高三英语翻译专题

翻译中的句型结构

一、基本句型及成分

1.句子的种类

句子常分为陈述句、问句、祈使句和感叹句四大类。在翻译中多遇见的是陈述句,形式是主语先行,如:物价又上涨了。Princes are going up again.

有时候也会出现祈使句,形式是动词原形先行,主语省略,如:

明天把一切都准备好。Get everything ready tomorrow.

感叹句的形式是修饰性短语,后接主语及谓语,常见的句型有:

What+ a(n) adj. + n+主谓!

How +adj. /adv. +主谓!

How +adj. +a(n) +主谓!

问句可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。如:

你今晚有空吗Will you be free tonight

你对这座城市的印象如何

What’s your impression of the city

代表团今天到还是明天到

Is the delegation arriving today or tomorrow

在这里工作多年了对吧You’ve been working here for many years, haven’t you

2.简单句的成分

简单句的翻译是最直接的,只要找准句子中的主语、谓语动词等成分,按照英语的习惯连接起来就可以了。主要有:

(1) 主语+谓语动词

如:门铃响了The door bell rang.

⑵主语+系动词+表语

如:这盘菜看起来很诱人。

The dish looks inviting.

(3) 主语+谓语动词+宾语

如:很多人在申请这份工作。Many people arc applying for the job

(注意:有宾语的谓语动词应该是及物动词或动词词组;如果宾语是代词,应用宾格)

⑷主语十谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

如:我把护照拿给他们看。I showed them my passport

如果要把间接宾语移到后面,前面要加上介词to或for,如:

我把护照拿给其中一位移民局的官员看。

I showed my passport to one of the immigration officers.

(5)主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补

如:我闻见有东西烧焦了。I smelt something burning.

二、复合句型

复合句的翻译要注意连词、关系代词或关系副词的正确使用,判断汉语句子中的哪一部分充当名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句,翻译的同时要兼顾各从句的语法规则和特点。

如：

(1) 只要专心学习,你一定能顺利通过考试。(条件状语从句)

So long as/If you concentrate on your studies , you’11succc eed in passing the examinations

(2) 她挥舞着手发疯了似的。(方式状语从甸〉

she waved her hands as if she were mad.

(3) 你爱坐哪里就坐哪里。(地点状语从句)

You can sit where you like.

(4) 主席走进来,我们就都站了起来。(时间状语从句)

We all stood up as soon as /the moment the chairman entered.

(5) 天那么黑,我看不清彼此的脸了。(结果状语从句)

It was so dark that we couldn’t see each other’s faces.

(6) 这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营早度过的日子。(定语从句)

This photo reminds me of the days (that) we spent in the summer camp.

(7) 作品得奖的女孩是班上最小的学生。(定语从句)

The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.

(8) 你该就你刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(宾语从句)

You should apo1ogize to all the people present for what you have just done.

(9) 这一切是怎么发牛的对我是一个谜。(主语从句)

How it all happened is a mystery to me.

(10) 金钱万能这个思想是错误的。(同位语从句)

The idea that money1neahs everything is unsound.?

三、倒装句型

(1) 我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。(Never)

Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today.

(2) 只有通过努力我们才能成功。(Only…)

Only by working hard can we succeed.

(3) 直到那时我才意识到我犯了一个多么严重的错误。(Not until…)

Not until then did I realize what a serious mistake I had made.

(4) 尽管他还是个孩子,他却承担起了养家的责任。(as)

Child as he is, he takes on the responsibility of supporting the family

(5) 她累得一上床就睡着了。（So）

so tired she was that she fell asleep as soon as she hit the pillow.

四、强调句型

(1) 他就是在那座教堂里结婚的。(It)

It was in that church that he got married

(2) 他到底是在什么时候犯下的罪

When was it that he committed a crime

五、其它特殊句型

(1)The more…., the more……

书读得越多,就对你越有好处。

The more books you read, the more good it will do you.

(2)there be句型

阅读时,你不必碰到生词就查词典。(There be)

There is no need for you to look up every new word you come across while reading.

(3)祈使句+and you’ll…

再试工下,你很可能就成功了。

One more try, and you are likely to succeed.

(4) would rather