计算机专业英语 复习

Chapter 11.Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.a.data2.Perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.h. utilities3.Type of application programs that are more narrowly focused on specificdisciplines and occupations.f. specialized4.Also known as servers. b. midrange computers5.The most widely used handheld computers are smartphones and ___.d. PDAs6.Type of memory that is sometimes referred to as temporary storagebecause its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted. e. RAM7.The most important kinds of secondary media are hard disks, solid-statestorage, and ___. c. optical disks8.The type of solid-state drive widely used for transporting data andinformation between computers and a variety of specialty devices.g. USB9.Type of file created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things likebudgets and to predict sales.i. worksheet10.Provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on theInternet.j. WebBook1. Consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work.f. program2. Another name for a program.g. software3. Enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware.i. system software4. Type of computer that is small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk yet is too big to carry around.a. desktop5. A container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.j. system unit6. Devices that translate the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand.d. output7. Unlike hard disks, this type of storage does not have any moving parts, is more reliable, and requires less power.h. solid-state8. The most widely used communication device.b. modem9. A type of a file that might contain, for example, audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.e. presentation10. A communications system connecting two or more computers.c. networkMultiple Choice1. The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software are called:Procedures programsRules utilities2. The part of almost all of today’s computer systems that uses the Internet and allows users to greatly expand the capability and usefulness of their information systems.Connectivity hardwareUSB Web3. Specialized programs that are designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system are known as:basic programs device drivershi defs tablets4. The least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing type of computer is the: Mainframe microcomputerMidrange supercomputer5. The newest type of computer that is smaller and lighter than a notebook and typically does not have a keyboard but uses a touch sensitive screen for input.Netbook notebookTablet server6. Devices of this type translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process.Input outputsolid state tablet7. The type of secondary storage device that uses rigid metallic platters to store programs and very large data files.hard disk optical disksolid state Web8. Three types of optical discs are CDs, DVDs, and:Flash hi defMagnetic RAM9. The revolution that will dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.Wireless tablet PCUSB Web10. Type of computing that uses the Internet and the Web to shift many computer activities froma user’s computer to computers on the Internet.Cloud browserInternet WebBook1. The keyboard, mouse, monitor, and system unit are:Hardware output devicesstorage devices software2. Programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface, and run applications are known as:application programsoperating systemsstorage systemsutility programs3. A browser is an example of a:general purpose applicationspecialized programsystem applicationutility program4. Although not as powerful as a supercomputer, this type of computer is capable of great processing speeds and data storage.Mainframe midrangeNotebook tablet5. The smallest type of microcomputer:handheldnotebookmidrangetablet6. RAM is a type of:Computer memoryNetwork secondary storage7. Unlike memory, this type of storage holds data and programs even after electrical power to the computer system has been turned off.primaryRAMROMsecondary8. The type of file created by word processors to save, for example, memos, term papers, and letters.databasedocumentpresentationworksheet9. Uses the Internet and the Web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer to computers on the Internet.cloud computinghigh definitionnetworkUSB10. The largest network in the world is [the]:FacbeookInternetWebUSBChapter 2Matching1. This project launched the Internet.a. ARPANET2. Programs that provide access to Web resources.b. browsers3. The browser interprets the HTML instructions and displays___.i. Web pages4. Web based e-mail accounts do not require an e-mail program to be installed on your ___.e. computer5. The billions of unwanted and unsolicited e-mail.h. spam6. Photos, lists of personal interests, contact information, and other personal information displayed on Facebook.g. profiles7. Web site designed to allow visitors to fill in missing information or correct inaccuracies.j. wiki8. Evaluate the accuracy of information on the Web by considering authority, accuracy, objectivity and _____.f. currency9. Clients, the Internet, and service providers are basic components of this type of computing.d. cloud10. Type of electronic commerce that involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another.c. B2BBook1. The most popular Internet activity.a. communicating2. The most common way to access the Internet is through a(n).e. ISP3. Transmission of electronic messages over the Internet.c. e-mail4. Type of instant messaging service that supports a variety of different IM services.i. universal5. The premier business-oriented social networking site.f. LinkedIn6. Another name for a blog.j. Web log7. Publishes short sentences that only take a few seconds to write.g. microblog8. Maintain huge databases relating to information provided on the Web and the Internet.h. search services9. Electronic commerce involving individuals selling to individuals.b. C2C10. The basic components of cloud computing are clients, service providers, and the___.d. InternetMultiple Choice1. The Web was introduced in 1991 in Switzerland at the:APIX CERNInternet Spider2. These programs use a URL to connect to Web sites.Browsers spamProtocols utilities3. A type of communication that allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication.e-mailIMsocial networkingWebmail4. The most widely used social networking site:CERNLinkedInTwitterFacebook5. To evaluate the accuracy of information you find on the Web, you should consider the sites’ authority, accuracy, objectivity, and:currencyobjectivitysourcelocation6. The type of electronic commerce in which a business sells a product to the general public.B2BB2CC2CP2B7. This type of computing frees users from owning, maintaining, and storing software and data: networkclouddesktopWeb8. These programs are automatically started and operate as a part of your browser.filtersFTPplug-insspiders9. FTP, Web-based, and BitTorrent are types of:file transferprotocolsspam blockerswikis10. This type of suite can be used to maintain your security and privacy while you are on the Web: browser securityfilterplug-inInternet securityBook1. The network that connects computers all over the world.CERNInternetLANWeb2. The rules for exchanging data between computers.DSLprotocolsWebWWW3. Client-based e-mail accounts require this special program to be installed on your computer.e-mail clienthyperlinkJavautility4. Communities of individuals who share a common interest typically create Facebook:clientsgroupspagesprofiles5. E-mail that does not require an e-mail program installed on a user's computer is known as:a bloga podcastWebmaila utility6. A very well-known microblog.LinkedInGoogle+TwitterWikipedia7. These programs continually look for new information and update search services’ database programs.filtersIMspiderswikis8. Using a keyword, a search engine returns a list of related sites known as:blogshitspodcastsstrikes9. This is the Internet’s equivalent to traditional cash.digital cashe-commerceiCashInternet dollars10. Using file transfer utility software, you can copy files to your computer from specially configured servers on the Internet. This is called:downloadingfilteringblogginguploadingChapter 3Matching1. Application software can be divided into two categories: basic and ___.h. mobile apps2. This GUI uses a system of ribbons, tabs, and galleries.a. ribbon3. This application can be used to analyze sales trends and also evaluate and graph stock market trends.g. spreadsheet4. A feature of most word processors that enables users to quickly apply predefined formatting characteristics to text.i. styles5. A specialized graphics program for editing or modifying digital photographs.e. image editor6. Bitmap images are also referred to as _____ images.f. raster7. A program that sets up or structures a database.b. DBMS8. Illustration programs are used to create and edit _____ images.j. vector9. Graphics that typically appear as black and white boxes that automatically link mobile devices to a variety of different content including games, text, videos, and web sites.c. QR codes10. A collection of separate application programs bundled together and made available as a group.d. software suiteBook1.Toolbars typically appear below the menu bar and include small graphic elements called _____.a. buttons2. Simplifies the process of making a selection from a list of alternatives by graphically displaying the effect of alternatives before being selected.d. galleries3. A general purpose program that creates text-based documents.j. word processor4. Program that organizes, analyzes, and graphs numeric data.g. spreadsheet5. A collection of related data.c. database6. Also known as a photo editor, this specialized graphics program edits or modifies digital photographs.e. image editor7. The overall site design for a Web site is commonly represented in a graphical site ____.f. map8. A Web site that provides access to specific mobile apps is known as an app _____.h. store9. A type of suite that is stored at a server on the Internet and is available anywhere you can access the Internet.b. cloud10. A type of specialized suite that includes a variety of programs designed to make computing easier and safer.i. utilityMultiple Choice1. The portion of the application that allows you to control and to interact with the program.dialog boxgalleryuser interfacewindow2. The type of gui that uses tabs to organize groups of related items.charactergalleryribbontraditional3. This application software organizes, analyzes, and graphs numeric data.spreadsheetword processordatabasepresentation graphics4. A collection of related data equivalent to an electronic file cabinet:databasespreadsheetword processorpresentation graphics5. These programs allow you to mix text and graphics to create publications of professional quality focusing on page design and layout.image editorspresentation graphicsworkbooksdesktop publishing6. These readers allow mobile devices to use their digital cameras to scan quick response codes.mobile readerscamera scannersRC scannersQR code readers7. A Web site that provides access to specific mobile apps is called a(n):mobile storeapp storeiPhone appssmartphone store8. A collection of separate application programs bundled together and available as a group is a:integrated packagesoftware suiteapp suiteoffice apps9. One downside of using a _________ is that you are dependent on the server providing the application to be available whenever you need it.cloud suiteoffice suiteutility programWindows program10. Google Docs, Zoho, and Microsoft Office Web Apps are examples of:basic applicationscloud suitesutility suitesspecialized applicationsBook1. This type of software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details.applicationgeneral purposesystemutility2. A rectangular area that can contain a document, program, or message.dialog boxformframewindow3. Programs that create text-based documents.DBMSsuitesspreadsheetsword processors4. Programs that organize, analyze, and graph numeric data such as budgets and financial reports.DBMSsuitesspreadsheetsword processors5. Programs that allow you to mix text and graphics to create publications of professional quality.databasedesktop publishingpresentationproductivity6. The type of image consisting of geometric shapes.bitmaprasterribbonvector7. An online diary or commentary.bitmapblogHTMLvector8. Programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, visually interesting presentations.DBMSpresentation graphicsspreadsheetword processor9. Graphics that typically appear as black and white boxes that automatically link mobile devices to a variety of different content.QR Codesbitmapsraster imagesvectors10. Also known as an online suite.cloudintegratedofficeutilityChapter 4Matching1. Programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.b. device drivers2. Operating systems allow users to interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user ___.e. interface3. This type of interface uses graphical elements such as icons and windows.d. gui4. In a ribbon gui these divide menus into major activity areas.h. tabs5. While there are hundreds of different operating systems, there are only three basic categories:network, stand-alone, and ___.c. embedded6. The most recent Mac OS X version.g. Mountain Lion7. Originally developed by a graduate student at the University of Helsinki, Linus Torvalds, this operating system is a popular and powerful alternative to Windows.f. Linux8. Mobile operating system for many of Hewlett-Packard's smartphones and tablet computers.j. WebOS9. Utility program that reduces the size of files so they require less storage space and can be sent more efficiently over the Internet.i. file compression10. Wizard that provides step-by-step guidance for selecting hardware drivers and installing drivers.a. add a deviceBook1. Programs that perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.h. utilities2. Restarting a running computer without turning off the power.j. warm boot3. Type of operating system that controls and coordinates networked computers.f. NOS4. An operating system is often referred to as the software environment or___.g. platform5. OS X Lion feature to display and provide direct access to applications.e. Launchpad6.A type of software that allows a single physical computer to operate as though it were two or more separate and independent computers.i. virtualization7.Mobile operating system that that is owned by Google and is one of the fastest-growing mobile operating systems.a. Android8.Type of program that guards computer systems from viruses and other damaging programs.b. antivirus9. If a file cannot be saved on a single track, it has to be____.d. fragmented10. Program that works with the operating system to allow communication between a device and the rest of a computer system is called a device____.c. driverMatching1. This system software coordinates computer resources, provides a user interface, and runsapplications.device driveroperating systemtranslatorutility2. Starting or restarting a computer is called:bootingaligninginitializingstartup3. Type of operating system used for handheld devices such as smartphones, cable and satellite television tuner boxes, video game systems, and other small electronics.cellembeddednetworkstand-alone4. The operating system is often referred to as the software environment or the software:desktopserverplatformwindow5. An approach in which a single physical computer can support multiple operating systems that operate independently.simulationhostingmultitaskingvirtualization6. An operating system released in 2012 with a user interface very similar to the interface used with tablets and smartphones with functionality similar to Windows 8.OS X Mountain LionOS X LionLinuxChrome7. An approach that allows a single computer to run multiple operating systems at the same time.multitaskingvirtualizationV.R.Windows8. Developed by Apple, based on Mac OS and is used as the platform for the iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad.iOSBlackberry OSAndroidWindows Phone 89. A Windows utility program that locates and eliminates unnecessary fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations.BackupDisk CleanupDisk DefragmenterRestore10. Dangerous programs that can be “caught” in a variety of ways including opening e-mail attachments and downloading software from the Internet.appspamutilityvirusBook1. What type of software works with users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details?applicationdesktopLinuxsystem2. The programs that convert programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process are language:converterslinguistsmanagerstranslators3. The ability to switch between different applications stored in memory is called:diversionmultitaskingoperational interferenceprogramming4. Graphic representations for a program, type of file, or function:appiconimagesoftware5. This operating system feature is controlled by a mouse and changes shape depending on its current function.dialog boxmenumousepointer6. The operating system based on Linux, designed for Netbook computers, and focused on Internet connectivity through cloud computing:ChromeMacUnixWindows7. The mobile operating system developed by Apple and originally called iPhone OS:AndroidBlackBerry OSiOSMac OS8. A utility program that makes copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged:Backup and RestoreDisk CleanupDisk DefragmenterCompactor9. A troubleshooting utility that identifies and eliminates nonessential files, frees up valuable disk space, and improves system performance:Backup and RestoreDisk CleanupDisk DefragmenterCompactor10. Windows makes it easy to update drivers with Windows:BackupRestoreDriverUpdateChapter 5Matching1. Another name for a notebook computer.e. laptop2. The smallest computer system unit.d. handheld3. The most widely used character encoding standard that is recognized by virtually every computer system.j. Unicode4. The ALU performs two types of operations: arithmetic and ___.f. logical5. A type of chip that allows a single computer to run two or more operations at the same time.h. multicore6. Additional RAM can be added to a computer system by inserting an expansion module called ___.b. DIMM7. Type of slot on the system board that allows users to expand their systems.c. expansion8. Three types of expansion buses are USB, Firewire, and ___.i. PCIe9. Commonly used specialized ports are SATA, HDMI, MiniDP, S/PDIF and___.g. MIDI10. This adapter plugs into a standard wall outlet to convert AC to DC.a. ACBook1. A type of multiprocessor chip that provides two or more separate and independent CPUs.c. multicore2. A type of memory that is volatile or loses its contents when power is turned off.e. random access3. System board component that provides a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards.g. slots4. Plastic cards the size of a regular credit card that have an embedded specialty chip.h. smart cards5. A type of memory that improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory and the CPU.a. cache6. A type of memory that provides a combination of features of RAM and ROM.b. flash7. A generic term that is associated with the ability to attach any device onto a computer and have it play or work immediately.d. Plug and Play8. This bus connects the CPU to memory on the system board.i. system9. This port can be used to connect many USB devices to the system..j. USB10. This unit plugs into a standard wall outlet and converts AC to DC.f. slateMultiple Choice1. This type of system unit is designed to be placed either horizontally or vertically.desktopnotebooksmartphonetablet pc2. The binary system consists of only two digits: 0 or 1, called a:bitbytecharacternumber3. This controls communications for the entire computer system with every component within thesystem unit connecting to it.power supplymemoryexpansion slotmotherboard4. Chips are mounted on carrier:chipscircuitspackagesprocessors5. The number of times the CPU can fetch and process data or instructions in one second is known as its:busclock speedcycle ratefrequency rate6. These chips hold the program (sequence of instructions) and data that the CPU is presently processing.cardFlashRAMROM7. These chips have information stored in them that cannot be changed by the user.cardFlashRAMROM8. The expansion card that is used to connect a computer to a network.converterNetwork interfacemodemLAN9. The number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus is known as the:bus widthbyte pathdigital widthslate distance10. A socket for external devices to connect to the system unit.chipdockportslotaadcbcdbacBook1. This container houses most of the electrical components for a computer system.carrier packagesystem boardsystem unitUnicode2. A type of notebook, this computer specializes in on-the-go Web browsing and e-mail access.chassisdesktopmedia centernetbook3. The mainboard or motherboard is also known as the:computerboard processormobile systemsystem board4. How many bytes can a 32-bit-word computer access at one time?148165. In a microcomputer system, the central processing unit is contained on a single:buschipmoduleRAM6. This type of memory divides large programs into parts and stores the parts on a secondary storage device.directexpandedrandom-accessvirtual7. Also known as NIC, this adapter card is used to connect a computer to a:AIAexpansiongraphicsnetwork8. This provides a pathway to connect parts of the CPU to each other.busPlug and Playwiredwireless9. The specialized port that provides very high-speed connections for large secondary storage devices.eSATAHDMIMIDIMiniDP10. Computers can only recognize this type of electronic signal.analogbusdigitalmaximumcddbbddaacChapter 6Matching1. Type of keyboard that displays an image of a keyboard on a touch screen device.h. virtual2. A type of mouse that is battery-powered and does not use a mouse cord.j. wireless3. Type of screen widely used with tablet PCs, netbooks, and smartphones.g. touch4. Accepts documents consisting of text and/or images and converts them to machine-readable form.c. OCR5. Input device that uses special preprinted characters that can be read by a light source and changed into machine-readable code.f. scanner6. A monitor feature expressed as a matrix of dots or pixels.e. resolution7. Specialized digital video cameras that capture images and send them to a computer for broadcast over the Internet.i. WebCam8. Printer resolution is measured in ___.b. dpi9. Printer connected to the Internet that provides printing services to others on the Internet.a. cloud10. The transmission of telephone calls over computer networks.d. VoIPBook1. Pressing this key turns a feature on or off.i. toggle key2. This type of mouse has a ball on the bottom and is attached with a cord to the system unit.e. mechanical3. A penlike device commonly used with tablet PCs and PDAs.h. stylus4. Bar code readers use either handheld wand readers or platform.g. scanners5. Bar code system used by many electronic cash registers.j. UPC6. Records images digitally on a on a disk or its memoryb. digital camera7. The distance between each pixel.c. dot pitch8.A monitor feature that is measured by the diagonal length of the viewing area.a. active-display area9. Special-purpose printers for creating maps, images, and architectural and engineering drawings.f. plotters10. A provider of lower-cost options for VoIP.d. MagicJackMultiple Choice1. Keyboard that does not have a physical keyboard, but has the keys displayed on a screen.traditionalnotebookthumbvirtual2. This mouse emits and senses light to detect mouse movements.dynamiccordlessmechanicaloptical3. A penlike device commonly used with tablets and PDAs.joystickpointing stickstyluspointer4. A type of reader that interprets encoded information from credit and debit cards.bankcardchargemaster5. Often used to score standardized multiple-choice tests, this device senses the presence or absence of a mark, such as a pencil mark.CRTOMROCRMFD6. This indicates a monitor’s ability to display colors.contrast ratiodot pitchaspect ratioresolution7. The most common LCD display in which each pixel is independently activated producing a high quality and energy efficient image.AMOLEDLEDCRTTFT-LC8. Using a technology similar to that used in a photocopying machine, this printer employs a light beam to produce images with excellent letter and graphics quality.dot-matrixlaserphotothermal9. This device typically combines the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copy machine.dot-matrixLFTlaserMFD10. This Internet telephone service provides free domestic calling, supports video as well as audio, and does not require any special equipment.OomaMagicJackSkypeVonageddcbbadbdcBook。