来为对方提出建议或提供帮助时,可以使用if引导条件从句。
例如:If you need any assistance, feel free to ask me for help.(如果你需要任何帮助,请随时向我寻求。
)在这个句子里,“如果你需要任何帮助”是一个假设条件,用来表示作者愿意提供帮助。
三、will引导虚拟条件句时的用法1. 表示说话人的意愿或意图当说话人通过虚拟语气表达自己对某事的意愿或意图时,可以使用will引导后面的从句。
例如:She asked me if I would help her with the project.(她问我是否愿意帮她完成这个项目。
)在这个例子中,“我愿意帮忙”正好符合了will的用法,表达出了说话人对于帮助的意愿。
2. 表示猜测或推测在一些情况下,使用will来表示根据某种迹象或判断得出某种猜测或推测。
例如:If he doesn't hurry up, he will miss the train.(如果他不赶紧,他会错过火车。
if引导虚拟语气的用法
if引导虚拟语气的用法1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:从句:If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+XXXdoeg:1.If I were you,I would take an XXX.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不可能是你)2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。
(事实:不知道)3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。
(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.假如我带钱了,我就会借给你些。
(事实:没有带钱)5.If he XXX,he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。
(事实:没有努力)6.she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。
(事实:我并非陌生人)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg:1.If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
事实:去晚了)2.If he had XXX my advice,he would not have made such a XXX.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
事实:没有听我的话)3、透露表现对未来情形的客观推测主句:主语+should+do从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/wereeg:1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类:1).真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。
例如:⑴、If I have tim e , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
(2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话,我们就一起去钓鱼。
)2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition):当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。
例如:⑴、If I were you , I w ould have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话,就去参加会议了。
⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话,就会看见他的老朋友。
⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.(如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。
)2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
if引导虚拟语气条件句PPT课件
06
总结与回顾
回顾if引导虚拟语气条件句的用法
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
在条件句中,使用虚拟语气表示与实际情况相反的情况,或者表 示假设、猜测等。
虚拟语气的形式
虚拟语气有多种形式,包括与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与 将来事实相反等。
虚拟语气的时态
虚拟语气与时态有关,需要根据实际情况选择适当的时态。
况,主句用would+have+过 去分词的形式。
翻译题
01
02
03
中文
如果我知道这个消息,我 早就告诉你了。
英文
If I had known the news, I would have told you long ago.
解释
从句表示与过去事实相反 的情况,主句用 would+have+过去分词 的形式。
题目
If he _______ the money, he _______ able to buy a car.
had had; would be
答案
解释
从句表示与过去事实相反的情况,主句用would+______ rained last night,
the ground would be wet this morning.
表示与事实相反的情况
总结词
与事实相反的情况是指条件句中的假设与现实情况相 反,主句使用虚拟语气表示与实际情况的差异。
详细描述
在英语中,当if引导的条件句表示与事实相反的情况时, 主句通常使用虚拟语气。这种用法常用于表示某种假设 的情况并未实现,而是与现实情况相反。例如,“If I were you, I would not make that mistake again.” (如果我是你,我不会再犯那个错误了。)这句话表示 的是假设自己是对方,但实际上并不是,提醒对方不要 犯同样的错误。
if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
1.if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if 条件状语从句中表示对将来、过去、现在的虚拟1. If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party.(真实条件句)如果她明天邀请我参加聚会,我就去.If she invited me , I should go to the party.[虚拟条件句] (说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能)She will probably not invite me, so I shall not go to the party.2. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.假如她昨天邀请我参加聚会,我就去了.She didn`t invite me yesterday, so I didn`t go to the party. 她昨天没有邀请我参加聚会,因此我没有去.3. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.If she were to invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.If she invited me tomorrow, I should go to the party.1.对现在的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were) I (we) should+动词原形主语+would(might, could)+动词原形If I were you, I should study English. (I am not you , so I shall not study English.)If I had time, I would attend the wedding. (I does not have time, so I will not attend the wedding.)If they didn`t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn`t be so healthy.(They take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)2.对过去的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If+主语+had+过去分词 I(we) should+ have+过去分词主语+would(might, could)+have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you wouldn`t have failed in theexamination.(You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.)3.对将来的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式(三种) 主句的动词形式⑴If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were),通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用(tomorrow)⑵If+主语(任何人称和数)+should+动词原形⑶If+主语(任何人称和数) +were +to动词原形I (we) should+动词原形或主语(任何人称)+would(might, could)+动词原形If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.。
if条件句虚拟语气
有关英语if条件句虚拟语气用法
if的虚拟语气用法:
1、现在时:当if引导的虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反时,主句谓语用could、would、shoul d或mi ght加动词原形,条件从句中的谓语用过去式。
2、过去时:当if引导的虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反时,主句谓语用could、would、shoul d或mi ght加have再加动词原形,
3、将来时:当if引导的虚拟语气表示与将来事实相反时,主句谓语用could、would、shoul d或mi ght加动词原形,条件从句中的谓语用过去式。
虚拟语气中,表条件的状语从句的if可以省略,但主语必须与动词易位(也就是倒装):
If it were not for his illness, he could do better.
=Were it not for his illness, he could do better.
如果不是因为他生病,他可以做得更好。
If he had money, he would buy that villa.
= Had he money, he would buy that villa.
对将来情况的虚拟:
主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形从句:should+动词原形/were to+动词原形。
对现在情况的虚拟:
主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形从句:动词过去式
对过去情况的虚拟:
主句:主语+would/should/might/could have+动词过去分词从句:had+动词过去分词。
if条件句中虚拟语气的用法
if虚拟条件句 与现在 事实相 反的假 设 与过去 事实相 反的假 设 与将来 事实相 反的假 设
主句
If+主语+ 动词的过去式 (be动词一般用were) 即:If+一般过去时态 (be动词一般用were)
主语+would ( should / might / could )+动词 原形
If+主语+had +动词的过 主语 + would ( should / might 去分词 / could )+have 即:If+过去完成时态 done
1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词 原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原 形 主语+would ( should / might / could )+动词 原形
注意以下问题:
• 1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 • 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟现方式做保护处理对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑并不能对任何下载内容负责
If条件句中虚拟语气的用法
a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可 能实现的, 采用陈述语气。
b. if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几 乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。
与现 在事 实相 反的 假设
If+主语+ 动词的过 去式 (be动词一般用 were) 即:If+一般过去时 态 (be动词一般用were)
主语+would ( should / might / could ) +动词原形
与现在事实相反
If I were the schoolmaster ,
英语if虚拟语气语法总结
英语if虚拟语气语法总结一、英语if虚拟语气语法总结(一)含义与概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测、建议等非真实情况。
就像在幻想世界里搭建语言的城堡,它脱离了现实的束缚,创造出一种别样的语义空间。
在英语里,if引导的虚拟语气是其中非常重要的一部分。
(二)语法结构及解释1. 与现在事实相反- 结构:If + 主语+ 动词的一般过去式(be动词一律用were),主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形。
- 例如:If I were you, I would study harder.(要是我是你,我就会更努力学习。
)这里的“我是你”在现实中是不可能的,所以用虚拟语气。
用were而不用was是这种虚拟语气中be动词的特殊形式,就像一种约定俗成的魔法规则。
2. 与过去事实相反- 结构:If + 主语+ had + 过去分词,主语+would/should/could/might+ have+过去分词。
- 例如:If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.(如果他听了我的建议,他本可以通过考试的。
)但是实际上他没听建议,也没通过考试,这是对过去发生的事情的一种假设性的后悔或者惋惜的表达。
3. 与将来事实相反- 结构:If + 主语+ 动词的一般过去式/should + 动词原形/were to+动词原形,主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形。
- 例如:If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.(要是明天下雨,我们就会待在家里。
)虽然明天还没到来,但是这是一种假设性的对未来情况的预想。
或者If I should win the lottery, I would travel around the world.(要是我能中彩票,我就会环游世界。
if引导虚拟语气的用法
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/could/might+doeg:1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不可能是你)2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。
(事实:不知道)3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。
(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。
(事实:没有带钱)5.If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。
(事实:没有努力)6.she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。
(事实:我并非陌生人)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If 主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg:1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事实:没有听我的话)3、表示对将来情况的主观推测主句:主语+should+do从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/wereeg:1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
if引导的虚拟语气
to draw off the forces
撤退部队
It's too late to draw back from the plan.
现在要退出那计划已为时太晚。
We finally arrived in Rome.我们终于到达罗马。
He arrived inEnglandsafe and sound.
虚拟与陈述的混合:各遵守各的规则
①He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough.
②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.
If he is out, I’ll call tomorrow.
他安全到达英国。
Theyput forwardsome new ideas on the subject.
他们对这个问题提出了一些新的见解。
混合虚拟条件句
不同时间的虚拟:各遵守各的规则
①If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now.
③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
类别
用法
例句
If引导的
条件从句
与现在事实相反
从句动词:过去式(be用were)
主句动词:should/would/could/might+do
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句;只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气;通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气;1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态;即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”;也就是:①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示;②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示;③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示;主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式;例:⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事项:①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序;②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were;二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法:1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助,我们就会陷入困境;而事实上得到了你们的帮助the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好,我去那儿;事实天气不好I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话,我再读一遍;事实上我不是你time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话,我再写一遍;事实上时间不允许it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话,我们就不会待在屋里;事实上现在下雪would I do if I were in your place要是我处于你地位我会怎么办事实上我不在你的位置上he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车;可是他不着急8. If I were you, I should buy it. 从句用过去式动词were,主句用动词原形buy9. If I had time, I would study French. 如果有时间,我会学习法文;从句用过去式动词had,主句用动词原形study10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英文,她就不必要我帮了;从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask 注意:如果动作在进行中,主句要用:"主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. 从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking例如:⑴、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误;事实上你没有听我的劝告⑵、I shouldn’t have been able to write such good novels if I hadn’t lived among the peasants for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年,就不可能写出这样好的小说;事实上我和农民生活了五年⑶、If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party.如果你不邀请我,我就不会来参加你的舞会;事实上你邀请了我⑷、If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病,我是可能来上学的;事实上我生病了⑸、If he hadn’t broken the law, he wouldn’t have been put in prison.如果他不违法的话,就不会被打入监狱;事实上他违法了⑹、If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话,就把你开除学籍了;事实上我不是注意:如果动作在进行中,主句要用:"主语+ would + have + 完成进行式动词+……⑺、If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.从句动词用had been, 主句动词用have been speaking⑴、I f I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题,我会用另外一种方法的;⑵、I f you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做这样的事情,就会受到惩罚;⑶、I f I should work harder, I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话,我会取得更大的进步;事实上我不可能努力学习⑷、I f it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.如果明天下雨的话,我将待在家里;根据天气情况,明天不可能下雨⑸、I f he should come, I could ask him for some advice.万一他来了,我就能够向他请教;事实上他来的可能性很小⑹、I f he came tomorrow, I would do it with him.如果明天他来的话,我将和他一起做此事;事实上他来的可能性很小⑺、If it should rain, the crops would be saved.从句动词用should rain,主句动词用be 如果天下雨,庄稼可能就收获了;⑻、If he were here, I would give him the books.从句动词用were, 主句动词用give 如果他在这儿,我可能会把书给他;注意:如果动作在进行中,从句不是主句要用:"If + 主语+ 过去进行式动词+……"⑼、If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.从句动词用were staying, 主句动词用let如果她现在留在这儿,我可能会让她骑我的马;。
if引导的虚拟语气的用法归纳
if引导的虚拟语气的用法归纳
1. If 引导的虚拟语气可以表示与现在事实相反的情况呀!比如说“要是我现在是个超级英雄,那我就可以拯救世界啦!”,就像我们总幻想自己有超能力一样。
2. 还能用来表示与过去事实相反呢,像“要是我昨天好好学习了,今天考试就不会这么糟糕了!”,这多像考试失利后我们常有的懊悔啊。
3. 它也能表达对将来不太可能发生事情的假设哦,“要是明天外星人来地球,那得有多神奇呀!”,这是不是很有趣呀?
4. 你看,“要是我有一双翅膀,我就可以自由自在地飞翔在空中了!”,这是多美好的想象呀。
5. “要是我能回到小时候,我一定好好珍惜那些时光!”,这样的虚拟语气是不是让我们不禁感慨呀。
6. “要是我有魔法,我就把所有的烦恼都变走!”,就像我们渴望摆脱烦恼一样。
7. 再比如“要是我当初勇敢一点,或许结果就不一样了!”,是不是让很多人都想起曾经遗憾的事呢。
8. “要是现在是夏天,我们就可以去游泳啦!”,多希望季节能瞬间变换呀。
9. 最后,“要是我再努力一点,是不是就能实现梦想了呢?”,这真的值得我们好好思考呀!
总之,if 引导的虚拟语气真的很神奇,能让我们想象各种不可能的事情,让我们的思维更加开阔呢!。
if引导的虚拟语气条件句
与目前事实相反,目前没有迅速
完毕
2)If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party
yesterday.假如我是你,我就去参加她昨天旳生日聚会了
(从句阐明目前,主句阐明过去)。
♦ 要根据动作发生旳时间选择恰当旳动词形式。
特例
2.省略If旳条件从句
6.If I __ in the 22nd century, I __ my vocation in a very different way. A. should live; would spend B. will live; should spend C. are living; should have spent D. will be living; would have spent 7. __ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Mountain Tai. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
假如条件句中有were/had(助动词)/should时,可使用 倒装句构造——省略If,把were/had(助动词)/should放 句首。假如条件句是否定句时,not应置于主语后,不能 与were/had(助动词)/should等缩略成 weren’t/hadn’t/shouldn’t.
例:Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy. =If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.
If + 主语 + had + 动词旳过去分词 主语+would(should
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是:①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例:⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事项:①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法:(一)、表示与现在事实相反的情况。
其句子结构为:从句:if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ,,,主句:主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ,,例:1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助,我们就会陷入困境。
(而事实上得到了你们的帮助)2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好,我去那儿。
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气if导的条件状语从句可以分为两类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。
凡是假设的情况发生可能性很大,就是真实条件句;当假设不太可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。
下面我们一起看看在条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
1)表示与现在事实相反的情况。
其句子结构为:从句:if+主语+动词的过去式(be 用were)+…主句:主语+would( should, could, might)+动词原形+……If I were you, I would read it again.如果我是你的话,我再读一遍。
(事实上我不是你)If he hurried. he could catch the first bus.他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。
(可他不急)If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英文,她就不必要找我帮忙了。
2)表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+had+过去分词+“主句:主语should,could,might)+have+过去分词+....If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯错了.If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。
If I hadn't been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病,我就来上学了。
(事实上我生病了)If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam.如果你在上个学期用功一些,你就会通过考试了。
if引导的虚拟语气用法
if引导的虚拟语气用法
if 引导的虚拟语气是英语中常用的一种语法结构,它表示与现实情况相反或不可能实现的假设或愿望。
以下是if 引导的虚拟语气的几种用法:
1. 与现在事实相反:If I were you, I would study harder. (如果我是你,我会更努力学习。
)
2. 与过去事实相反:If I had known that, I would have told you. (如果我知道那件事,我早就告诉你了。
)
3. 与将来事实相反:If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. (如果明天下雨,我们就取消野餐。
)
4. 省略if 的用法:在某些情况下,if 引导的虚拟语气可以省略if,而将were、had 或should 提前,例如:Were I you, I would study harder. (如果我是你,我会更努力学习。
)
5. 混合虚拟语气:有时虚拟语气中会包含不同时间的假设,例如:If I had studied harder, I would be a better student now. (如果我过去更努力学习,现在我会是更好的学生。
)
虚拟语气的使用需要根据具体语境和句子含义来确定,不能一概而论。
在使用虚拟语气时,还需要注意主谓一致、时态等问题。
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[if引导的虚拟语气]if虚拟语气
if虚拟语气篇1:虚拟语气课件
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
1. 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。
2. 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。
一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn"t want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn"t be able to see her friends very often.
3. 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时
候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。
这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
4. 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。
例如:We didn"t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
5. 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1. 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。
(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.
2. 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend,
decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。
值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。
例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is
suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
3. would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之
后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
1. it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
2. 在It"s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school
3. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语
动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。
例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。
4. 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动
词原形。
例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
5. 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式或过去
完成式。
例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.。